否定結(jié)構(gòu):
現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式由“not+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.
她不知道該往哪兒走,就去請(qǐng)警察幫助。(現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的否定結(jié)構(gòu))
Not seeing John, I asked where he was.
我看不見約翰,于是問他在何處。(現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的否定結(jié)構(gòu))
Not being seen by anyone, the thief escaped.
那個(gè)賊趁無人看見時(shí)逃跑了。(現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式的否定結(jié)構(gòu))
Not having done it right,I tried again.
我由于沒有做對(duì),所以又試了試。(現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的否定結(jié)構(gòu))
一般式:
(1) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式通常表示其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如:
She sat there reading a novel.
她坐在那里看小說。
A little child learning to walk often falls.
學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。
(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。如:
Going into the room,he shut the door.
走進(jìn)房間,他就關(guān)上了門。
完成式:
現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示其動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前完成。
Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作業(yè)后,這個(gè)小女孩開始看電視。
Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
因?yàn)樵诒本┳×硕嗄,卡特?duì)這個(gè)城市很熟悉。