期末專題練習(xí)--It的用法、There be句型
［教學(xué)內(nèi)容］
第一部分 It 的用法
概說：It是個非常簡單的單詞,但其用法卻很靈活。
一、指代作用。It作句子的主語。
（一）It指前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。
1. What’s this? - It’s a chair.
2. Who is it? - It’s me.
提示：it代替上文提及的原物(復(fù)數(shù)用they)；
one指代上文提及的、泛指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)ones）；
that指代上文提及的定指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞（復(fù)數(shù)those）。
（二）It指時間、季節(jié)。虛義。
1. What time is it? - It’s nine.
2. It’s time to go to school. Let’s go.
3. What day is today? - It’s Saturday.
4. What is the date today? - It is Oct. 1st.
5. What season is it? - It is summer.
（三）It指氣候。虛義。
1. It is cold in this room. 這個房間很冷。
2. What’s the weather like today? - It’s fine. 今天天氣怎么樣？ 天氣很好。
3. It often snows in winter in Harbin. 哈爾濱的冬天經(jīng)常下雪。
（四）It指距離、情況等。虛義。
1. It is five kilometers from my home to the school. 從我家到學(xué)校有五千米。
2. It is very near from this shop to that. 從這個商店到那個商店很近。
3. It is a long way to the sea. 這離海很遠(yuǎn)。
4. Is it well with you? 你身體好嗎？
二、It作形式主語。
動詞不定式、動名詞短語、從句在整個句中起主語作用，而這一部分用詞較多，因此用it作為形式主語，放在句首。
（一）It + 謂語 + 動詞不定式
形主 真主
1. It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艱難的。
正常形式：To climb a mountain is difficult.
2. It is a good habit to do morning exercises. 做早操是個好習(xí)慣。
3. It’s important to study English. 學(xué)習(xí)英語很重要。
（二）It + 謂語 + 動名詞短語
形主 真主
1. It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危險的。
2. It is no use learning without thinking. 學(xué)而不思則罔。
3. It is wrong arguing with your parents. 和你的父母吵架是錯誤的。
（三）It + 謂語 + 名詞性從句
形主 真主
1. It is pity that you didn’t see that good film. 你沒看到那部好電影真可惜。
2. It is said that he will be late today. 據(jù)說他今天會來晚。
整理：It is / was difficult (easy, hard, important, useful, possible, a pity, a pleasure…) to do sth.
三、It作形式賓語。
It作形式賓語，代表其后所說的真正的賓語。
1. I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語并不難。
2. I remember I put it in my bag that the book I bought in Beijing. 我記得我把我在北京買的書放在書包里了。
四、用于表示強調(diào)的句型中。
1. It was here that I first met him. 我初次與他見面就在這兒。
2. It is English that Jim teaches us every Monday. Jim每個周一教我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
五、用于某些習(xí)語中，虛義。
1. Keep at it! 別松勁！干下去！
2. You’ll catch it! 你可小心點兒！
第二部分 There be 句型
概說：There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是我們平時所說的“某地有某物”，表示存在的句型。
一. 肯定句。
There be + 主語+地點
There are some chairs in your room.
二. 否定句。
There be not ( any ,much) + 主語+地點
There aren’t any chairs in your room.
三. 一般疑問句。
Be 動詞提前
Is there any chairs in your room?
四. 特殊疑問句。
特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
What are there in your room? There are some chairs in my room.
How many chairs are there in your room? There are six chairs in my room.
五. 熱門考點。
1. there be 與 have 的區(qū)別。
There are six chairs in my room. (強調(diào)某地有某物) 在我的房間里有六把椅子。
I have six chairs. （強調(diào)某人擁有某物） 我有六把椅子。
2. be動詞與名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。
There is a girl over there. 那邊有一個女孩。
There are five girls over there. 那邊有五個女孩。
3. 就近原則。
There is a pen and some pencils in my bag. 我的書包里有一只鋼筆和一些鉛筆。
There are some pencils and a pen in my bag. 我的書包里有一些鉛筆和一只鋼筆。
4. there be +不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞。
There is a photo of Cai Yilin on the wall. （正確） 墻上有一張蔡依琳的照片。
There is the photo of Cai Yilin on the wall. （錯誤）
5. there be 有時態(tài)變化。
There was an apple on the table yesterday. 昨天在桌子上有一個蘋果。
There is going to be a meeting this morning. 今天早上要開會。
6. there be 的反意疑問句。
There is no water in the bottle, is there? 瓶子里沒有水，是嗎？
There are many students at school, aren’t there? 學(xué)校里有許多學(xué)生，不是嗎？
六. 連線中考。
2003考例：
1) There______ a football game this afternoon. (武漢市)
A. will have B. is going to be C. has
答案：B
2) There was no time for the twins to go shopping. (改為反意疑問句) (哈爾濱市)
There was no time for the twins to go shopping, ______ ______?
答案：was there
3) Do you think______ an American film on TV tomorrow? (廣西)
A. is there B. there's going to be
C. will there be D. there's going to have
答案：B
4)-What's on the plate? (吉林省)
-There______ some bread on it.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
答案：A
5) Jenny: How many countries ______ in Europe? (臺灣省)
Betty: I'm not sure.
A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are there
答案：D
【模擬試題】（答題時間：30分鐘）
一、仿照示例完成句子：
To run in the morning is very good. → It is good to run in the morning.
1. To play basketball must be fun. → _______________________
2. To walk in the park is pleasant. → _______________________
3. To learn a new language is very interesting. → _______________________
4. To read a long word is difficult. → _______________________
5. To be in class on time is important. → _______________________
二、翻譯下列句子：
1. 今天非常熱。
_______________________
2. 昨天是星期一。
_______________________
3. 從我家到學(xué)校很近。
_______________________
4. 正在下雨。
_______________________
5. 現(xiàn)在是七點半。
_______________________
三、選擇
1. ______ a reading lamp on the table.
A. There is B. There has C. It is D. It has
2. ______ no coffee left yesterday.
A. It being B. There being C. It was D. There was
3. There _____ five pairs in the room.
A. were B. is C. are D. was
4. There ______ no use to ask him this question.
A. were B. is C. are D. was
5. There ______ a lot of people waiting for the bus.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
【試題答案】
一、依照示例，完成句子。
1. It must be fun to play basketball.
2. It is pleasant to walk in the park.
3. It is very interesting to learn a new language.
4. It is difficult to read a long word.
5.It is important to be in class on time.
二、翻譯下列句子：
1. It’s hot today.
2. It was Monday yesterday.
3. It’s very near from my home to school.
4. It is raining now.
5. It is seven thirty now.
三、選擇：
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A