Welcome to the unit:
1. Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.
科學(xué)發(fā)展如此之快，以致于超出了我們的想像。
beyond prep. （表范圍）越出（某事物）范圍;超越:
（表位置）在或向（某物）的遠處:
*beyond one’s power________________
*beyond praise _________________
*be beyond sb. _________________
①自行車沒法修理了。____________________r.
②We can’t see anything beyond the river because of the fog.
__________________________________
③ The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is _________ description.
A. with B. in C. beyond D. on
Reading: The perfect copy
1. A recent announcement by scientists that …
announcement n. 宣告，通告
*make an announcement
announce v.宣布; 宣告; 發(fā)表
*announce sth. (to sb.)
*announce (to sb.)that
①She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience.
_____________________________________________________________
②宣布比賽什麼時候開始了嗎?
_____________________________________________--
比較declare v. 正式宣布（某事）; 表明:
declare sth./that/ sb. (to be)
① declare `war (on/against sb) _____________
② declare the meeting open/closed ___________________
③ She was declared (to be) guilty. _____________
2. …h(huán)as caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world.
shock v [尤用於被動語態(tài)] 使（某人）震驚;
*sth. shock sb.
*sb. be shocked at/by sth./ to do
*sth. be shocking 令人震驚的
① He was quite ________ to hear the __________ news.
② 她所說的真的讓我很震驚。
_________________________________/
_________________________________
n. [C] 震驚; 震駭; 驚愕; 強烈的沖擊或震動
①I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground.
_______________________________________
②聽說他的病很嚴重, 我吃了一驚.
________________________________________
3. On the other hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo…
on the one hand, on the other (hand) 一方面，另一方面
我不想去那里。 一方面因為我沒時間，另一方面我沒錢。
___________________________________________________________
與hand 有關(guān)的短語：
give/lend sb. a hand __________________ by hand___________
hand in hand ________________ at hand ___________
hand in ______________ hand over ... to… _________
hand out _____________ hand sth down …to __________
hand on… to sb. __________________________
point out __________
point at/to point … at
make a point _____________ to the point __________
be on the point of doing ________________
There is no point in doing ________________
off the point _________________
4. …if mankind interferes with nature in this way…
interfere v.
*interfere (in sth); ~ (between sb and sb)干涉; 介入; 干預(yù):
*interfere with sb/sth. 干擾或妨礙某人/某事
①他工作的時候不要打攪他.
_________________________________________
②Don't interfere in matters that do not concern you!
_______________________________________
Translation:
I advise you not to interfere in his affairs.
____________________________________
交通噪音干擾了我的睡眠。
________________________________________
n. interfere vi. 干涉，干預(yù)
5. …on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.
On the way to doing sth 即將做
by the way ____________ by way of_________
in a way _______________ in the (one’s)way ____________
in this way _______________ on one’s (the ) way to…._____________
① The tree is ____ the way. We must chop it down.
② He is _____ the way to becoming a good lawyer.
③ I’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a storm might be ____ its way.
④ The work is well done ____ a way.
6. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
1) praise vt/vi/n 表揚，贊揚，表彰
praise sb for sth
in praise of 極力贊美，稱贊
sing high praise for 高度贊揚
2） `breakthrough n 防線;重大的發(fā)展, 發(fā)現(xiàn), 突破（尤指科學(xué)知識方面）:
a major breakthrough in cancer research _______________________
a breakthrough in negotiations _________________________
break through有重要創(chuàng)見; 突破
Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
_____________________________________________________________
More phrases related to break:
break up 瓦解，解散，崩潰，打碎，分開
break down （因機械﹑ 電力等故障）停止運轉(zhuǎn), 失靈；分解（改變某物的化學(xué)成分）；（身體）垮掉
break away (from sb/sth)突然逃脫, 掙脫（束縛）
break in強行闖入/break into…強行闖入某地
break out （指激烈事件）突然發(fā)生
Ex.（1）Scientists say they are beginning to _____________ in the fight against cancer.
