1. doing的形式：doing; being done

2. doing做主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。

3. doing與to do在動(dòng)詞后面做賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納：

（一）動(dòng)詞ing形式起名詞作用，在語(yǔ)法中也稱做動(dòng)名詞．在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。它的基本形式有doing; being done。

例句：

1. Parking is difficult in the shopping center of the city.

2. My favorite job is teaching English.

3. His main hobby is collecting stamps.

4. Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.

5. I suggest you should practise speaking English whenever you can.

6. Hearing what I said, he couldn’t help laughing.

7. Did you see that car being repaired ?

注：to do形式也可以做主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。一般情況下，這兩種形式做主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，差別不是很大。但是如果刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作，就用to do 形式， 而要表示一般性或泛指的動(dòng)作則用doing形式。

例如：

1. It is difficult to park in the shopping center at the weekend.

2. My duty is to take care of the baby while she is out.

（二）在一些動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。后面跟doing做賓語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有：admit; advise; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; deny; mention; mind; miss; prevent; delay; enjoy; escape; imagine; postpone; practise; risk; suggest;常見的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，如：be worth doing; can’t help doing; look forward to doing; go on doing; insist on doing; prefer doing to doing; be busy doing; keep on doing; devote…to doing; spend…in doing; have difficulty in doing; have a good time doing; prevent…from doing

1. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

2. He has devoted himself to protecting the wildlife.

3. He is trying to avoid answering my question.

4. The accused man denied ever having met her.

5. He insisted on sending for doctor at once.

6. The film is well worth seeing.

7. You can’t imagine the difficulty we had making a little money.

（三）doing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)：當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)doing所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（邏輯主語(yǔ)）時(shí)，需要在doing前面加上物主代詞，人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格或不定代詞

例句：

1. I’m surprised at your/you doing it.

2. She insisted on their both accepting the invitation.

3. Do you mind my opening the window ?

4. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.

5. The children are looking forward to spring coming.

6. He disapproved of that being said about Jane.

7. Mr. Carson complained about Tom and Mary coming to class late.

（四）doing與to do在動(dòng)詞后面做賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:

remember/forget to do：記住/忘記了去做某事

Don’t forget to do sth.=remember to do sth.

regret to do: 遺憾地去做/說 regret doing: 后悔做了某事

mean to do= want to do mean doing 意味著做

stop to do: 停下來去做 stop doing 停止/不去做

try to do: 試圖/努力/企圖去做 try doing: 嘗試用一種方法做

go on to do 接著去做另一件事 go on doing: 繼續(xù)把事情做下去

例句：

1. Don’t forget to mail this letter tomorrow morning.

2. I don’t remember having said anything of the sort.

3. I regret to say that you have failed in the exam.

4. He tried to walk without a crutch.

5. He went on to tell us about the accident.

【典型例題】

一. 單項(xiàng)選擇：

1. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____ into buy something they don’t really need.

A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

分析：題意為：進(jìn)店購(gòu)物，人們有時(shí)不得不被購(gòu)買不想買的東西。can’t help doing 不得不，禁不住做某事。主語(yǔ)people與persuade為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用being done。

答案：C

2. In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.

A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting

分析：根據(jù)句意：錯(cuò)過一班車意味著要再等上一個(gè)小時(shí)。意味著作某事：mean doing。

答案：A

3. How many of us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?

A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended

分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說，我們當(dāng)中參加一個(gè)對(duì)我們毫不重要的會(huì)議的人會(huì)有多少人對(duì)這個(gè)討論感興趣呢？us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us作為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做of的賓語(yǔ)。

答案：B

4. -What should I do with this passage ?

-___ the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out

分析：?jiǎn)柧渲衧hould用與征求建議，答語(yǔ)中應(yīng)當(dāng)是祈使句語(yǔ)氣提出要求。

答案：C

5. I can’t understand ___ her like that.

A. you treat B, you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

分析：understand后面接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ).you為動(dòng)名詞treating的邏輯主語(yǔ)。　　

答案：D

6. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk __ the good opportunity.

A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

分析：risk后面跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。

答案：B

二. 短文改錯(cuò)：

1. Shake her head, she said, “ It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.”

分析：根據(jù)句意，shake her head 為后一句的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，

答案：Shake 應(yīng)改為Shaking

2. It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find.

分析：without是介詞，后面應(yīng)接doing形式。

答案：have 應(yīng)改為having

3. Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.

