c(yu)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ģx5ƪ
һ(yu)ĽͲòҪ(xi)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ѽ̌W(xu)Ҫؿһ(g)ϵy(tng)̌W(xu)(wn)}_QijVҪʹ̌W(xu)Ч(yu)ô(yng)(dng)Ό(xi)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)Сռġc(yu)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ģx5ƪ҅bϣԎҪ
c(yu)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)1
֪R(sh)cܣ
1˽ҺƽcČW(xu)(j)
2Ճ(ni)Ī(d)(du)
^(gu)c
ڷ鹝(ji)^(gu)Ё(li)ɣ၆@λӲhҳă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)һ_ľSă(ni)
БB(ti)cr(ji)ֵ^
W(xu)(x)ݔ?sh)B(qing)
̌W(xu)龳 l(f) (wn)}̽
̌W(xu)E^(gu)̣
(һ)(do)
Ҷ֪~(y)һN͵Ą(dng)ѪԵġˮħ@һ(g)龳һ㪚(d)һ{ںһl~(y)ʮl~(y)(hu)ô?[W(xu)ش](gu)Һġcһ(g)cʮl~(y)(zhn)ʲôʹc֮(zhn)?҂́(li)W(xu)(x)@ƪСf(shu)҂ի@S
()ߺ(jin)
(18991961)һĉӲhQ(chng)l(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~(y)C(l)L(hu)18qM(jn)(bo)^(gu)ɴ(zhn)۱w1954s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)1961겡ʹĥ_(ki)Ԛx͵һ(du)u(png)r(ji)Ͽy(tng)ԣ](mi)ǂ(g)(gu)˱Ⱥ(du)(gu)ĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^(gu)ӰQ(chng)顰o(j)(20)֮һ
()¹
Сf(shu)ǹŰһλ(jng)ɣϝOɣ၆ѽ(jng)ʮδ~(y)ˣڵڰʮһ(g)˳h(yun)ںϽ(jng)^(gu)ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~(y)Ȼښw;R~(y)s~(y)ԵĹ(ji)xҪc~(y)龰Сf(shu)RY(ji)βIJҲСf(shu)鹝(ji)l(f)չĸ߳
()Сf(shu)鹝(ji)
ȽoһЩʾҿԸ(j)ĻغĽY(ji)(li)
β Y(ji)
~(y)暢һlL ʧ~(y)~(y)Եʮ
õӚɗl ~(y)Եķ֮һ
õӚһ^ ۔
ö̹˃ɗl 낀(g)~(y)ҧ
ö̹Ⱥ~(y) R~(y)ֻʣ
СY(ji)c~(y)ÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)һo(w)o(w)ȵʧ
()(ni)Ī(d)
ͨ^(gu)ҵķֹ҂Сf(shu)鹝(ji)֮ǰ҂?c)چԪxf(shu)^(gu)
Ŀ̮(hu)cСf(shu)鹝(ji)İl(f)չ(lin)ϵ҂Ҳv^(gu)߀ԏZ(y)ò(ni)Ī(d)ȷ@ƪСf(shu)е˹ɣ၆ҪĂ(g)(li)̮(hu)?
1βǰc˵ă(ni)Ī(d)
2ͨ^(gu)@Щ茑(xi)҂Կ˹ôӵԸc(din)?
