駱駝梁實(shí)秋寫的
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：梁實(shí)秋，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代著名作家。1949年從大陸到臺(tái)灣，70年代移居美國(guó)西亞圖，80歲時(shí)懷著深深的遺憾重返臺(tái)灣。下文是他的《駱駝》資料，我們一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。
臺(tái)北沒有什么好去處。我以前常到動(dòng)物園走動(dòng)走動(dòng)，其中兩個(gè)地方對(duì)我有誘惑。一個(gè)是一家茶館，有高屋建瓴之勢(shì)，憑窗遠(yuǎn)盼，一片油綠的田疇，小川蜿蜒其間，頗可使人目曠神怡。另一值得看的使是那兩只駱駝了。
有人喜歡看猴子，看那乖巧伶俐的動(dòng)物，略具人形，而生活究竟簡(jiǎn)陋，于是令人不由地生出優(yōu)越感，拘一把花生米擲過去。有人喜歡看獅子跳火圈，狗作算學(xué)，老虎翻跟頭，覺得有趣。我之看得駱駝則是另外一種心情，駱駝扮演的是悲劇的角色。它的檻外是冷清清的，沒有游人圍繞，所謂檻也只是一根杉木橫著攔在門口。地上是爛糟糟的泥。它臥在那，老遠(yuǎn)一看，真像是大塊的毛姜。*近一看，真可嚇人!一塊塊的毛都在脫落，斑駁的皮膚上隱隱地露著血跡。嘴張著，下巴垂著，有上氣無下氣地喘。水汪汪的兩只大眼睛好像是眼淚撲簌的盼望著能見親族一面似的。腰間的肋骨歷歷可數(shù)，頸子又細(xì)又長(zhǎng)，尾巴像一條破掃帚。駝峰只剩下了干皮，像是一只麻袋搭在背上。駱駝為什么落到這種悲慘的地步呢?難道"沙漠之舟"的雄姿即不過如此么?
我心目中的駱駝不是這樣的。兒時(shí)在家鄉(xiāng)，一聽見大銅鈴丁丁當(dāng)當(dāng)響，就知道是送煤的駱駝隊(duì)來了，愧無管寧的修養(yǎng)，往往奪門出視，一根細(xì)繩穿系著的好幾只駱駝，有時(shí)是十只九只的，一順的立在路邊。滿臉煤污的煤商一聲吆喝，駱駝使乖乖地跪下讓人卸貨，嘴角往往流著白沫，口里不住的嚼--反芻。有時(shí)還跟著一只小駱駝，幾乎用跑步在后面追著，面對(duì)著這樣龐大而溫馴的馱獸，我們不能不驚異地欣賞。
是亞熱帶的氣候不適于駱駝居住。動(dòng)物園的那兩只駱駝不久就不見了，標(biāo)本室也沒有空間容納它們，我從此也不大常去動(dòng)物園了。我常想：公文書里罷黜一個(gè)人的時(shí)候常用"人地不宜"四字，總算是一個(gè)比較體面的下臺(tái)的借口。這駱駝之黯然消逝，也許就類似"人地不宜"之故吧?生長(zhǎng)在北方大地的巨獸，如何能局促在這樣的小小圈子里，如何能耐得住這炎方的郁焦?它們當(dāng)然要憔悴，要悒悒，要委頓以死。我想它們看著身上的毛一塊塊地脫落，真的要變成"有板無毛"的狀態(tài)，蕉風(fēng)椰雨，晨夕對(duì)泣，心里多么凄涼!真不知是什么人惡作劇，把它們運(yùn)到此間，使得它們嘗受這一段酸辛，使我們也興起"人何以堪"的感嘆!
其實(shí)，駱駝不僅是在炎熱之地難以生存，就是在北方大陸，其命運(yùn)也是在日趨于衰微。在運(yùn)輸事業(yè)機(jī)械化的時(shí)代，誰還肯牽著一串串的駱駝?wù)袚u過市?沙漠地帶該是駱駝的用武之地了，但聽說現(xiàn)在沙漠里也有現(xiàn)代化的交通工具。駱駝是馴獸，自己不復(fù)能在野外繁殖謀生。等到為人類服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)消失的時(shí)候，我不知道它將如何繁衍下去。最悲慘的是，大家都譏笑它是獸類中最愚蠢的一個(gè);因?yàn)樗粫?huì)消極地忍耐。給它背上馱上500磅的重載，它會(huì)跪下來承受。它肯食用大多數(shù)哺乳動(dòng)物所拒絕食用的荊棘苦草，它肯飲用帶有鹽味的臟水。它奔
走三天三夜可以不喝水，這并不是它的肚子里儲(chǔ)藏著水，而是因?yàn)樗w內(nèi)的脂肪氧化可以制造出來水。像這樣的動(dòng)物若是從地面上消逝，可能不至于引起多少人的惋惜。尤其是在如今這個(gè)世界，大家所喜歡豢養(yǎng)的乃是善伺人意的哈巴狗，像駱駝這樣的"任重而遙遠(yuǎn)"的家伙，恐怕只好由它一聲不響的從這個(gè)世界舞臺(tái)上退下去罷!