(2) Fire __________t during the night.
(3) They decided to ___________ the partnership.
(4)Her health ____________ under the pressure of work.
(5)When he returned home, he found his house __________.
(6)The prisoner ____________ his guards.
7. His intention has never been to create copies of humans.
Intention n. [C, U]意圖; 意向; 目的; 打算
*have intention of doing sth/to do/ that...有…打算
*With the intention of 有…打算
*have every intention of …一心想…
intend to do/plan to do/mean to do 打算做…
be intended/meant/designed for sb./to do sth
intentional prep.故意的， intentionally adv. 故意地
Practice:
① I came with the/every intention of staying, but now I've decided to leave.
_______________________________________________________
② 她不是要故意傷害你。
__________________________________
③ The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, though.
A. had intended B. intended C. intend D. to intend
④ Those flowers were ______ for your mother on her fiftieth birthday.
A. devoted B. produced C. intended D supplied
⑤ The street in our village ______ heavy trucks.
A. never intended for B. never intend to
C. is never intended for D. is never intending for
8. desperate 1)拚命的; 不顧一切的:絕望的，不顧一切的
2) 極需要（某事物[做某事]）be desperate for sth./ to do sth. 非常渴望
①為了救小女兒他急需錢
He was _____ _____money to save his little daughter.
②我非常想見到經(jīng)理并告訴他這個好消息。
I_____ _______ _____ _______the manager and tell him the good news.
③ 當他丟了所有的錢時，他絕望了。
________________________________________
Adv. desperately 拚命; 不顧一切; 不顧死活
9.If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby tomorrow.
本句為if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句，敘述與將來事實相反。
if 引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句
（1） 敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 從句用：v-ed/were
（2） 敘述與過去事實相反，主句用：would/should/could/might have done, if 從句用：had done
（3） 敘述與將來事實相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 從句用：v-ed/should do/were to do.
①If I ____ (have)time, I would _____ (go) to see her next week.
②He would _______(pass) the test if he _______(listen)to the teacher attentively.
③If you _____(tell) me earlier, I would _____(know) the news now.
★注意:（1）條件句中有were, had, should時，可把if省略，而把were, had, should 放在主語前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
（2）有時，主句與從句的動作發(fā)生時間不一致，主句的動詞和從句的動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選擇適當?shù)膭釉~形式。
④ ______ the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation.
A. Would B. Should C. Might D. Could
⑤What could have happened _____ , as far as the river bank.
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C.had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
⑥If you were to do it, the result _____ different.
⑦Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B said C might say D. might have said
10.Some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.
deliver v. (1)助產(chǎn); 接生
(2) 遞送, 傳送（信件﹑ 包裹﹑ 貨物等）
(3)授（課）; 講（話）
deliver a baby –be delivered of 生下孩子
deliver a message 帶話，傳話
deliver a speech at a meeting 在會上講話
deliver sth (over) to sb. 把…交付給某人
①Her baby was delivered by her own doctor.
____________________________________
②你把我的信息傳給我父親了嗎?
_________________________________________
③她生了一個健康的男嬰。
_________________________________________
11. … research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
benefit *vt. benefit sb. 使（某人[某事物]）受益;
*vi benefit from/by sth從…得益 .
* n. 利益，好處 for the benefit of sb.=for sb.’s benefit 為了某人的利益
be of benefit 大有好處
*beneficial adj. 有好處的，有幫助的
be beneficial to sb./sth.
①These facilities have benefited the whole town.
_________________________________
②新規(guī)章將使所有相關(guān)人員受益。
The new rules will be_____ ______ ______ everyone. / _________ _______.
③他雖有體驗卻無長進.
He hasn’t_______ _______ his previous experience.
④別為我費功夫。
___________________________________________
12. … or even a superman race that could one day end up replacing us.
end up 以…告終
△end up + adj/doing/prep/
①最終他不得不向父親道歉。
At last, he had to______ ______ _______ to his father.