(1)܉ֹ(li)ҲSҿס( M(mn))
(2) F(xin)ڵùĕr(sh)̾Ҫ(li)B~(y)ҲoGDentuso@(g)|Oܸȏ(qing)ұ(߶ ־ʢ)
(3)ǰһ(g)B(yng)һ(g)~(y)eǘЪһЪŪסʣ(li)~(y)(ܬF(xin)(sh) _(ki)(chung)δ(li))
(4)@һ(hu)ɰҴѽ(jng)o(j)ùӰ~(y)oֻҪН{ж̹жһ뷨ȥ((jin)go(w)η (jng)(yn)S)
(5)F(xin)һж^(gu)ȥ^(gu)ҲS߀Ҫғ(li)һ(g)ںҹ](mi)һôȥ(du)?(̎y@ ˼(du))
(6)߀Ǻúõ](mi)аc(din)pֻǂ(g)ϵġ(H M(mn)ϣ)
()
W(xu)Y(ji)Ϲ鹝(ji)(ni)Ī(d)˹
(jin)ªo(w)Ԯ~(y)݆(li)urˑ{ԼǻM(jn)ˊ^µĶ(zhng)҂ԿһN۲(jin)(qing)挦(du)ġӲhӡ
Сf(shu)еĴ~(y)c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟o(w)cȵʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ](mi)бf(shu)@һ(g)wF(xin)f(shu)ġMɰɾǴ˼
()ӑՓ
cl(f)ããϵĿƽֲƽĹ˂J(rn)_(sh)һÕ(sh)һ˽KĺÕ(sh)?yn)o˂̫̫ʾô@ӵʾ?W(xu)ɰl(f)ԣՄʾ
()I(y)
xcI(lng)(hu)S˵ĵǶ挦(du)yď(qing)Ո(qng)(xi)һƪx(800)ӛԼx(sh)ի@
c(yu)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)2
W(xu)(x)Ŀ(bio)
1иxnct֮gĸ
2ڸc(dng)֮g擴ͬr(sh)W(xu)(x)ΰ@N挍(sh)wر_(d)(li)M(jn)Z(y)Էe
c(din)yc(din)
(x)^ٶxnץס茑(xi)B(ti)(dng)Z(y)Լ茑(xi)t(dng)c(din)Z(y)w(hu)N(yn)еĦΰct֮gĸ錑(xi)w
nǰ(zhn)䡿
1տP(gun)ڄ(dng)﷽ĿҕP(gun)עt
2ռP(gun)ڡtˡǑcY
̌W(xu)nr(sh)
2nr(sh)
̌W(xu)^(gu)̡
һnr(sh)
һW(xu)(x)߆Ԫ(do)x_W(xu)(x)Ҫ
1x
2Մ?w)xЩʲô?
((du)ÿһԪČ(do)xǺбҪW(xu)˽(hu)_@һԪnĵ}ʲôҲ(hu)\(yn)W(xu)(x)M(jn)ЌW(xu)(x)@W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)W(xu)(x)Ŀ(bio)^_W(xu)(x))
(do)n
һ(dng)ҲԼĐ(i)Լ@һԪ҂M(jn)(dng)Sȥc֮g擴
xnw֪nă(ni)
1W(xu)ͨxȫA(y)(x)ĻA(ch)߀Щ~](mi)Ū?
2СM̎עѲҕռW(xu)W(xu)(x)rԱM(jn)ָ(do)
3wСM(ni)δQĆ(wn)}(li)?gu)æQ
4˼nҪ(xi)ʲô?(do)W(xu)nķɲ֣
һ(113Ȼ)ͨ^(gu)ιttctHеf(shu)ԒF(xin)ˌ(du)to(w)˽Đ(i)
Σ(1419Ȼ)tzǰwP(pn)CQеȱѮ(hu)չʾ˺t(du)˵Ƿ
xn|(zh)
1W(xu)ñ^ٶxn˼nЩطeЄ(dng)?ЩطɆ(wn)И(bio)ע(li)
2СM
3wW(xu)Ɇ(wn)̎עռ
塢I(y)(sh)(xi)
ڶnr(sh)
һ(do)
@(ji)n҂M(jn)ctȥ܄(dng)c˵
x˼Y(ji)W(xu)(x)113Ȼ
1Щطw(hu)ct֮g(hu)P(gun)Z(y)M(jn)ע
2wץסҪM(jn)⣺
˰ɶСķں߅ćr_(ki)һtȺ̱һȺt(yng)(li)ߵøɸɃڗU߅߅tĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘ(l)V
(˵Ą(dng)ôct֮gôĬCץסߡ֣f(shu)߰tȺʳĘӌ(xi)(dng)tw龰c(dng)C̎Ą(dng)龰)
ںtQ֓P(yng)Dسʲô(c)(x) (tng)ԭ(li)Hص׃{(dio)ĵطԒ(d)_^t족ɳ
(ͨ^(gu)x҂Ը֪ˌ(du)tH(du)tĐ(i))
ѽ(jng)һɫ^(gu)r(sh)¡˵茑(xi)ܸʲô?
(ڃˣso(w)˽،(du)tĸ@Դˌ(du)tĐ(i))
3x113ȻxԼw(hu)ָ(do)xˌ(du)tĐ(i)
W(xu)(x)ڶ
1x1419Ȼ˼zĵطl(f)ʲô벻?Y(ji)nă(ni)ͬW(xu)ӑՓʲô(hu)l(f)@ӵ?
W(xu)(x)R(bo)һ¡벻顱
(t˵zwP(pn)B?sh)Q݆wzǰĿtzǰվɃC(dng)҂zr(sh)ըˠI(yng)Ƶē^(gu)(li))
ʲô(hu)l(f)@ӵ?