【練習(xí)題】
1.為什么作者認(rèn)為"那兩只駱駝""值得看"?(4分)
答：______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
2.文未說"像駱駝這樣的`'任重而道遠(yuǎn)'的家伙，恐怕只好由它一聲不響的從這個(gè)世界舞臺(tái)上退下去罷"，對(duì)駱駝的遭遇，句中流露出怎樣的情感?試簡(jiǎn)要說出其中的兩種。(4分)
答：______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
3.作品借物抒懷。聯(lián)系全文主旨，請(qǐng)概述出作者在文中三個(gè)劃線句子中所寄寓的情懷。(6分)
答：______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
4.下列對(duì)這篇散文的賞析，正確的兩項(xiàng)是(4分)
A.第二段描寫動(dòng)物園中的駱駝，第三段描寫兒時(shí)所見的駱駝，作品通過這一對(duì)比描寫，突出了"不能不驚異"的感受。
B.作品對(duì)駱駝的遭遇作了大量的描寫，這些描寫都有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩。寓主觀色彩于客觀描寫中，是本文的一大特色。
C.作品中的駱駝，可以看成是作者的自況。作者將情感傾注于"駱駝"這一形象，并通過對(duì)其遭遇的描述，抒寫了自己的人生體驗(yàn)。
D.作品的感情富于變化：先是對(duì)動(dòng)物園里駱駝遭遇的同情，繼而是對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)駱駝的溫馴的驚異，最后是對(duì)北方大陸駱駝的命運(yùn)的釋然。
E.作品的文字平實(shí)，但在平實(shí)的字里行間，卻流淌著一股源于作者對(duì)人生經(jīng)歷的深沉思考而產(chǎn)生的充滿悲壯色彩的情感激流。
【參考答案】
1、(語(yǔ)句理解)(4分)
因?yàn)樗鼈兊脑庥雠c作者類似。4分。
因?yàn)樗鼈兊脑庥鲎屪髡呗?lián)想到自己。4分。
因?yàn)樗鼈円鹱髡邿o限感概。4分。
讀梁實(shí)秋《駱駝》有感(400字)
第一次讀《駱駝》是因?yàn)橥馄诺耐扑]。
外婆一直很喜歡梁實(shí)秋的散文，尤其是喜歡雅舍小品和雅舍雜文。看的時(shí)候外婆對(duì)我說，那一雙駱駝，就是梁實(shí)秋。小的時(shí)候看文章總是似懂非懂，現(xiàn)在回頭來看，才隱約咂出點(diǎn)滋味來了。 梁實(shí)秋喜歡看駱駝是不奇怪的。晚年的梁實(shí)秋身在臺(tái)灣可以說是“有家不得歸”，在政治上又失意，就如他自己說的“人地不宜”，也許就是在他感傷的時(shí)候恰巧看到了這一雙駱駝——它們也是遠(yuǎn)離故鄉(xiāng)，在動(dòng)物園亦受到冷遇，此情此景，叫梁實(shí)秋如何不生出同病相憐之感呢?
文章開頭梁實(shí)秋便說在臺(tái)北的動(dòng)物園“那一雙駱駝”是為數(shù)不多的對(duì)它有誘惑的地方之一，但是去看的時(shí)候情況卻是“它的檻外是冷冷清清的，沒有游人圍繞”，而那一雙駱駝也是被極差的生存環(huán)境和不宜的氣候折磨得奄奄一息的。梁實(shí)秋為什么要執(zhí)著的去看著一雙無人問津的駱駝呢?唯一的解釋就是，梁實(shí)秋在駱駝身上看到了自己。 此外駱駝也輕易的激起了梁老的思想情結(jié)，對(duì)于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的知識(shí)分子來說，落葉歸根具有非常重要的意義。人越老便會(huì)約發(fā)思念自己的故鄉(xiāng)，也更容易回想起故鄉(xiāng)的人和事。而駱駝?wù)橇簩?shí)秋兒時(shí)故鄉(xiāng)最常見的交通工具。
在臺(tái)北，駱駝就如同和梁實(shí)秋一起離鄉(xiāng)的伙伴，睹物思人，思鄉(xiāng)的情緒也就更加濃烈了。他形容駱駝憔悴的模樣的時(shí)候?qū)懙?ldquo;嘴張著，下巴垂著，有上氣無下氣的在喘。水汪汪的兩只眼睛好像是眼淚撲簌的盼望著能見親族一面似的”其實(shí)梁老是在寫自己，寫一個(gè)離鄉(xiāng)背井老人的思鄉(xiāng)情切啊! 經(jīng)歷了逃亡和政治上的失敗，梁老覺得自己的前途是黯然的。梁老自比駱駝，而駱駝的前程也是黯然的。在結(jié)尾處他說：“尤其是在如今這個(gè)世界，大家所喜歡豢養(yǎng)的乃是善伺人意的哈巴狗，像駱駝這樣的“任重道遠(yuǎn)”的家伙，恐怕只好由它一聲不響的從這世界舞臺(tái)上退下去罷!”當(dāng)駱駝作為交通工具消失在歷史舞臺(tái)上的時(shí)候，梁老感覺自己也失去了最后的知音。事實(shí)上，《駱駝》正是梁實(shí)秋凄涼晚景的一個(gè)形象寫照。
梁實(shí)秋-《駱駝》英譯
The Camel
Few places in Taipei are of much appeal to me except the zoo which I used to frequent for its two attractions, namely, the teahouse commanding a pleasant distant view from the window over the surrounding farmlands with fresh green vegetation and meandering streams, and the two camels.
