Unit1 Getting along with others 語言點講義
第一部分 詞匯學習
1. get long 相處；進展；過活
How are you getting along/on with your work? 你的工作進展得怎么樣？
Jack is easy-going and everyone likes to ____ _____ ____ him. 杰克是個隨和的人，大家都喜歡和他相處。
______________________________________________? 這些年過得怎么樣？
get through 做完；通過（考試）；看完，度過，用完；（電話）接通
We’d better ______ _______ the things at hand ___ ______ ___ _________.
我們最好盡快把手頭的事情做完。
To everyone’s relief，_________________________________________.
令大家寬慰的是，我們都通過了數(shù)學考試。
I must get through the book before Saturday. 我必須在星期六之前看完這本書。
_____________________________________________. 我試著給父母打電話，但是接不通。
Her friends helped her to get through the first awful weeks after Bill died.
_________________________________________________。
歸納：get across _____________
get about 走動；（消息等）傳開
get away ______________
get back 回來，回到；取回，恢復
get down 從….下來，記下
get down to _______________
get into 卷入，進入
get off 從….下來；動身，出發(fā)
get on 登上；（with）與….相處
get out 逃走；（消息的）泄露；出版，發(fā)表
get over ________________________________
get together 聚集，集合
get up 起立，起床
get rid of ____________________
2. admit vt.& vi 準許進入；容納；容許；承認
Luckily, he ____ _________ _______ a key university this year. 幸運的是，今年他被一所重點大學錄取。
The cinema admits about 3000 audience. 這家電影院可容納大約3000名觀眾。
The rescue admits of no delay. 營救工作不容耽擱。
注意：我承認我的錯。（3種翻譯）
I admit my mistake.
I admit making a mistake.
I admit that I was wrong.
3. keep one’s word（＝keep one’s promise） 遵守諾言
break one’s word （＝break one’s promise）_________
give one’s word 許諾
eat one’s word 認錯，收回前言
in a/one word ___________
in other words ____________
in words 用語言
word for/by word 逐字逐句的
leave word 留言
get in a word 插話
have a word with ___________
have (a few) words with ___________________
Word came that ….. ___________
have/get/receive word that …… 收到….消息
4. forgive （forgave, forgiven）vt. 原諒，寬恕；赦免，免除
She forgave him and never argued with him. 她寬恕了他，以后再也不和他吵架了。
__________________________________. 請原諒他的粗魯。
Won’t you forgive me such a small debt? 請你免了我這么小小的一筆債好嗎？
辨析：forgive， excuse與pardon
excuse “原諒”，語氣較輕，后接過錯、疏忽或犯過失的人，常用與口語中。
Excuse me for getting in a word. 原諒我插話。
pardon “寬恕，赦免”之意，更側重于免除因犯罪而應付的責任或懲罰之意。普通用法中pardon me 與 excuse me 意義相仿。
forgive 該詞與pardon有時可以通用，但往往在免于懲罰和追究之外，還含有絲毫不帶怨恨之意。
When you grow up, you will know the truth and _________ me.
當你長大后，你將會知道真相并且原諒我。
After the revolution all political prisoners were _________.
革命后所有的政治犯都被赦免。
_______________ me for being late. 請原諒我來晚了。
5. focus vt.& vi. 集中注意力；聚焦；調焦距 n. 中心點；焦點，焦距
She always wants to be the focus of attention. 她老想成為人們關注的焦點。
All eyes were focused on the chairman. 大家的目光都集中在主席身上。
I have a camera with automatic focus. 我有一架自動對焦的照相機。
In class, you’d better _______ ________ _________ ____what the teacher says.
課堂上你要集中注意力老師所說的。
拓展：focus on/upon sth. 集中注意力在….
in focus 焦距對準；清晰的
out of focus 焦距沒對準；模糊的
come into focus （某物）輪廓明顯、清晰；（問題等）突出
bring….into focus 對好焦距；使變得清晰
6. as a result 結果；因此 （＝as a consequence）
He didn’t study hard. As a result, he failed to pass the exam.
他學習不努力。因此，沒能通過考試。
He ate some bad fruits. ___________, _____________. 他吃了些壞水果。因此，他病了。
比較：as a result of 由于….的原因；作為…..的結果
result from 因…..而引起 （＝be caused by）
result in 導致；致使 （＝lead to）
He was killed ______________________________. 他因車禍而身亡。
His failure _______ _______ ____ __________. 他的失敗是由于他的粗心造成的。
The workers fear that the company’s reorganization will result in layoffs.
