With復合結構是由介詞with或without+復合結構構成,復合結構作介詞with或without的復合賓語,復合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當,第二部分補足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或非謂語動詞充當。
with的六種用法含例句:
1.表示方式、手段或工具等時(=以,用),如:with a car 用卡車
2. 與某些抽象名詞連用時,其作用相當于一個副詞.如:
with care=carefully 認真地
with kindness=kindly 親切地
3. 表示條件時,根據情況可與虛擬語氣連用.如:
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是錢多一點,我就買得起了.
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是設備好些,我們完成這項工作還要快些.
4. 比較with和as:兩者均可表示“隨著”,但前者是介詞,后接名詞或代詞;后者是連詞,用于引導一個句子.比較:
He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長,他會進步的.
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時代變了,人們的觀念也會變化.
5. 復合結構“with+賓語+賓語補足語”是一個很有用的結構,它在句中主要用作狀語,表示伴隨、原因、時間、條件、方式等;其中的賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等.如:
(1) with+賓語+形容詞
He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常開著窗睡覺.
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要滿嘴巴食物說話.
(2) with+賓語+ 副詞
He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭 站在老師面前.
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上.
(3) with +賓語+ 介詞短語
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著眼淚說了聲再見.
The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 這個人頭枕著胳膊睡著了.
(4) with+賓語+現在分詞
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了.
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病, 我無法去度假.
(5) with +賓語+ 過去分詞
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒.
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作.
(6) with +賓語+ 動詞不定式
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服, 我無法出去了.
With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的'政策, 我們感到放心.
(7) with +賓語+ 名詞
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時,女兒還是個小學生.
With復合結構:
一、with或without+名詞/代詞+形容詞
例句:1.I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜歡把窗戶開著睡覺。(伴隨情況)
2.With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.
大氣這樣悶,十之八九要下雨(原因狀語)
二、with或without+名詞/代詞+副詞
例句:1.She left the room with all the lights on.
她離開了房間,燈還亮著。(伴隨情況)
2.The boy stood there with his head down.
這個男孩低頭站在那兒。(伴隨情況)
三、with或without+名詞/代詞+介詞短語
例句:1.He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.
他走進黑暗的街道時手里拿著根棍子。(伴隨情況)
2. With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.
由于孩子們在上學,所以當我們想度假時而不能去度假。(原因狀語)
四、with或without+名詞/代詞+非謂語動詞
1、with或without+名詞/代詞 +動詞不定式,此時,不定式表示將發(fā)生的動作。
例句: 1.With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.
由于沒人可以說話的人,約翰感到很悲哀。(原因狀語)
2. With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因為還有很多工作要做,他沒有被允許外出。(原因狀語)
2、with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 現在分詞,此時,現在分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的主謂關系。
例句: 1.With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物價上漲很快,我們買不起高檔商品。(原因狀語)
2. With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.
在人群的歡呼聲中,他們驅車來到皇宮。(伴隨情況)
3、with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 過去分詞,此時,過去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的動賓關系。
例句: 1.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我在房間坐了一會兒,眼睛盯著天花板。(伴隨情況)
2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行車被偷,她只好步行回家。(原因狀語)
五、with或without+名詞/代詞+補語
例句:1.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
有可能,這個人死的時候還沒有人知道那些錢幣被藏在哪里。
2.He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).
他想他是否可以在沒有人注意到他的情況下悄悄溜出演講大廳
3、with the winter coming
隨著冬天的來臨
with+不定式和+分詞的區(qū)別:
加不定式是指將要進行的動作,加分詞是指主動或被動動作.
六、with +賓語(名詞,代詞)+名詞
例句:1.He died with his daughter a schoolgirl
他在他女兒是個小學生的時候死了