分析：根據(jù)句意，本句是祈使句，

答案：Having應(yīng)改為Have

4. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper……

分析：enjoy后面跟doing形式

答案：talk 應(yīng)改為talking

【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：60分鐘）

一. 單項(xiàng)選擇：

1. Don’t you think the question _____ at the moment is of great importance.

A. being discussed B. discussed

C. to be discussed D. to discuss

2. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.

A. cooked B. to be cooked

C. is being cooked D. being cooked

3 . When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ___ at the party, but not ____.

A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave

C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave

4. I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this island.

A. to have had time B. having time

C. to have time D. to having time

5. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ _ some schools for poor children.

A. set up B. setting up

C. have set up D. having set up

6. The man insist ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.

A. find B. to find

C. on finding D. in finding

7. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __ trouble.

A. making B. to make

C. to have made D. having made

8. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ____ from you now and then ___ me how everyone is getting along.

A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell

C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell

二. 完型填空：

More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendship, what they expected 1 friends, what they were willing to give in 2 , and how satisfied they were 3 the quality of their friendships. The 4 give little comfort to social critics . Friendship 5 to be a different form of 6 relationships. Unlike marriage or the ties that 7 parents and children, it is not explained or regulated by 8 . Unlike other social roles that we are expected to 9 –as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and 10 organizations –it has its own rule, which is to develop 11 of warmth, trust and love 12 two people. The 13 on friendships appeared in Psychology Today in March. The findings 14 that topics of trust and betrayal are 15 to friendship. They also suggest that our readers do not 16 for friends only among those who are 17 like them, but find many 18 differ in race, religion, and background. Arguably the most important 19 that appears in the article, 20 , is not something that we found--but what we did not.

1. A. on B. of C. to D. for

2. A. addition B. pay C. turn D. return

3. A. about B. of C. with D. by

4. A. results B. effects C. expectations D. ends

5. A. feels B. leads C. sounds D. appears

6. A. human B. mankind C. their D. civil

7. A. join B. relate C. control D. attract

8. A. force B. law C. rule D. order

9. A. keep B. do C. show D. play

10. A. all B. any C. other D. those

11. A. friendship B. interests C. feelings D. relations

12. A. between B. on C. in D. for

13. A. book B. article C. description D. wish

14. A. warn B. believe C. prove D. solve

15. A. true B. main C. false D. central

16. A. ask B. call C. care D. look

17. A. most B. more C. least D. less

18. A. people B. who C. what D. friends

19. A. conclusion B. summary C. decision D. demand

20. A. moreover B. however C. still D. yet

三. 閱讀理解：

We are all familiar with domestic trade. When I buy Florida oranges or California shirts, I naturally want to pay in dollars. Luckily. the orange grower and the shirt manufacturer are willing to accept U.S. dollars for their expenses. Trade can be carried on in dollars. Economic transactions within a country are relatively simple.

If I want to buy a British bicycle, however, matters become more complicated. I must ultimately pay in British money, or "British pounds,” rather than in dollars. Similarly, if the British want to buy U.S. merchandise, they must obtain U. S. dollars. And the requirement to obtain foreign currencies bolds for other countries as well.

We see, then, that international trade introduces a new element: the foreign exchange rate, which denotes the price of a foreign country's currency in terms of our own.

Here are some examples: The U. S. dollar price of a British pound was recently $ I. 80; for a British resident wanting to buy U. S. goods, the price of a dollar was 1/$1.80= 0.56. There is also a foreign exchange rate between U. S. dollars and the currency of each and every country, In mid-1988, the foreign exchange rate was 60 cents for a German mark, 18 cents for a French franc, 80 cents for a Canadian dollar, and 0. 8 cent for a Japanese yen. For foreigners desiring to buy dollars, the reciprocal prices were 1. 67 German marks. 5. 56 French francs, 1.25 Canadian dollars, or 125 Japanese yen for each U.S. dollar.

Given the foreign exchange rate, it is now possible for me to buy my English bicycle. Suppose its quoted price is , 100（i.e. , 100 British pounds）. All I have to do is look in the newspaper for the foreign exchange rate for pounds. If this is $1.80 per pound, I simply go to a bank with $180 and ask that the money be used to pay the English bicycle exporter. Pay with what? The bank pays with pounds, of course, the kind of money the exporter needs.

You should be able to show what British importers of American grain have to do if they want to buy, say a $ 36,000 shipment from an American exporter. Here pounds must be converted into dollars. You will see that, when the foreign exchange rate is $1.80 per pound, the grain shipment costs them 20,000.

Businesses and tourists do not have to know anything more than this for their import or export transactions. But the true economics of foreign exchange rates cannot be grasped until we find out why the foreign exchange rate is at a given level.