工人們擔心公司的重組將會導致下崗。
拓展：表原因的短語
due to/ because of / thanks to/ owing to / as a consequence of
As a result of / Thanks to / Owing to / Because of the bad weather, the sports meeting has to be put off. 由于糟糕的天氣，運動會不得不延期。
7. mean 的一詞多義
（1）vt. 意欲，打算； 意味著，意思是；對…..當真
What do you mean by saying that? ______________________？
Missing the train means _______________________. 錯過火車意味著再等一個小時。
I meant to call on you, but I’m too busy. ___________________________________。
I said I would help you, and I meant it. _________________________________。
（2）adj. 刻薄的、卑鄙的、吝嗇的
The man __ _____ ______ _____ money. 那人對錢很吝嗇。
The stepmother __ _____ ______ ___ him. 繼母對他很刻薄。
拓展： meaning n. 意思 meaningful adj. 有意義的 meaningless adj. 沒意義的
means n. 方法，辦法；手段
8. stand vt. & vi. 容忍，忍耐；經(jīng)受，承擔；處于….的狀態(tài)
The color of the cloth won’t stand washing. 這種布的顏色不耐洗。
When I came in, the door stood open. 我進來時，門是開著的。
She can’t stand being teased in public. 她不能忍受在公共場所被人嘲笑。
拓展：stand out 突出，顯眼；引人注目
stand for 代表，代替；象征
stand by 站在一邊；支持某人
9. apologize vi. 道歉
apologize to sb. for sth./doing sth. ＝ make an apology to sb. for sth./ doing sth.
因某事而向某人道歉
I must _________ _____ giving so much trouble while I am here.
我在這期間給您添麻煩真事對不起。
He ______ ___ ________ ___ the teacher for his being late. 他因遲到而向老師道歉。
拓展：接受道歉 accept an/one’s apology
10. blame vt.& n. 責備，譴責；過錯
They blamed the failure on me. 他們把失敗歸咎于我。
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. ______________________________。
The car driver took the blame for the accident. ______________________________。
It is Jack, not I, that should ___ ___ ________. 是杰克，而不是我該受責備。
歸納：blame sb. for sth. 因某事而責備某人
blame sth. on/upon sb. 把責任歸咎于某人
be to blame 應受責備（不能說 to be blamed）
take the blame for 承擔….的責任
11. doubt vt. 懷疑，疑問； n. 懷疑，疑惑
There is no doubt that－clause 毫無疑問
There is no doubt about sth. 毫無疑問
There is some doubt whether-clause 對某事有些疑問
Doubt 作動詞用后接賓語從句時，肯定句中用whether或if 引導從句，在否定句和疑問句中用 that
There is no doubt ______ he will win the prize. 毫無疑問他會獲獎。
There is some doubt ________ he will come on time. 他是否能準時來還是疑問。
I don’t doubt ______ he is honest. 我不懷疑他是誠實的。
I doubt _________ we have enough food to go. 我懷疑我們是否有足夠的食物去維持。
Do you doubt ______ he will give us a hand? 你懷疑他能否給我們幫助？
拓展：without doubt 無疑地
in doubt （about） 不確定
no doubt （that） 無疑
12. embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尷尬；使局促不安
What he said made me very __________ at once. 他說的立刻使我很尷尬。
He was embarrassed by debts. 債務使他局促不安。
Meeting adults embarrassed the shy child. _____________________________。
拓展： embarrassment n. 困窘；尷尬
embarrassed adj. 難堪的，尷尬的
embarrassing adj. 令人難堪的，使人尷尬的
13. strength n. 力量，力氣；實力
拓展：strong adj. 強壯的，堅固的
strengthen v. 加強，鞏固
辨析：power 指權力、職權；電力、功率；大國、強國
energy 指能量、精力
force 指武力、暴力、軍力
strength 指體力、強度、力量
To help you will be outside my ______. 幫你將超出我的職權范圍。
He is a man full of ______. 他是一個精力充沛的人。
He regained his _______ and stood up. 他重新聚力站了起來。
In 1998, he joined the air ______. 1998年他加入了空軍。
14. persuade vt. 勸說；使相信；說服
At last, I persuaded him to give up smoking. 我終于說服他戒煙了。
How can we persuade them into accepting our views?
___________________________________？
Can you persuade him out of the foolish plan? _________________________？
She persuaded me of her ability. _______________________
The man persuaded the police that he was not guilty. 這個人使警察相信他是無罪的。
辨析：persuade 是成功地勸說某人做某事
advise 勸某人做不一定會成功
try to persuade 勸不一定成功
We ______ ___ ________ _____ ___ _____ ______, but he wouldn’t listen.
我們盡力地勸他努力學習，但是他不聽。
15. delay vt.& vi. 耽擱，拖延；推遲
n. 延緩，延遲；阻塞；拖延
The train was delayed five hours. 火車被延誤了五個小時。
After a delay of an hour, we started off again. 耽擱了一個小時之后，我們再次出發(fā)了。
It is your own fault to delay sending out these invitations. ___________________________。
The man couldn’t have been saved, if he hadn’t been sent to hospital without delay.
