有關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時的課件
現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
有關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時的課件
一、引入：-Did you visit Beijing before?-Yes, I did.-No, I didn’t.
Have you ever visited Beijing?Yes, I ________.No,I ________.
Have you ever been to Beijing?Yes, I ________.No,I ________.
二、定義:現(xiàn)在完成時表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或仍在持續(xù)的動作、狀態(tài)；強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或聯(lián)系。
三、結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+p.p.(動詞過去分詞)
接觸一：肯定句式現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是“have（has）＋過去分詞”。如：
�、賅e have just finished our homework．
�、赟he has gone home．
注意：
1）該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。
2）該句式中have（has）和過去分詞之間可用just插入。
3）把該句式譯成漢語時，往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過”或“了”等。
接觸二：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋過去分詞”。如：
�、轜e haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．
�、逿he train hasn't stopped yet．
接觸三：疑問句式現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。
③Have you read this story book yet？
特殊疑問句及反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
④What have you done with my bike?
�、軾ou've read this story book, haven't you?
注意：
1）現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句往往在句末加yet。
2）把現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句譯成漢語時，
往往譯成“……過嗎？”、“已經(jīng)……了嗎？”等。
3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，
否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有時用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。
四、過去分詞（規(guī)則＋ed）
1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed2）likedlivedmoved
3）stoppeddroppedrobbedplanned，preferred4）carried，worried，tried，cried
五、現(xiàn)在完成時常與一些詞、詞組連用:
1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已經(jīng)）、yet（仍、還）、just（剛剛）、before（以前)
2、for +一段時間:for two days有兩天了
3. in the past/last＋一段時間:in the past ten years在剛過去的十年里
4. since +過去某一個時間:since 1991 :自從1991年到現(xiàn)在
一段時間+ agosince 14 years ago:自從14年前到現(xiàn)在
一般過去時句子:since I was born :自從我出生到現(xiàn)在
already, yet, ever, never, just的用法
Already肯定句，強調(diào)已經(jīng)的意,放句中或句末.
I have already finished my homework.= I have finished my homework already.
yet否定句、問句，表示還沒，沒有的意思,放句末
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet?
ever問句，表示曾經(jīng)的意思Has John ever been to Zhuhai?
never含否定意思的肯定句，表示從沒的意思He has never been to China.
just肯定句，表示剛剛的意思I have just come back from China.
練習(xí)：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空
1.Have you seen the film ()?
2.Have you done your homework ()?-Not (), I will do it after supper.
3.Have you () been to England?-no, ().
4.I have () finished reading the book.
5.I have () paid for the car.
for, since及how long
For +時間段：表示某個動作持續(xù)了多長時間
Joey has been in New York for 10 years.
Since +時間點（具體時間/ … ago/某個動作發(fā)生的時間）：
表示某個動作是從什么時候開始的，間接地表示這個動作持續(xù)的時間
Joey has been in New York since 1996.
Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.
Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.
兩者都可以回答由How long引導(dǎo)的'問題。
How long has Joey been in New York?
練習(xí)：用for, since及how long填空
1.The wind has blown () 2 hours.
2.The dog has stayed there () it ate its dinner.
3.() has the old man lain in bed?
4.The teacher has thought about the problem () yesterday.
5.The horse has run () quite a long time.
6.The ducks have swum () thirty minutes.
7.The poor child has worn the old clothes () 7 years old.
六、have been to, have gone to
Have (has) been to表示曾經(jīng)到過某地（通常現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）
My mother has been to London twice.媽媽去過兩次倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了，在家）
Have (has) gone to表示已經(jīng)去了某地（通常不在說話的地方）
My mother has gone to London.媽媽去了倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在就在倫敦，不在家）
練習(xí)：
1.Jenny is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.
2.Jane isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?
3.My father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.
4.It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.
5.The manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.
6.The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.
have been to,have been in,have been
Have been to去過某地，現(xiàn)在不在那里I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.
Have been in一直呆在某地，后接地點
I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.
Have been后接名詞和表狀態(tài)的詞組I have been a teacher since 2004.
I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.
練習(xí)：
1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?
B:He ______________the school library.
2.The Greens _____________China for three years.
We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.
1.Some of us have ______________ Zhuhai for only a week.
2.Susan has ______________ in this band for over five years.
3.My father has ______________Guangdong several times.
4.It has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.
5.He loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.
6.Judie has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.
7.Tony has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.
8.Betty’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesn’t feeling like going out.
9.The boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.
七、瞬間動詞和持續(xù)性動詞用于完成時的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷；
瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
Hehas completedthe work. 他已完成了那項工作。(表結(jié)果)
Juliahas borrowedthe book.Julia已經(jīng)借了那本書。
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
Julia has kept the book for 3 days.Julia已借了三天這本書了。
用于till / until從句的差異
延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……”瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示“到…才…”
Hedidn‘tcome backuntil ten o’clock.他到10點才回來。
He sleptuntilten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
瞬間動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞.
1.直接用延續(xù)性動詞
buy– havecatch(get) a cold –have a coldborrow—keepCome/go /become—be
put on-- wear
2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞
join the army – be a soldier
Join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞
die—be deadfinish – be overbegin—be on
leave—be awayfall sleep – be asleepclose – be closed
4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語
go to school– be in schooljoin the army – be in the army
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