(?yn)麣tһҲиҺS˽ĸʧȥһλеy^(gu))
2xnڕ(sh)Ŀհط(xi)Լw(hu)ȻСM(ni)M(jn)нȫཻ
tȄ(dng)݆wzǰĿǰ(li)հzݵH
(ץհһ~w(hu)t(du)˵ľˮ(dng)H)
^(gu)һ(hu)tء
(ץC(dng)~w(hu)t(du)˵(i))
tըˠI(yng)Ƶġ
(á䡱áw?(do)W(xu)t?sh)Qƺf(shu)Щʲô?ġɫuw(hu)t(du)˵IJʹ(du)˵һƬ)
3ָ(do)W(xu)(f)xw(hu)t(du)˵ĸ
W(xu)@ʲô?һɾԒ(xi)һ(xi)
(W(xu)ɾڕ(sh)ό(xi)Ȼw)
չ
ռP(gun)t˅ǑcY(du)Ԫ}'J(rn)R(sh)(li)(i)o(h)(dng)(dng)؈(bo)Ԑ(i)W(xu)Y(ji)Լ(jng)(yn)ռYՄ?w)ԼĿ?li)cȻѺ̎h
c(yu)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)3
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
֪R(sh)cĿ(bio)
1.˽⡶cƷĹ
2.Y(ji)茑(xi)Ʒζ˼Ը
^(gu)cĿ(bio)
ƷζƷ٘(jin)^wZ(y)L(fng)
БB(ti)cr(ji)ֵ^Ŀ(bio)
?q)W(x)ϵǷN\(yn)Ȼ(zhn)ěQĺ
̌W(xu)c(din)
(do)W(xu)w(hu)茑(xi)Ըϵ
̌W(xu)yc(din)
ƷζƷ늈(bo)ʽZ(y)L(fng)
nr(sh)
3nr(sh)
һnr(sh)
cԌW(xu)ָ(do)
ָ(do)W(xu)(x)Ŀ(bio)
1e~Z(y)˽ߵP(gun)R(sh)
2xnģּ
3B(yng)W(xu)̽xչ˼Sg
4ԌW(xu)Ŀ(bio)
һČW(xu)R(sh)
P(gun)
~
1e(cu)օ(xi)ע
2c(din)~Z(y)
w(hu)ּ
ڶnr(sh)
һ(do)n
֪ˌ(xi)ƪֻЎʮ(y)С(c)Ӷ@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)һ(hu)еy@(sh)@(g)˾Ǻ@С(c)Ӿǡc
ߺ(jin)
ʾƬһ(g)(i)C~(y)^(gu)һ(zhn)đ(zhn)(chng)^(gu)237KƬ^Ͽp^(gu)57ڷރɶwC(j)ʧ£(yn)صXʎʹҕͽÿr@ǺĽ(jng)vӲhԸ
Ʒ(jin)
ʾcDƬ@ƪСf(shu)茑(xi)һλª(d)ĹŰϝOڼձȺ~(y)ǰl(f)һϵ@Ą(dng)ǵĹĶһ(g)؉Ȼփ(yu)L(fng)ھϲɑ(zhn)ٵСf(shu)һ̈́(chung)(li)ʷϿǰļo(j)䛣48Сr(sh)۳530f(wn)(c)Ʒڮ(dng)ͫ@ߪ(jing)֫@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)
xn˽⹝(ji)xֵă(ni)
@Գԁ(li)Ҋ(jin)ճ@r(sh)~(y)D(zhun)(li)ײFz(do)ԇD^ס~(y)^˦ڑ(yng)~(y)ͬr(sh)߀ҪԼw?fn)@(chng)͈(jin)g^Уǻۺͽ(jng)(yn)ȡ˄OεԼС߅ĴR~(y)R~(y)rѪȾt˺ˮ
СMA(y)(x)в鵽~P(gun)Y
nr(sh)
һx(x)p
1.Ո(qng)ͬW(xu)ׂ(g)(f)cR~(y)龰ɶ˻ʾa(b)ɣͬr(sh)(du)ȌW(xu)ď(f)Z(y)ͬСf(shu)Z(y)(do)W(xu)Ʒζ(jin)^
1е
2еĴR~(y)
3ĽY(ji)
2.(wn)}ӑ
1˫@ٵԭʲô
@(chng)͈(jin)g^֧˵wϣ֧˵ľ(jng)(yn)ʹ˫@ϣϵʥǻ۶ǿ?j)Hеw֪R(sh)͙C(j)Ƕǿ?j)Hİ(li)֧Լȡ@һεĄ
2ڃ(ni)Ќ(du)R~(y)ʲôB(ti)
