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šI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)(wn)}c(du)Փ

r(sh)g2021-06-19 08:57:18 Փ ҪͶ

šI(y)ԺУ@̌W(xu)(wn)}c(du)Փ

ժҪ@̌W(xu)Ǯ(dng)ǰW(xu)ʮϲ(i)\(yn)(dng)(xing)Ŀԓ(xing)\(yn)(dng)HW(xu)Ļ@\(yn)(dng)ܣ(qing)W(xu)w|(zh)B(yng)W(xu)(jin)(qing)Ʒ|(zh)M(jn)W(xu)ȫl(f)չǮ(dng)ǰšI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)F(xin)߀(l)^д^Ć(wn)}ֱӰ˻@̌W(xu)|(zh)̽ӑšI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)еĆ(wn)}c(du)߾Ҫx

šI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)(wn)}c(du)Փ

P(gun)I~šI(y)ԺУ@̌W(xu)(wn)}(du)

@\(yn)(dng)еĊʘ(l)(jng)ʹԓ(xing)\(yn)(dng)ܵVW(xu)ϲ(i)@\(yn)(dng)(du)M(jn)W(xu)ȫl(f)չҪ[1](dng)ǰ@\(yn)(dng)ѽ(jng)HHcٶϵĸ(jng)(zhng)(jng)(zhng)и(jng)(zhng)c˲Ÿ(jng)(zhng)ɞ@\(yn)(dng)ĸ(jng)(zhng)ҪˣšI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)У(yng)B(yng)(yu)Ļ@˲ŷҪλU˻@\(yn)(dng)šI(y)ԺУ|(zh)еãšI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)ڵĆ(wn)}̽ӑ߻@̌W(xu)|(zh)ЧʩԴ˞M(jn)šI(y)Ժ@İl(f)չ춨A(ch)

1.@\(yn)(dng)šI(y)ԺУ|(zh)е

1.1(qing)W(xu)w|(zh)

@\(yn)(dng)ͨ^(gu)ͶSһЩֶ΁(li)ɾCԵķԼw\(yn)(dng)@(g)^(gu)W(xu)ͨ^(gu)@\(yn)(dng)܉W(xu)ٵąf(xi){(dio)(yng)ȣ(qing)W(xu)w|(zh)[2]

1.2ߌW(xu)|(zh)

@\(yn)(dng)еĸ(jng)c(din)܉ʹW(xu)_Ŀɹcʧͬr(sh)(qing)W(xu)ĿʹW(xu)õ

1.3(qing)W(xu)m(yng)(hu)

W(xu)ͨ^(gu)c@\(yn)(dng)(dng)ʹW(xu)ġڏ(f)sHP(gun)ϵ呟HP(gun)ϵ̎W(xu)(li)(hu)춨ûA(ch)

2.šI(y)ԺУ@̌W(xu)еĆ(wn)}

2.1@̎Y(du)

Č(sh)Hr(li)(dng)ǰšI(y)ԺУĎY(du)^ֱӰ푻@̌W(xu)|(zh)@ҪšI(y)ԺУ(du)wYͶ벻㌧(do)µšI(y)Ժ@YTǽͻ@̌W(xu)|(zh)Ҫ(wn)}֮һ[3]҇(gu)^šI(y)ԺУİl(f)չ^ҴW(xu)Уϲ(li)еĽ̎Č(zhun)I(y)ˮƽҴp̎ȱSĽ̌W(xu)(jng)(yn)@͌(do)šI(y)ԺУĻ@YڲƽĬF(xin)ǽ(li)҇(gu)(hu)(jng)(j)õѸٰl(f)չšI(y)ԺУF(xin)@YTĆ(wn)}ֱӰ푻@̌W(xu)w|(zh)K(do)ŒW(xu)Ļ@ˮƽo(w)õ

2.2̌W(xu)ͽ̌W(xu)(ni)݂y(tng)