1. It can be inferred that the writer is .

A. British. B. American. C. Chinese. D. French.

2. What is meant by the third paragraph?

A. The foreign exchange rate is an element coming with international trade dealing with foreign countries’ currency.

B. International trade introduces the clement of the foreign exchange rate indicating a foreign currency at our own price

C. The foreign exchange rate is a new element in international trade indicating the price of a country's currency in terms of the price of another country's currency.

D. The foreign exchange rate is an element introduced to denote the price of a foreign currency in terms of the price of another foreign currency.

3. In mid-1988, how much dollars did one have to have in order to exchange for 10,000,000 Japanese yen?

A. 8,000,000 B. 80,000 C. 800,000 D. 80,000,000

4. What do British importers have to do if they want to buy $ 36,000 worth of grain from an American exporter?

A. They have to pay British pounds directly.

B. They have to pay French francs.

C. They have to convert 36,000 U.S. dollars into 20,000 British pounds.

D. They have to convert 20,000 British pounds into 36,000 U.S. dollars.

5. The last paragraph implies that businesses and tourists

A. do not have to know the true economies of foreign exchange rates.

B. do not have to know more the true economics of foreign exchange rates.

C. have to know nothing more than economics of foreign exchange rates.

D. do not have to grasp the true economics of foreign exchange rates at a given level.

【試題答案】

一. 單項(xiàng)選擇：

1. A the question _____ at the moment指此刻正在被討論的問題。being done做定語(yǔ)指：正在被……的事。

2. D 正在被做的食物。being done做定語(yǔ)指：正在被……的事。

3. D 當(dāng)受到警察的詢問時(shí)，他說他記得到過那個(gè)晚會(huì)，但是沒有離開過。remember doing：記得做過某事。remember to do：記得沒有做…

4. B appreciate doing sth. 做某事不勝感激。

5. B devote….to doing：致力于做某事。Mr. Reed決定傾其所有為貧困兒童建立學(xué)校。

6. C insist on doing sth.：堅(jiān)持做某事。

7. B 我想他想要惹麻煩。mean to do sth：想要做某事；mean doing：意味著做某事

8. C 我將非常高興收到你的來信并且告訴我你的情況。appreciate doing sth.：感激做某事

二. 完型填空：

1. B of相當(dāng)于“from”。

2. D in return：“作為回報(bào)”。

3. C “be satisfied with”表示“對(duì)……滿意”。

4. A “result”意為“結(jié)果”。

5. D appear意為“好像”。

6. A human是一個(gè)形容詞表“人類的”。

7. A “join”表示 聯(lián)系連接。

8. B 從上下文可知是通過法律來制約。

9. D “plays role”表“扮演角色，起……作用”。

10. C “other”表“其它的”。

11. C “feelings”意為“感情”。

12. A 兩者之間用“between”。

13. B “article”表“文章”。

14. C “prove”意為“證明”。

15. D “central”意為“中心的、主要的”

16. D “l(fā)ook for”意為“尋找”。

17. B “more like”意為“更像……”。

18. B “who”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

19. D “demand”意為“要求”。

20. B 從上下文可知，是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

三. 閱讀理解：

1. B 在第一段中作者說，當(dāng)他購(gòu)買佛里達(dá)的橘子或加利福尼亞的襯衫，他當(dāng)然想用美金支付。這說明作者是個(gè)美國(guó)人。

2. C 第三段的意思是：國(guó)際貿(mào)易引入丁“外匯兌換率”這一概念，它指的是用一個(gè)國(guó)家自己的貨幣價(jià)格表示一種外國(guó)貨幣的價(jià)格，只有C表達(dá)了這層意思。

3. B 第四段告訴我們，在1988年，美金與日元的兌換率是0.08：l。所以，一千萬(wàn)日元可兌換八萬(wàn)美金。

4. D 第六段告訴我們，如果英國(guó)進(jìn)口商要從美國(guó)進(jìn)口一批價(jià)值36，000美金的糧食，需要20,000英鎊。第二句句子說，英鎊必須兌換成美金。因此，只有D是正確答案。

5. A 最后一段第一個(gè)句子中的this指以上幾段關(guān)于外匯兌換的內(nèi)容。第二個(gè)句子的意思是：然而，不了解外匯：兌換的定位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是無法掌握外匯兌換率經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的真諦的。與上一句連起來理解，就是說，生意人和旅游者只要懂得上面提到的關(guān)于外匯兌換的知識(shí)就足夠了，不用去懂得外匯兌換率經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。