R~(y)֎Č(du)ڌ(xi)ͬr(sh)֎o(w)ٝP(yng)Z(y)⌑(xi)R~(y)ĸcoxչʾcҏě](mi)Ҋ(jin)^(gu)ߵĖ|ϵ(li)ҺҲںl(shu)l(shu)(li)R~(y)ˈ(jin)(qing)һ(g)Č(du)ֺˉ(mng)Ė|
3w(hu)ʥ˵ă(ni)Ī(d)ՄһՄ㌦(du)ӡ
ǺıࡰӲhӝhŵ](mi)ЏΣU(xin)ĬF(xin)(sh)С˅s¸ҵؽܬF(xin)(sh){Լ־(chung)ˬF(xin)(sh)AǷdz̕KKĄںĹPǂ(g)ҪԽO
չ
u(png)r(ji)cһӢxٝе˱Mһ_(ki)ʼ̎ڲλ84춼](mi)в~(y)eĝOʧ߀ݶ㲡С̵úĂ̡](mi)X(qin)I(mi)ԵģȻӢ s֪䲻ɞ֮ڵ85Qġh(yun)ȥ឴~(y)һlδҊ(jin)^(gu)Ĵ~(y)֪Լ߀óҸ㵽ס־(dng)?sh)һl~(y)(li)uԵ˴~(y)s40ǡ˲Ǟʧһ(g)˿Աܽo(du)ӿ
W(xu)ԣ
f(shu)@(g)}Ŀ(yng)ԓwζnP(gun)Iͬr(sh)ҲpƷζƷP(gun)IƳһϵСӲhȵرF(xin)挦(du)\(yn)ͱܼl(f)w;ԼʧǰܱF(xin)(li)L(fng)ȡ(li)P(yng)^M(mn)Һ͞(zi)yo(w)ՓӶֻһ(chng)ȻֻҪ@NL(fng)˾֪(hu)ʧҪƴı@ʾăr(ji)ֵ˸(yn)ʮo(j)(gu)Сf(shu)ʷ}ĿıW(xu)(du)Ʒⲻ(hu)xڃr(ji)ֵȡϿSW(xu)жԪД༰x
СY(ji)
cL(fng)mȻ(jin)sǧNٟľ˹ʥ粻\(yn)ܹª(d)įľߌ(du)\(yn)ԔC
I(y)
xԭc(xi)600ҵx
c(yu)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)4
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1nă(ni)̽ӑµζ
2B(yng)\(yn){ǻD^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>
̌W(xu)^(gu)
һ˽Ʒ
ע
xnּ
1ĬxnM(jn)Ȧc(din)(hu)u(png)עx
غ~(y)N(li)(sh)ʹ^Y(ji)ˠB(ti)~(y)R~(y)
һغһl~(y)K^XћQĈ(jin)(qing)ȱȫ40
ڶغσɗlӽژϺúϢЩʹʹѪ˱1/4Ǻ
غһl^ӽژϰˮˮ
Ļغσɗl̹ڴwʹӲһlһlM(jn)ˮ낀(g)ӱҧʣ°l~(y)
غϳȺY(ji)(du)
Ѵ^(gu)(li)~Țһ(g)һ(g)ρ(li)
2(wn)}
c~(y)һδβ˵ľcw(jng)˾Ŀ(yn)͛_Լ(jng)^(gu)DŬ@õի@Kһo(w)ɣρһλӵ㿴(li)dzɹ߀ʧˣijɔב(yng)ԓ(li)
(jin)(qing)¸o(w)η挦(du)ʹӲhӵ
@һ(chng)cȻ@Ą(dng)ǵıÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)o(w)ȵʧһNxρ(li)f(shu)һ(g)?yn)\(yn)o(w)ՓôD^ĭh(hun){ԼǻM(jn)ˊ^µĿ?fn)R~(y)mȻ](mi)бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`(yn)@ʾˡһ(g)˵ͿԵ_(d)ʲô̶ȡһ(g)ʧһ(g)ʧӢСf(shu)еĴ~(y)c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟o(w)cȵʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ](mi)бf(shu)@һ(g)wF(xin)f(shu)ġMɰɾǴ˼
茑(xi)~(y)к
r˵¸ǻ