ܵy(tng)Ӱ̎ڻ@̌W(xu)ҪÂy(tng)Ľ̌W(xu)һ㶼׌W(xu)M(jn)л@(dng)Ӗ(xn)](mi)нM@\(yn)(dng)(dng)c@ِʹÌW(xu)(du)@n̵dȤu[4]ͬr(sh)̎ڽ̌W(xu)^(gu)^(gu)ڿؽ̌W(xu)΄(w)](mi)ЏČW(xu)Č(sh)Hrl(f)׌W(xu)^̵ĕr(sh)g(ni)ɽ̌W(xu)΄(w)(do)ŒW(xu)o(w)Ļ@ˮƽy(tng)Ľ̌W(xu)cһĽ̌W(xu)(ni)ʹW(xu)һֱ̎ڱ(dng)ČW(xu)(x)B(ti)ڽ̎ҕˌW(xu)֮gڂ(g)w(do)еČW(xu)y@?q)W(x)(ni)ݣKӰˌW(xu)w呟Чc@ܵ̌W(xu)ڻ@̌W(xu)Ҫͨ^(gu)ɂ(g)(li)չ_(ki)һǽ̎ʾnjW(xu)ģҕˌW(xu)ĺR(sh)F(tun)(du)B(yng)(do)ŒW(xu)HHֻ˻@ܣo(w)W(xu)ĈF(tun)(du)R(sh)R(sh)@(du)ߌW(xu)ľC|(zh)(li)Ӱ

2.3̌W(xu)ģʽһ

šI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)һֱ\(yn)(dng)Ӗ(xn)Փ(li)w̌W(xu)(du)W(xu)M(jn)л@P(gun)֪R(sh)vc(dng)ʾ^(gu)ҕҕˌW(xu)@?q)?xing)Ӗ(xn)@NrmȻW(xu)Ļ@g(sh)õnjW(xu)Č(du)@\(yn)(dng)(xing)ĿdȤu͡W(xu)̎ڷՇSĭh(hun)(do)ŒW(xu)еW(xu)ֻһζģ½̎ʾĻ@(dng)ʹÌW(xu)Ą(chung)B(yng)ܵӰ푣ͬr(sh)Ӱ푌W(xu)w呟Ч

2.4̎nr(sh)٣΄(w)

šI(y)Ժ@̌W(xu)(do)w̌W(xu)ʮע،W(xu)Č(zhun)I(y)ҕˌW(xu)wšI(y)ԺУ(du)ڻ@nİŲ࣬ný̌W(xu)(ni)΄(w)^W(xu)Ҫһĕr(sh)g(ni)y_(d)̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)ˣֻ̎Ќ̌W(xu)΄(w)M(jn)Єhpչ_(ki)ʽĽ̌W(xu)K(do)½̌W(xu)|(zh)⣬W(xu)@ӵĭh(hun)Ÿo(w)ְl(f)]wλԴu͌W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)dȤ

3.šI(y)Ժ@(yng)ȡĴʩ

3.1Ӵ@Ͷ

šI(y)ԺУ(yng)J(rn)R(sh)@(du)W(xu)ȫ|(zh)ҪӴ(du)@Ͷ(yng)(dng)һЩ(zhun)I(y)Ļ@̎ƸõW(xu)УЗlr߀(yng)(dng)չ_(ki)@̎Č(zhun)I(y)Ӗ(xn)ʹ̎Č(zhun)I(y)ܵõ鱣C@̎|(zh)춨ûA(ch)[5]߀(yng)(dng)ӏ(qing)ԺУĻ@̌W(xu)O(sh)ʩO(sh)ӳĻ@\(yn)(dng)P(gun)O(sh)䣬W(xu)ṩõČW(xu)(x)h(hun)׌W(xu)õĭh(hun)չ_(ki)@\(yn)(dng)õW(xu)Ļ@\(yn)(dng)ˮƽ

3.2ŠW(xu)(ni)

Į(dng)ǰšI(y)ԺУČ(sh)Hr(li)@ný̌W(xu)(ni)ݵĆһͻĆ(wn)}νQԓ(wn)}ѳɞ鮔(dng)ǰšI(y)ԺУP(gun)עҪ֡õķnj(du)ŠW(xu)(ni)@Ӳܼl(f)W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)dȤCÿһλW(xu)Ļ@g(sh)ˮƽõ_(d)W(xu)w|(zh)ߵ춨A(ch)[6]ͬr(sh)̎ڽ̌W(xu)Б(yng)ȡЧĽ̌W(xu)СM(x)СM(jng)(zhng)ʽw(sh)ʩ飺ȌW(xu)SC(j)֞˔(sh)ͬСM׌W(xu)M(jn)л@Α(dng)W(xu)ͨ^(gu)c@Α(dng)܉Чl(f)W(xu)(du)@\(yn)(dng)dȤʹW(xu)eO(dng)c@̌W(xu)߀ܴM(jn)W(xu)֮gĻ(dng)_(d)W(xu)w|(zh)Ч̎ڽ̌W(xu)(yng)(dng)׌W(xu)đćLԇI(lng)(hu)@\(yn)(dng)ľҵmԼČW(xu)(x)