②如果他繼續(xù)這樣開車，總有一天會送命的。
If he carries on driving like this, he’ll _____ ______ ______.
③If you go on like this, you’ll _______________.
end in sth 以…結(jié)尾，以…告終
come to an end 告終，結(jié)束
bring sth to an end 使…結(jié)束
from beginning to end 從頭到尾
13. comment n&v. 評論，注釋, 解釋;
Comment on/upon
make/ have comment(s) on/upon
①對于這本書他作了若干評論。
__________________________________
②This is the first draft of the book, please feel perfectly free to comment on it.
______________________________________________________________
14.I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic.
advance n. 前進，進步；改進，改善
vt/vi.(使)前進，(使)進步，（使）增進
in advance 預(yù)先，事先
pay in advance ___________
stop the enemy’s advance _______________
recent advances in medical science _____________________
① Our troops have advanced two miles. ________________________________
② 本世紀文明有所進步嗎? _________________________________________
advanced adj. 先進的，高等的
advanced workers 先進工作者
advanced maths 高等數(shù)學(xué)
Other phrases in Reading
1. make an announcement recently 最近宣布
2. cause/contribute to/lead to/ result in much anxiety 導(dǎo)致/引起焦慮
3. on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
4. point out one’s fault 指出某人的過錯
5. interfere with nature 干涉自然
6. on one’s way to doing 離…不遠了
7. the first mammal to be cloned 將被克隆的第一例哺乳動物
8. at a much younger age
9. in general=generally
10. scientific breakthrough 科學(xué)突破
11. concentrate/focus efforts on 集中在…上_
12. with the intention of destroying them 帶著摧毀它們的企圖
13. show no respect for .對…表示不敬
14. cause a lot of anxiety 引起很多不安
15. be desperate to do 拼命要做
16. push ahead with the significant policy
17. be genetically related to…一般與…有關(guān)
18. push ahead with 推進
19. deliver a baby 接生(一個孩子)
20. benefit mankind 造福人類
21. be faced with a desperate situation 面臨絕境
22. deliver supplies to flooded villagers 為受災(zāi)的村民們遞送供給物
23. succeed in dealing with the consequences成功地處理了這些結(jié)果
24. benefit mankind enormously
25. be totally immoral to do…是絕對不道德的
26. end up replacing …最終替代了…
27. be delighted to do 很高興做…
28. use up Earth’s resources 耗盡地球資源
29. comment on/make comment on 評論
30. in complete agreement with 與…完全一致
31. challenge questions of morality for centuries 質(zhì)疑道德問題好多世紀
32. on a personal note 就個人而言
33. die of heart failure 死于心臟衰竭
34. have no concept of cloning 對克隆一無所知
35. have no right to go against nature 無權(quán)違背自然
36. put … in place 把…放置好
37. take away his license 沒收他的執(zhí)照
38. declare cloning humans illegal 宣布克隆人類違法
Word Power
1. It’s uncertain whether they’ll ever succeed totally.
Whether 為_______從句，it 為形式主語。
be uncertain of/about//wh- to do 從句
sb. be certain / sure about/of sth/that…
sb. be certain /sure to do 某人一定會做
It’s certain/uncertain that… 確信/不確信
( ) Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ______ if a mirror is broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to strike D. was sure to struck
( ) Wait till you are more _____. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied
( ) –Have you heard that Susan has been appointed Director of the English Department?
--After working so hard for so many years, ____.
A. she surely welcomes it. B. she certainly deserves it
C. she is welcome to it D. it’s a good news.
2. be made up of 由…組成
make up 組成，構(gòu)成，化妝
be made of/from 由…制成
be made into 被制成（成品）
make the most of 充分利用=make the best of/make full use of
make up for…彌補（the lost time）
( ) 1. The good service at the hotel _____ the poor food to some extent.