Some people like to amuse themselves by watching the playfulness of clever monkeys which, though slightly manlike, are after all simple-minded animals. That's why people cannot help feeling a sense of superiority and throwing them handfuls of peanuts. Some people enjoy seeing lions jumping through a fiery hoop, dogs doing easy sums, or tigers turning a somersault. But it was with a different state of mind for me to watch the camels playing a tragic role. They had few onlookers and were separated by a fir log across the entrance instead of a fence. Lying on the muddy ground, they resembled huge artichokes when looked at from afar. And it gave me quite a shock to take a closer look. Their hair was falling off in patches, faintly revealing blood-stains on the skin. They were gasping for breath, with mouth wide open, chin drooping and watery big eyes seemingly brimming with tears of longing for their beloved ones. They were so skinny that their ribs showed through distinctly, their necks thin and long, and their tails like a worn-out broom. Nothing remained of their humps but the dried up skin resting on their backs like a gunnysack. O how did they get into such a pitiful plight? O where was the majestic appearance of the "ships of the desert"?
That, however, is not what a camel looks like in my mind's eye. In my childhood, the jingling of big bronze camel bells in my home town would always send me rushing outdoors to see a caravan arriving with a load of coal. The camels, sometimes numbering about ten, would stand roped up in a line, one after another, by the road. At the loud call of the coal trader, whose face was smeared all over with coal dust, the camels would submissively kneel down, ready to be unloaded. Foaming at the mouth, they kept chewing the cud. Sometimes, close at their heels was a calf trying ever so hard to catch up at a quickened pace. These heavily-built, docile pack animals were just amazing and adorable.
Camels do not adapt to the climate of subtropical zones. Northern African countries are known for their brave military camel corps in the deserts, but the camels involved are one-humped dromedaries, not the two-humped Bactrian camels as we are familiar with. The two camels soon disappeared from the zoo, and the specimen room did not have room enough to exhibit them. So, from then on, I seldom visited the zoo. I understand "failed acclimatization" is a face-saving excuse commonly used in officialese to refer to someone's removal from a position. Now the dismal fadeaway of the two camels must be for some similar reasons. How could the two big animals born and brought up in the vast northern plains of China long survive confinement in a small place like the zoo? How could they endure the sweltering heat? Of course, consequently they pined away with weariness and spent their days moping around until they died. How sad they must have been over their thinning hair! Who is to blame for having mischievously brought them to Taipei to undergo untold sufferings? They certainly deserve our deep sympathies!
In fact, camels find it difficult to subsist not only in this hot region, but also in the northern plains of China. Nowadays, with the introduction of mechanized transportation, nobody will ever drive a drove of camels, all strung together, through the open street. Camels used to play a useful role as "ships of the desert", but now, I hear, they have been largely replaced by modern means of transport. As tame animals, they are unable to live all by themselves in a wild state. I wonder if they can still manage to live and breed once they cease to be at man's service. Sad to say, people all sneeringly call them one of the most stupid categories of animals because all they can do is submit and endure passively. They kneel down obediently to be loaded with heavy weights. They exist on low-grade diets, such as tape grass, thistles and thorns, which most mammals refuse to eat. They drink saltish filthy water. They trek for three days and nights without drinking any water, not because they have water stored in their stomachs, but because the fat inside their bodies produce water through oxidation. The hump is considered a delicacy. I have never eaten it, but, I think, it must taste no better than a bear's paw. While probably few people new bemoan the possible extinction of camels, Pekingese, which are good at playing up to man, have become a pet with all. O if only we could do something to prevent this useful animal from its silent withdrawal from the world stage!
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