3.3(sh)F(xin)̌W(xu)ģʽĶӻ

ӻĽ̌W(xu)ģʽڼl(f)W(xu)(du)@\(yn)(dng)dȤʹW(xu)eOčW(xu)(dng)Ό(sh)F(xin)@̌W(xu)ģʽĶӻɞšI(y)ԺУоҪn}S҇(gu)Ϣg(sh)Ѹٰl(f)չýwڽ̌W(xu)nõõVđ(yng)伯lҕlһw(yu)(sh)܉׌W(xu)ֱ^˽@\(yn)(dng)ļõ.ջ@\(yn)(dng)ļɡ̎҃(ni)չ_(ki)ýw@̌W(xu)M(jn)W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)eOȡõĽ̌W(xu)Ч춨A(ch)

3.4Ҫ`

ڌW(xu)֮gڂ(g)wڿˌW(xu)@ˮƽĕr(sh)һy@Ҫ̎(j)W(xu)Č(sh)HrO(sh)`Ŀwϵ磬Ͷ@W(xu)(x)(du)ڻ@A(ch)ˮƽcw|(zh)^õČW(xu)(yng)(dng)(du)Ͷ@(dng)(yn)Ҫ(sh)ʩ(du)һЩw|(zh)^ČW(xu)ֻҪɻļg(sh)(dng)ɡ@(g)^(gu)̎(yng)(dng)ָW(xu)ĵط(qing)(du)кܴM(jn)ČW(xu)(yng)(dng)oW(xu)Ą(l)@ӲʹW(xu)^܄(dng)ԵõʹW(xu)eO(dng)չ_(ki)@?q)W(x)ʹ@̌W(xu)|(zh)õ

3.5Ҏ(gu)@\(yn)(dng)Ӗ(xn)

̎ڻ@̌W(xu)(yng)(dng)(j)W(xu)Č(sh)HrM(jn)л@\(yn)(dng)Ӗ(xn)(ni)ݵĺҎ(gu)ֻע،W(xu)һļӖ(xn)߀(yng)(dng)ָ(do)W(xu)\(yn)򡢿Ȼ@P(gun)ɡڻ@Ӗ(xn)^(gu)̎߀(yng)(dng)?q)Wv@ِеҎ(gu)tcҪע(xing)Ͷ@(dng)M(jn)TcˆTļg(sh)[7]@\(yn)(dng)Tܵɔ_rͶôԓЧ(du)Ͷ@r(sh)g(li)f(shu)L(zhng)Ͷ@r(sh)gҲnj(du)Ͷ@(dng)Ҏ(gu)ʹM(jn)@һҎ(gu)¿Գֿ]ļ(zhn)g(sh)(du)(zhn)g(sh)(li)f(shu)Ҫ׌Tõƽcˣ̎(yng)(dng)(j)Ļ@չ_(ki)Ļ@Ӗ(xn)Դ˸õW(xu)@\(yn)(dng)ˮƽ

3.6߻@̌W(xu)

̎(yng)Ƃy(tng)Ļ@̌W(xu)ģʽ(yu)@̌W(xu)ģʽ̎ԌF(xin)̌W(xu)nã׌W(xu)ܵ@\(yn)(dng)ȤζߌW(xu)ĸ(jng)R(sh)cW\(yn)⣬̎߀(yng)(dng)ڽMW(xu)չ_(ki)@(jng)ِ׌W(xu)eOc@(jng)ِ(dng)Уͨ^(gu)ِʹW(xu)Ļ@\(yn)(dng)Ҏ(gu)tc@쾚W(xu)\(yn)(dng)xl(f)P(yng)(li)呟W(xu)ķ(yng)S˼SM(jn)W(xu)ȫl(f)չ춨A(ch)(du)ڻ@ِ@ٵһ̎(yng)(du)W(xu)Cl(f)(yng)Ī(jing)ƷcC(sh)Դ˴M(jn)W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)eO@̌W(xu)ע

3.7W(xu)I(yng)õĻ@?q)W(x)h(hun)עغ̌W(xu)

