Unit 19 Period 3 Let’s study!
(Grammar Review Direct and Indirect Speech)
Goals
◆ Help the students to learn new words and phrases.
◆ Help the students to summarize the usage of the indirect speech.
Procedures
Leading in: by presentation.
Good morning, class. Yesterday we learned the first part of the play “The Merchant of Venice”. Now I want one of you to retell the story in your own words.
Task 1: Word study.
1. Turn to Word Study on page 69 and do the exercises.
2. Explain some words and phrases.
Task 2: Review Direct and Indirect Speech.
1. Now it’s time for us to review the Indirect Speech. First of all we will do some exercises. Please change the following sentences into indirect speech.
1) He said to me, “Don’t touch the machine”.
2) He said, “I will call on my uncle tomorrow”.
3) He said to me, “Did you see the play yesterday?”
4) He said to her, “How long have you had the car?”
2. Summing up. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
一、 人稱(chēng)代詞的變化
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)代詞的變化一般規(guī)律是：第一人稱(chēng)→第三人稱(chēng)；第二人稱(chēng)→第一人稱(chēng)；第三人稱(chēng)→第三人稱(chēng)，簡(jiǎn)記為“二一、一三、三留三”。這些變化需要在實(shí)踐中體驗(yàn)，才能熟練運(yùn)用。如：
“I’m thinking of changing my address.”he said.→
He said that he was thinking of changing his address. (I 和he指同一人)
Xiao Ming asked me, “Are you going to the park with us?”→
Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.(us與them指相同的人，Xiao Ming是其中的一員；me和you指同一人)
Mr. Li said, “She will attend the meeting.”→
Mr. Li said that she would attend the meeting. (Mr. Li和she不是同一人)
但當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)者是第一人稱(chēng)，直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)也是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，不作變化。如：
I said to my children, “I will give you some presents on Christmas Day.”→
I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. (I為同一說(shuō)話(huà)者)
二、 時(shí)態(tài)的變化
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律是往“過(guò)去”相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)推移：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
My father told me, “He will come back next week.”→
My father told me that he would come back the next week.
She asked me, “Did you finish your homework?”→She asked me of I had finished my homework.
要注意，直接引語(yǔ)屬于下列情況時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不作變化：
1、 直接引語(yǔ)屬真理或客觀(guān)事實(shí)時(shí)：
The teacher said to us, “Light runs much faster than sound.”→
The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：
The old man often says, “I joined the Red Army when I was young.”→
The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、 直接引語(yǔ)帶有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)：
The politics teacher said to us, “The party was founded in 1921.”→
The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、 直接引語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：had better, would rather, 及need, must, ought to等時(shí)：He said to me, “I would rather live in the countryside.”→
He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、 直接引語(yǔ)為虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)時(shí)：
She said, “I would be happy if I were a bird.” →
She said that she would be happy if she were a bird.
三、 其它詞語(yǔ)的變化
常見(jiàn)需要變化的詞語(yǔ)列表如下：
直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)
this, these that, those
here there
now then
today, tonight that day, that night
this evening that evening
Last week the week before
tomorrow the next / following day
yesterday the day before
next week / month / year the next week / month / year
ago before
come go
Task 3: Doing grammar items in the book..
Closing up by doing exercises in the workbook.
Turn to your workbook. We will do some grammar exercises.
Unit 19 Period 4 Let’s read and write!
(THE MERCHANT OF VENICE 2)
Goals
◆ Provide the students with opportunities to develop their extensive reading skills.
◆ Enjoy the last part of the play “The Merchant of Venice”.
◆ Make the students practice in writing a short plays.
Procedures
Leading in: by brain storming.
Ask the students some questions about the first part of the play: Who wrote the play? How many characters are there in the play? Why was Antonio liked by everyone? What was Shylock? What do you think of him? Why did shylock refuse to have mercy on Antonio?
Task 1: Understanding of the last part of the play.
Now please read the last part of the play quickly to find the answer to this question: What happened to Shylock?
Key: He had to give half of his money to the city of Venice and promised to leave the other half of his money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.
Task 2: Discussing.
Now, let’s read the play carefully. After that we will discuss the following questions in groups:
What mustn’t Shylock take?
What did Shylock decide to take instead of the pound of flesh?
Why couldn’t he take the money instead?
What lessons can we learn from the play?
Keys:
1. Any blood
2. Three times the money that he was owed.
3. Because he only wanted right to be done.
4. Answers varied.
Task 3: Writing a play
See Writing on page 71.
Debate in groups.
Who do you think is the real mother? Give your reasons.
Write a short play based on the story. You can also find a good title for your play.
Task 4: Acting out your play in class.
Ask some students to play the roles of the King, two mothers, a soldiers and the children and act out in class.
Reading after class:
用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)各式各樣的“錢(qián)”
初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人，常用expense來(lái)表示一切“費(fèi)用”。其實(shí)expense主要是“花費(fèi)”、“開(kāi)支”之意，如current expenses“日常開(kāi)支”，sell-ingexpenses“銷(xiāo)售費(fèi)用”，travelling expenses“旅費(fèi)”等等。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，各種“費(fèi)用”有各種不同的表達(dá)法：
�、�、admission(n.)指入場(chǎng)費(fèi)。
如：admission by ticket only憑票入場(chǎng)
�、�、charge(n.)“原價(jià)、要價(jià)”。
常用復(fù)數(shù)，主要用于一次性勞務(wù)所收取的費(fèi)用，如服務(wù)費(fèi)、行李超重費(fèi)、旅館費(fèi)等等。
如：What are the charges in the hotel？
這家旅館收費(fèi)多少？
�、�、cost(n.)本義為“成本”、“原價(jià)”。
常常用來(lái)表示對(duì)已取得的貨物或勞務(wù)所支付的費(fèi)用。
如：The cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.看一場(chǎng)電影要花七美元。
Ⅳ、fare(n.)指旅客乘公共汽車(chē)、出租車(chē)、火車(chē)、輪船、飛機(jī)等所支付的費(fèi)用。
如：All fares，please.
(公共汽車(chē)售票員用語(yǔ))請(qǐng)買(mǎi)票。
�、酢ee(n.)醫(yī)生、律師或其它專(zhuān)門(mén)職業(yè)的傭金及會(huì)費(fèi)、手續(xù)費(fèi)、停車(chē)費(fèi)等。
如：My lawyer‘s hourly fee is 130 dollars.
我的律師的傭金是每小時(shí)130美元。
�、�、freight(n.)運(yùn)費(fèi)，指海運(yùn)、空運(yùn)、陸運(yùn)的費(fèi)用。
如：Who will pay the freight on this order？
誰(shuí)支付這批定貨的運(yùn)費(fèi)？