一、so是副詞,修飾形容詞和副詞;而such是形容詞,修飾名詞。 它們后面都接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,但詞序不同。
1.so的詞序為:so+adj.+a(an)+n.
2.such的詞序為:such+a(an)+adj.+n.
它們可以表達同樣的意思,因此它們可以進行同義改寫。
。1)so nice a coat=such a nice coat 這么漂亮的一件外套
。2)so interesting a book=such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本書
注意:后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時,只能用such,而不能用so。例如:
。1)such beautiful flowers 這么美麗的花
。2)such clever children 如此聰明的孩子
但是,復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前有many,few,much,little修飾時,只能用so而不能用such,這是一種固定用法。例如:
。1)so many books 這么多的書
。2)so few people 這么少的人
。3)so much money 那么多的錢
。4)so little milk 那么少的牛奶
二、和that連用時,意思基本一樣,但句型結(jié)構(gòu)不同。 so...that...句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:
1.so+adj.(adv.)+that...
2.so+adj.+a(an)+單數(shù)名詞+that...
3.so+many(few)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that...
4.so+much(little)+不可數(shù)名詞+that...例如:
(1)This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 這本書如此有趣,我已經(jīng)看了三遍。
。2)He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him. 他說得太快,我們都未能聽懂他的話。
。3)It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天氣很熱,誰都不想干活。
。4)There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 這么多人,我們簡直無法繼續(xù)往前走。
5.such...that...句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:
6.such+a(an)+adj.+單數(shù)名詞+that...
7.such+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that...
8.such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that...例如:
。1)She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her.她是個很可愛的小姑娘,大家都喜歡她。
。2)They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. 這么可口的蛋糕,我還想再吃兩塊。
。3)It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 這么香的牛奶,我們都想喝。
注意:由于so和such后跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,可以換用,同樣so...that...與such...that...也可以進行同義句改寫。 如上文中:This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 可改寫成:This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times. It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.可改寫成:It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
三、so與that可以直接構(gòu)成詞組so that, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句, 表示“以便、以至”的意思。例如:
He worked hard so that he could pass theexams.為了能通過考試,他學習很認真。(但such沒有這種用法。)