@̌W(xu)|(zh)̎(yng)(dng)W(xu)(chung)õĻ@?q)W(x)h(hun)šI(y)ԺУ(yng)(dng)עغ̌W(xu)(chung)һ(g)ǢmCĽ̌W(xu)h(hun)׌W(xu)@(g)^(gu)иõչ_(ki)@?q)W(x)̎ڻ@̌W(xu)(yng)(dng)W(xu)wλãְl(f)](do)λͬr(sh)̎(yng)(dng)ƽȵđB(ti)cW(xu)õ֮gľx@̎(yng)ĵָ(do)W(xu)֮̎W(xu)̎Ɇ(wn)r(sh)(yng)ƽ͡(dng)Z(y)شW(xu)(wn)}õĽQW(xu)Ɇ(wn)ԴW(xu)@?q)W(x)Ч

3.8MܲöNW(xu)֪R(sh)

ڻ@̌W(xu)̎(yng)öN׌W(xu)W(xu)(x)֪R(sh)W(xu)ֻо߂Sı(ch)cV韵Փ֪R(sh)ʹcJ(rn)֪õW(xu)W(xu)֪R(sh)ԽҲ͸SʹW(xu)a(chn)뷨[8]磬ڻ@̌W(xu)׌W(xu)ԼM(jn)л@ΑO(sh)Ӌ(j)(du)@ΑO(sh)Ҏ(gu)t֮W(xu)һͬcΑ(dng)ͨ^(gu)ΑącʹW(xu)@(g)^(gu)w(hu)@Ę(l)Ȥl(f)W(xu)(du)@n̵dȤ߀S@n̵Ľ̌W(xu)(ni)ݣM(jn)@̌W(xu)|(zh)춨A(ch)

3.9ӏ(qing)W(xu)(du)@\(yn)(dng)Ҏ(gu)t_J(rn)R(sh)

̎ڻ@̌W(xu)(yng)עؼӏ(qing)W(xu)(du)@\(yn)(dng)Ҏ(gu)tJ(rn)R(sh)׌W(xu)J(rn)R(sh)@\(yn)(dng)x֪W(xu)@Ҏ(gu)tHǑ(yng)õِеķtҲһNƽľڻ@ِБ(yng)(dng)_(ki)棬t@\(yn)(dng)ʧȥwS@ِĴ@Ҏ(gu)tҲl(f)һЩ׃̎(yng)(dng)?q)Wv@ِҎ(gu)tԴ׌W(xu)õչ_(ki)@?q)W(x)W(xu)Ļ@ܵ춨A(ch)

Y(ji)Z(y)

֮˴M(jn)šI(y)Ժ@İl(f)չ(yng)(dng)@̌W(xu)дڵĆ(wn)}̎(yng)ְl(f)]W(xu)wλԌW(xu)鱾ȡӻĽ̌W(xu)l(f)W(xu)(du)@\(yn)(dng)dȤʹW(xu)eO(dng)c@̌W(xu)̎߀(yng)(dng)ľC|(zh)(chung)½̌W(xu)ģʽע،W(xu)@w|(zh)γɌW(xu)Kw呟^Դ˞M(jn)W(xu)ȫl(f)չ춨A(ch)

īI(xin)

[1].(dng)ǰ҇(gu)šԺУ@̌W(xu)дڵĆ(wn)}(du)̽[J].(dng)w,2017,7(16):75-76.

[2]t÷.(dng)ǰߵԺ@̌W(xu)F(xin)c(du)߷[J].w(Ѯ),2014(01):114-115.

[3]O.šԺУ@nM(jn)ЌW(xu)wԽ̌W(xu)ĸо[J].{,2017(36):177.

[4].šԺ@̌W(xu)еĆ(wn)}c̽[J].a(chn)I(y)cƼՓ,2015,14(05):202-203.

[5].oڻ@Ӗ(xn)еđ(yng)ìF(xin)l(f)չ(du)о[J].ߌW(xu),2015(15):25-27.

[6]܂A.Ľn(MOOC)ҕҰ¸šԺ@w̌W(xu)n̸ĸо[J].I(y)(do)(bo),2016(09):136.

[7].ʡšԺ@nY(du)F(xin)c(du)о[J].I(yng)Ƽ,2016(10):231.

[8]Ⱥ.šԺ@̌W(xu)ԌW(xu)wо[J].Ƥ,2016,38(20):293.

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