̎a(b)䣺Ξ鷴rڌ(du)֮(qing)(li)wԸ֮(qing)ڸf(shu)^(gu)˸Ă̈́(qing)ij̶ֻнì܌(du)Ă̈́(qing)ij̶Ȳܺ(li)Сf(shu)УٵطO茑(xi)~(y)ĶrгɣĄB(qing)
еĪ(d)ʲôc(din)?ʲô
ijP(gun)ϝOɣc~(y)(chng)茑(xi)߀дă(ni)Ī(d)Ҍ(sh)ӛɣă(ni)Ļ(dng)(xi)ںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^(gu)(lin)ķʽ挍(sh)٬F(xin)˵˼c@Щ(ni)Ī(d)ײH̽ʾ˹ǃ(ni)ĵԺ(jin)ԼԮĹª(d)WqSSСf(shu)˼(gu)Сf(shu)ҪɫСf(shu)еӲhӶǡZ(y)ȱ˼ϝOɣsSă(ni)Ј(jin)(qing)˼֧Є(dng)˳ɞ麣Сf(shu)п̮(hu)ɹ֮һ
Y(ji)
}ĿǡcСf(shu)nj(xi)һλ˼ںϵĽ(jng)v(sh)H˵O߸ѽ(jng)Խһ(g)˵ĴɞһNɣǡӲhӡĴt;~(y)t҂еġ(qing)\(yn)˵һһL(fng)(jng)vL(fng)Ҋ(jin)ʺ·;ɱ҂Ҫ\(yn)ֻн(jng)vc~(y)^ܳɞ鏊(qing)ĸ
܉һеIJǏ(qing)һ˲ď(qing)㑪(yng)(dng)ȑ(zhn)Խ䌍(sh)ğȥʲôӵ߁(li)Ҍʲôӵȥ҂ÿһ(g)˶иŬԘ(l)^B(ti)ӭδ(li)(zhn)
c(yu)̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)5
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1иxnˌ(du)tĐ(i)ct(du)˵ĸ
2ץסnĵc(din)~w(hu)ӵ˼Ħΰct֮gĸ錑(xi)w
̌W(xu)yc(din)
1ץסnеc(din)~ͨ^(gu)xw(hu)t(du)˵x
2ĦΌt(du)˵擴Ќ(xi)挍(sh)(xi)w
̌W(xu)(zhn)䣺
ýw
̌W(xu)^(gu)̣
һ(do)n
1Ҷ֪tһں߅@ôһȺtB(nio)sĴ@ώ(li)һƬҁ(li)nʾ
2l(shu)һ(g)~(li)һ@Ƭ龰wP(pn) ۻy
3tB(nio)ʲô@Ĵ@@P(gun)@һ(g)挍(sh)Ĺ@҂Ҫ(li)һW(xu)(x)nġct(sh)n}
4^Xˡһ(g)ӵ^l(f)n@һλ˺ͺtһʮ
xn
1Ո(qng)ɶnһ茑(xi)˺ͺtĹr(sh)茑(xi)Щ(hu)
2̎(sh)ι Մͣ
҂@ӵķnĵ@x(sh)Сá
3Y(ji)Ϻڰʾf(shu)f(shu)nҪvʲôһ(g)˺ͺtʮ(dng)ȥt˵zǰw Q У
4@҂f(shu)xҪڲnеҪϢ@ӾͿL(zhng)nx̣(j)ҵ҂nķ֞ɴһ(xi)ιQՄtڶ־͌(xi)t
Ʒx
1zĵطl(f)ʲôʲô(hu)l(f)@벻Ո(qng)Ү(hu)P(gun)ľм(x)xxڕ(sh)ϵĿհ̎(xi)Լw(hu)СMͬW(xu)
1벻l(f)ˡ
2tٵȄ(dng)
3C(dng)
4(dng)҂òzĕr(sh)ɂ(g)䡱Qɡȡ(du)x
ô벻ķ(hu)ǽ˵ֻ@Ƭ䘷(l)xľԒ
2ʲô(hu)l(f)@벻҂͑(yng)ԓM(jn)˵ǰ~Z(y)w(hu)ˌ(du)tH˵P(gun)(i)
3vw(hu)
SһͨݹЅǑc1995Ԫÿ²ֻ308ԪݹYһ(g)z^һϡ һc(din)̲˾һDā(li)5ëX(qin)Ĺ܇(ch)ߵﶼ(jin)·ֻ2ëX(qin)I(mi)ɳ㟟(j)f(shu)ȥ˂c(din)zl(f)F(xin)ֵX(qin)ļҮ(dng)Ҳֻ6(g)uҲ(zhn)otɶϣ
5ct̎ʮһS˵Ĺ°l(f)һ(xi)(li)
A
ͬW(xu)ÿһN֮gĻP(gun)(i)ںtһh(yun)ӛס@λͨ҂Ҳh(yun)ӛס@λƽ˺@Ⱥøжĺt
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