A. got rid of B. got on with
C. made up for D. made up of
( ) 2. It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly ____ rice and vegetables. Do you like the one ____
A. consisting of; made of B. made up for; consisting of
C. made from, made of D. consisting in, consisting of
Phrases:
be opposed to +n/doing 反對
fight a hopeless battle against…
advanced technology
compare one’s body to one’s school life
A be similar to B in sth
newly found knowledge
security guards
Grammar and Task
1.figure sb/sth out 理解某人[某事物]; 弄明白，計算出
①I can’t figure out how to do this. ___________________________________
②旅行要花多少錢你算出來了嗎？
___________________________________________
figure on (sb./sth) doing 計劃，預(yù)料到
n. 數(shù)字，圖表，畫像，身材, 體態(tài)
have a head for figures________________
have a good figure___________________
2. judgement n. pass /give judgement on sb. 對某人判決
Judge v.. He will act as a judge at the singing competition._________________________
v. 判斷，認為，估計，斷定
He was judged to be guilty. ________________________
We judge it no use trying again. _____________________________
Judge by/ from -- 根據(jù)---來判斷
不要以貌取人_____________________________________________
Judging from/by her dress, she may be an actress.
3. involve vt 包括, 包含, 牽涉, 牽連（某人[某事物]）
involve sb/sth in (doing) sth (1)使某人[某事物]參與某活動或陷入某情況
(2)使某人[某事物]陷入（困境）
Sb. be involved in sth 某人熱衷于…專心于，參與…
①Don't involve me in solving your problems!
____________________________________
② 他參與了一場激烈的爭論。
_______________________________________
③她專心于解答一道難題。
________________________________________
④_________in his work, he didn’t notice the time.
A. Involving B. Having involved
C. Involved D. Being involved
4.behave vt 舉動，表現(xiàn)； behavior n. 舉止，行為
behave well /badly (towards sb)（ 對某人）表現(xiàn)好/不好
Do behave! 規(guī)矩點！
behave oneself （某人）規(guī)矩點，老實點
①父親讓這個調(diào)皮的孩子在客人面前規(guī)矩點。
___________________________________________________
②聚會上他表現(xiàn)很好。_______________________________
5. majority n. 多數(shù)，多半
a/ the majority of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式
可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式
the majority 作主語，謂語動詞單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)均可
in a /the majority 占大多數(shù)
①多數(shù)人贊成這個計劃。_________________________________
②The proposal was passed by a majority of 66. ______________________________
( )③Don’t worry about the situation in the world. ______ of people prefer peace to war.
A. The most B. The great part C. The majority D. The number
( ) ④ She was elected by _____ majority of 35 ____ other candidates.
A. /, over B. a, to C. a, over D. /, to
6. conclude vi&vt 總結(jié)，下結(jié)論，結(jié)束
conclusion n. 結(jié)論
*conclude st with sth 以…結(jié)束某事
*conclude sth with sb. 跟某人達成…
*to conclude / in conclusion （插入語）最后
*bring sth to conclusion = bring sth to an end
*draw/ come to/ reach a conclusion that… 得出結(jié)論
①The meeting concluded at 8 o’clock. ___________________
②他匆忙結(jié)束了他的演講
He________________________in a hurry.
③He ___________ that the plan was not workable.
His ___________ is that the plan was not workable.
He _____ ______ _______that the plan was not workable.
6. urge vt 催促，力勸；強烈要求，主張
urgent prep. 緊急的，緊迫的
urge sb. to do sth / urge sb into doing 力勸某人做某事
urge that sb. should do 強烈要求某人做某事
urge against 強烈反對
It is /was urged that.. (should) 有人主張…
in urgent need 急需
① The class are discussing a newspaper editorial that ____ citizens to help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.
A. ordered B. demanded C. promised D. urged
②Teachers urged us that we _____ our heart into our study.
A. put B. would put C. will put D. putting
③她強烈主張通過保護野生動物的法律。
He ______ that law to protect wild animals ___________.