___________________________________________________。
拓展：delay doing sth. 耽擱做某事
without delay 毫不耽擱地；立刻
16. discourage vt. 阻止，勸阻；使灰心，使氣餒
拓展： courage n. 勇氣
encourage vt. 鼓勵
discouraged adj. 泄氣的
下列詞組都可表示“阻止某人做某事”
discourage/ prevent/ stop/ keep/ sb. from doing sth.
Don’t let one failure discourage you, try again.
不要因為一次的失敗而氣餒，再試一次。
When you meet with any difficulty in life, ______ ___ __________.
生活中遇到什么困難時，別灰心。
Parents should ________ ____ _______ _____ ________.
父母應該阻止他們的孩子抽煙。
17. suffer vt. 遭受，經(jīng)歷；vi. 受痛苦，受損失，患�。╢rom）
She _____ ________ ______ a headache. 她正經(jīng)受頭痛之苦。
The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
這個城市遭受地震的嚴重破壞。
Be careful, or our work will suffer. 細心一點，否則，我們的工作會受損失。
He cheered up again after suffering defeat. 遭受失敗后，他又重新振作起來。
18. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引 （常接液體、聲、熱、光線、雜質、知識等作賓語）
Dark surfaces absorb more heat from the sun. 深色的物體表面能從太陽吸收更多的熱量。
He is so clever that he can ______ ____ ________ _______ in class.
他很聰明，能夠在課堂上輕易地吸收知識。
absorbed adj. 專注的，全神貫注的 （和in搭配）
The boy sat there, absorbed in thought. 那個男孩坐在那里，沉思著。
The old man ____ _______ ___ the book. 老人全神貫注地讀這本書。
拓展：be absorbed by 被….吞并；被…..所吸收
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
第二部分 單元難點學習
1. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the test, saying loudly how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark. 考試之后，我的口氣聽上去想必很是自鳴得意，因為我嚷嚷著說那次考試是多么容易，還說我肯定能取得好成績。
（1）must have done 表示對過去的事情進行肯定推測，譯為“一定已……”
Mary must have some trouble; she keeps crying over there.
瑪麗肯定遇到了什么麻煩，她不停地在那兒哭泣。
His brother ________________________________. 他弟弟肯定把那本雜志帶走了。
另外，must 可以對現(xiàn)在進行肯定推測
_______________________, for the light is on. 燈亮著，他一定在家。
He must be sleeping now. 他現(xiàn)在一定在睡覺。
拓展：must 表示肯定推測，而could/may/might 所表示的推測可能性依次遞減。
According to the radio, it might/could rain this evening. 根據(jù)電臺的預報，今晚可能有雨。
He might/may have been punished by his parents yesterday.
他昨晚可能被他的父母懲罰了。
can 表示可能性時，只能用于否定句和疑問句。
What she said can’t be true. 她的話不可能是真的。
Who can it be over there? 那兒的人是誰？
（2） loudly adv. 大聲地，含有喧鬧、嘈雜之義
aloud adv. 出聲地，側重于讓人聽見之義，常和read，think，call，cry，speak連用
loud adv. 大聲地，聲音通常比較悅耳。Adj. 大聲的
（3）be sure to do 一定，務必。表示說話人的推測、判斷或提醒。
He is sure to succeed. 他一定會成功的。
Be sure to come tomorrow. 明天務必要來。
2. I was so upset that I felt like crying. 我傷心得想哭了。
feel like a. 感到想做，想要 （后接名詞、句子、動名詞）
b. 摸起來像
Do you _____________________? 你想喝杯茶嗎？
I don’t _____ _____ ______ ____. 我不想出去。
I feel like he has betrayed us 我覺得他已經(jīng)背叛我們了
The elephant felt like a snake. _______________________。
3. Afterwards, I went to the playground. I was determined to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. 后來，我去了操場。我決定要讓自己高興起來，但漢娜還是感到哪兒有些不對勁。
be determined to do sth. “下決心做某事，決定做某事”
He ____ _______ ___ _____ ____ _____ and serve the country. 他決定參軍報效祖國。
determined 還可以作形容詞，意思是“堅定的”，作定語。
Only a determined man can gain great success. ___________________________。
拓展：“下決心做某事的”表達方法有：
make up one’s mind(s) to do sth.
do what sb. can to do
do all that sb. can to do sth.
try one’s best to do
go all out to do sth.
4. Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. 昨天，我看到他和另外一個叫彼得的男生在說話，我禁不住想，他是不是希望彼得取代我，成為他最要好的朋友。
cannot help doing sth. 忍不住，情不自禁
Hearing the news, ____ _______ ____ ______ ____ 聽到這個消息，他情不自禁地哭起來。
He just can’t help it. He has to obey orders. ________________________________。
拓展：can’t help （to） do 不能幫忙做某事
can’t help but do sth. 忍不住，不得不
help sb. to do 幫助某人做某事
help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事
help sb. out 幫助某人擺脫困境
help oneself to sth. 隨便吃；自��；請便
with one’s help 在某人的幫助之下
be of help ＝ helpful 有用的，有幫助的
5. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship. 足球對我來說是很重要的，但友誼對我也同樣重要。
a. so + be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 ＋ 主語 表示前面一種肯定的情況也適用于后者，主語和謂語進行了倒裝。
I like English, __________________. 我喜歡英語，我兄弟也如此。
He can dance well, _______________. 他舞跳得不錯，瑪麗也如此。
b. so + 主語 ＋ be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 表示說話人對前面的一種情況進行確認，主語和謂語不倒裝。（前后句主語是同一人）
“ Tom hopes to be a teacher.” “So he does.” “ 湯姆希望當老師�！薄八_有此意�！�
--The film is very good. --So it is . 電影真不錯。的確是。
c. so it is/was (the same) with sb./sth. 該結構也表示前面的情況也適用于后者，但不同的是，上文可能有兩個分句或兩個（或以上）既有肯定也有否定的情況。
He likes English but he is not good at it. ___________________. 他喜歡英語但是并不擅長。杰克也如此。
YaoMing was born in Shanghai and has become an image of her. ___________________.
姚明出生于上海并且成為上海的形象大使。劉翔也是的。
6. I have no doubt he will succeed. Maybe one day he will make it to the Olympics! 我毫不懷疑他會成功。也許有一天他會在奧運會上有出色的表現(xiàn)！
a. I have no doubt that 相當于 There is no doubt that “對……毫不懷疑”
b. make it 意為“規(guī)定世間；做成；成功；趕到；”
-- Can we catch the train? -- I hope we can make it.
我們能趕上火車嗎？希望來得及。
-- What about Sunday? -- OK, let’s make it.
星期天怎么樣？好的，就定這天。
When he made it to school, the class had begun. _____________________________。
7. When asked they usually hesitate before responding, “ My best friend? ……”
當問及這個問題的時候，他們往往在回答之前都要猶豫一下，“我最好的朋友？……”
句中when asked ＝ When they are asked 當狀語從句中的主語和主句的主語一致且后有be動詞，則主語和be動詞可以省略。
_______ ________, water can be changed into steam. 當水加熱時，它會變成水蒸氣。
I won’t go to the party ______ _______. 除非被邀請，要不然我不去參加這個舞會。
The word can be left out if ____ __ ____ ____. 如果這個詞第二次使用，它可以被省略。
8. We have been friends ever since.
ever since a. 作副詞，意為“從……之后一直”，和現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
He moved here in 1998 and he’s been here ever since.
他1998年搬到這兒，之后一直住這兒。
b. 作連詞，意為“從……以來一直”，也和現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
I_____ _______ her ever since she was a child.
打從孩子起我就認識她了。
Part A 單項填空：
1. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _____________. (05全國)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
2. ――The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
―― Oh, dear! She ____________ a lot of difficulties! (05江蘇)
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
3. ―― Is Bob still performing?
―― I’m afraid not. He is said _____________ the stage already as he has become an official. (05江蘇)
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to be left
4. ―― The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.
―― Don’t worry. We have already ______ two thirds of it. （06四川）
A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away
5. ―― There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
―― My goodness! I can’t imagine ___________ that old. (06 江蘇)
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
6. Who is _________ the fire?
A. to blame for starting B. to blame to start
C. to be blamed for starting D. to be blamed to start
7. Next came a horse, swimming bravely, but we were afraid that the ____________ of the current (水流) would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted.(疲憊的)
A. power B. force C. strength D. energy
8. ________ I entered the room he was __________ in his book and didn’t notice me.
A. When; devoted B. While; deep C. When; absorbed D. While, puzzled
9. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ___________ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (04上海)
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
10. There is no doubt ___________ he’s an honest boy, so there is no doubt _______ his honesty.
A. whether; for B. that; of C. what; about D. why; of
Part B 詞匯練習：
1. Due to the bad weather, we had to d_______________ the sports meeting.
2. I tried to d______________ him to give up smoking, but I failed.
3. He is hard to deal with because he is as s_____________ as a donkey.
4. I have no d________________ that he will win the first prize.
5. Don’t feel a________________ about her safety.
6. Some students have wrong a____________ towards study.
7. He listened with a p_____________ look on his face because he couldn’t understand it.
8. She is s_____________ from stomachache now.
9. He decided to help me without any h__________________.
10. The products from this company are sold w______________.