王青
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語（5）
secretary n. 秘書
nervous adj. 精神緊張的
afford v. 負擔得起
weak adj. 弱的
interrupt v. 插話，打斷
★secretary n. 秘書
兩種發(fā)音，同樣還有history也是兩種發(fā)音
secret n. 秘密（注意發(fā)音與secretary的不同）
★nervous adj. 精神緊張的
① adj. 神經質的，神經緊張的
She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?
② 緊張的，擔心的，情緒不安的
He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.
nervous adj. 精神緊張的（事情發(fā)生時）
worried adj. 擔心的（為以后的事情）
upset adj. 不安的 (對以前的事情)
irritable adj. 易怒的，急躁的
Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.
★afford v. 負擔得起
① vt. 買得起（常與can/can’t 連用）
afford sth.
I can afford the coat.
② vt. 擔負得起（損失、后果等），花得起（時間）（常與can/can’t 連用）
afford money/time
I can afford the hoilday. (有時間去)
I can afford five yuan.
I can only afford one week for the trip.
afford to do sth.
I can’t afford to be ill again. 我不能再病了。
I can afford to buy the book.
③ vt. 提供，給予
Joe afforded us a room for the night.
★interrupt v. 插話, 打斷
interrupt v. 打斷某人的話
disturb v. 打擾某人
Sorry to disturb you.
interruption n. 中斷，打斷
【Text】
The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He
did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me
that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had
come.
'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.
'Don't interrupt,' he said.
Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
參考譯文
秘書告訴我說哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我. 我走進他的辦公室, 感到非常緊張. 我進去的時候, 他連頭也沒
抬. 待我坐下后, 他說生意非常不景氣. 他還告訴我, 公司支付不起這么龐大的工資開支, 有20 個人已經
離去. 我知道這次該輪到我了.
“哈姆斯沃斯先生, “我無力地說.
“不要打斷我的話, “他說.
然后他微笑了一下告訴我說, 我每年將得到1,000 英鎊的額外收入.
【課文講解】
1、The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.
would在這里不是表示單純的過去將來時，而是表示“想……”、“要……”的意思：
What would you like to have?
John wouldn’t lend me his bicycle.
2、He did not look up from his desk when I entered.
look up 表示原先在埋頭干什么，之后抬頭看
He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise.
look down 往地上看（look up 的反義詞）
look down upon/on sb. 瞧不起某人
I look down upon my sister.
3、After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.
Business is very good! 生意好!
4、He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
collect salary 領薪水
pay salary 支付薪水
large一般指東西的數量大
so的后面加形容詞或副詞；such的后面加名詞, 容許在該名詞前面加修飾詞
5、I knew that my turn had come.
turn n. 輪流，輪班，（依次輪流時各自的）一次機會
My turn has come.
It is my turn. 輪到我了(口語常用形式)
When his turn came, he couldn’t speak any word.
6、'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.
in a … voice 用……的聲音
in a loud(大聲)/low (低聲)/weak(強調心里不踏實)/strong(理直氣壯) voice
7、Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
以下幾個詞都可表示“再, 又” 的意思, 注意用法:
① an extra thousand(作名詞看)
數量+extra+名詞再有多少
On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.
Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.
② two others = two other +名詞
③ two more
Give me two extra/other/more books. 再給我兩本書。
once more: 再一次
④ another three days 另外三天（只_____有another 的數詞在后面）
【Key structures】
間接引語
把某人所說的話告訴另外一個人時，應該使用間接引語。間接陳述句的時態(tài)往往受引述動詞的影響。
引述陳述句時最常用的動詞是say和tell，tell后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓語（tell sb.），而say后面則可
跟或不跟to+講話對象。
1、主從一致: 主句和從句的時態(tài)一致
① 主句的動詞為一般現在時, 從句為任意時態(tài)
② 主句的動詞為一般過去時, 從句為相對應的過去時態(tài)（時態(tài)倒移）
一般現在時--> 一般過去時現在進行時--> 過去進行時
現在完成時--> 過去完成時將來完成時--> 過去將來完成時
一般過去時--> 過去完成時
2、人稱變化：主要是第一和第二人稱變化
3、只要屬于賓語從句, 引導詞that 可以省略
【Special Difficulties】
Nervous and Irritable
nervous adj. 緊張不安的
Examinations make me nervous.
irritable adj. 易怒的
He is such an irritable person, you can hardly speak to him.
他這個人如此容易發(fā)怒，你簡直沒有辦法與他講話。
Office, Study, Desk
office n. 辦公室
study n. 書房
I often read in the study when I want peace and quiet.
desk n. 課桌
Exercises
1 We shall use the spare room in our new house as a ______ .
study
5 Since his illness he has been very ______ . He is always losing his temper.
irritable
Since his illness=> 自從他生了病（since +名詞）
【Multiple choice questions】
6 ___d___ turn is it? It's your turn.
a. Which b. To whom c. Who d. Whose
My turn has come.(書面語)/It is my turn.(口語)
Whose turn (is it)?/who is next? 輪到誰，誰是下一個？
10 It's your turn ___c___ .
a.It's your line b.It's your row c.You're next d.It's your chance
It's your turn. You're next.
12 The writer would receive an extra ￡1,000 a year. He would get ￡1,000 a year ___b___ .
a. less b. more c. over d. up
more可以放數詞和名詞之間, 甚至可以放在整個名詞的后面two more eggs,once more；extra和other 一
定放在數詞和名詞之間, another 一定放在數詞前面
over sth. 超過(多余)什么東西
over three years
up adv. 往上
climb up
【語法精粹】
間接引語：如果是現在進行時在直接引語當中變成間接引語, 極有可能選用過去完成時
1.My brother__Ａ__while he____his bicycle and hurt himself.
A.fell/was riding B.feel/was riding
C.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/was riding
fell(跌下來),ride(騎自行車)
2.He__ C __his leg as he_____in a football match.
A.broke/played B.was breaking/was playing
C.broke/was playing D.was breaking/played
break one's leg
3.My father will be here tomorrow.
I thought that he__ A __today.
A.was coming B.is coming C.will come D.comes
be coming表示將要
跟 go，come，leave，arrive 相連的詞一定會用進行時態(tài)表示將來時態(tài)，它們過去進行時態(tài)很有可能表
達過去將來時態(tài)的含義
4.Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman who__ B __.
A.come B.was coming C.had been coming D.had come
collide : 相撞, 是相對概念
5.Mike couldn't come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her because she___C__in the lab.
A.had been working B.has been working C.was working D.worked