7. seek vt. 征求，尋求；探索，探尋(sought-sought)
seek after /for sth 尋找，追求
seek sth from sb 向某人尋求某事
seek help/ advice /information 請求幫助/征求意見/尋求信息
seek one’s fortune 碰運氣，尋求致富/成功之道
seek sb./sth. out 找出或找到某人/某物
① He spent many years _________ his fortune in Shanghai
② He tried every means to ______________ the princess.
③ 如果你有問題，可以請他幫忙。
______________________________________________
8. advocate v 擁護; 提倡; 支持 n. 支持者, 擁護者,提倡者 advocate sth/doing/
①He advocates reducing military spending. _______________________
②你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎
______________________________________
an advocate of environmental preservation
____________________________________
9. alternative n 可供選擇的辦法或事物，adj. 可供選擇的
*have no alternative but do=have no choice but to do
①You have the alternative of marrying or remaining single.
________________________________________________
②他被當場抓住, 除了招供別無出路.
Caught in the act, he _________________________.
③你可以在坐車和步行中選擇一種。
You ______________________ or walking.
10．resistant adj. 抵抗的; 對抗的; 抗拒的; 有阻力的
be resistant to sth. (pests, reforms, viruses…)
與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞
Water-/heat-/rust-resistant 防水/隔熱/防銹
resist v. 抵抗; 對抗 ;不受（某事物）的損害或影響; 抗; 耐
resist an attack/an enemy/arrest_________________
resist the temptation of 抵制…誘惑
Other phrases:
an the field of science 在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域
a challenging profession 具有挑戰(zhàn)的職業(yè)
figure out all the mysteries 弄明白所有的難解之謎
have/ make a breakthrough 取得突破
be cautious of/ about …謹慎，小心
look the same as 看上去和…一樣
on one’s part 就某人而言
recent advances in …在…方面的新進展
get/ be bored with/ be tired of 對…厭倦
be burnt out 累垮
natural food 天然食品
thoughts on the topic 對話題的看法
in reply to 對… 答復(fù)
in response to 對…回答/響應(yīng)
be totally immoral 完全不道德
follow in one’s footsteps 步…后塵，效法某人
conduct a survey 開展調(diào)查
to conclude 最后
seek the opinions of sb. 征求某人的意見
have a longer shelf life 保質(zhì)期更長
concerns over the safety of GM food 對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的關(guān)注
make crops resistant to pests 使作物抗蟲害
be limited to increasing production profits 局限于越來越多的生產(chǎn)利潤
be proved safe 證明安全的
Project Having a debate
1. We further damage Earth by constructing new water channels for shipping…
construct vt. 建筑, 建造（某物）; 構(gòu)成; 形成
construction n.施工; 建設(shè); 建造物;構(gòu)造物;
constructive adj.有建設(shè)性的，有幫助的
under construction 正在修建
①They are planning to construct a bridge over the river.
_____________________________________________
②新鐵路正在建造中。
_____________________________________________
3. Would anyone say that economic development should be stopped in favor of nature?
in favor of 支持， 贊同
in one’s favor=to the advantage of sb. 對某人有利
favor n. 恩惠，善意，支持；贊同，好感，
vt. 對…表示好感，支持，贊同，偏愛
ask a favor of sb. _________________________
do sb a favor =do a favor for sb=give sb a hand
win one’s favour ________________________
( ) ①Will you do me _____ to translate this sentence into English?
A. the favor B. a favor C. a help D. a hand
②兩院一致投票贊成這項決定
Both Houses voted unanimously __________________________
③Fortune favors the brave._______________________________
4. Other people argue that such thinking may spell disaster…
argue with sb about/ over sth _____________________
argue for/ against sth __________________________
argue that…主張
argue sb. into/ out of doing sth _________________
spell vt. pt, pp spelled-spelled or spelt-spelt
(a)（用字母）拼（某字）; 拼寫;正確地拼（字）
(b) 招致（某事物）; 意味著
①How do you spell your name? _______
②The failure of their crops spelt disaster for farmers.
__________________________________________
n. [c] 咒語; 咒; 符咒
5. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast rate.
rate n. 比率; 率, 速度; 進度, 價格，費用；
the rate of finished products 成品率
be sold at a high rate 以高價出售
postal rates 郵費
① He works at a high rate. __________________________
② He is walking at a ___ of 4 kilometers an hour.
A. distance B. rate C. road D. difference
③火車正以每小時80公里的速度前進。
____________________________________________
6. Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when they damage the environment.
Turn out 結(jié)果證明
Sb./sth. turn out (to be) + adj./ n =It turns/turned out that…
① If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.
_____________________________________________________
② The rumor turned out to be true.
→It turned out that the rumor was true.
turn over __________________ turn into __________
turn down __________________ turn up ________________________
turn to_____________________ turn against ___________________
turn round/around _____________ turn away ____________________
turn n. 轉(zhuǎn)變，變化，輪流，輪班
by turns __________________ in turn ___________________
It’s one’s turn to do sth _________________________
take turns to do _____________________
Practice:
③ The performance supposed to be popular ____ to be a great disappointment after it was over.
A. turned up B. turned down C. turned out D. turned over
④ None of us expected the chairman to ____ at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.
A. turn in B. turn over C. turn up D. turn down
⑤When he was in trouble, there was no one that he could ____
A. ask for B. refer to C. turn to D. look for
⑥ The weather report says it will _____ cold tomorrow.
A. turn up B. turn out C. turn on D. turn in
⑦A cold wind began to blow and he _____ his collar to keep out the cold.
A. turned down B. turned off C. turned over D. turned up
⑧-Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else ____, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
⑨If you miss your ____, you’ll have to wait another round.
A. turn B. chance C. luck D opportunity
7. He must have been working too hard to notice.
must用于對現(xiàn)在或過去的情況進行推測，語氣比較強烈，也可用may/might替代。其在否
定句和疑問句中的替代詞是can.
be + n./adj. 或do You must like beer very much, _________ ?
（一般現(xiàn)在時） You must be tired, _________ ?
You wear a pair of glasses, you must be a student, ______?
must be doing
（現(xiàn)在） （現(xiàn)在進行時） The light in the office is still on, Mr. Xu must be preparing
lessons, ________ ?
have done Tom is watching TV, and he must have finished homework,
（現(xiàn)在完成時） ___________?
have been +n/adj. You must have been very tired then after such a long trip,
_______ ?
或have done The ground is wet, it must have rained last night, ____ _?
（一般過去時）
must have been doing -I tried to call you at 8:00 last night, but I couldn’t get
through.
（過去） （過去進行時） -Oh, someone must have been using the telephone.
have done -When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
（過去完成時， -I suppose it must have begun 30 minutes before,_______ ?
同一般過去時）
① He _ the meeting yesterday afternoon, as he was at home looking after his sick child.
A. mustn’t have attended B. couldn’t have attended
C. shouldn’t have attended D. needn’t have attended
② How ______he have finished such heavy work within one day?
A. must B. should C. could D. need
Phrases in the project
overdevelop Earth’s resources 過度開發(fā)地球資源
construct new water channels 建造新的水渠
in this way 這樣，以這種方式
be good for sb. 對某人有好處
in favor of nature 贊成支持自然
from the point of view of sb. =from sb’s point of view 在某人看來
meet/satisfy one’s needs/ demands/ requirements 滿足某人的需求
meet the everyday needs of sb. 滿足某人的日常需求
spell disaster 遭致災(zāi)難
in our relationship with nature 我們與自然的關(guān)系
at a fast rate 快速
be blamed for sth/ doing 應(yīng)…而受指責
hundreds of thousands of 幾十萬，無數(shù)
without the environment around them suffering 他們周圍的環(huán)境不遭殃
a question of humans winning and nature losing 人類獲勝自然失敗的問題
It’s mankind’s responsibility to find solutions…找到…解決方案是人類的責任
leave a lasting impression 留下持久的印象
Sb come up with sth某人想到某主意---sth come up