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中考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)專題:狀語(yǔ)從句

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-8-9 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句不僅是初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),而且也是每年中考必考的內(nèi)容之一。從筆者研讀歷年全國(guó)各地中考英語(yǔ)試題對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查內(nèi)容來(lái)看,命題主要集中在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞、狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)等方面;從九大狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)看,同學(xué)們應(yīng)將復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)放在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句這四種上。

核心知識(shí)

一、對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的考查

1.要點(diǎn):

1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:while, when,as,as soon as,until,not...until,before, after,since,etc.要掌握每個(gè)連詞的含義及其用法,還有它們之間的一些區(qū)別。

2)when,while,as的區(qū)別:

①三者均可表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,如果主句表示的是短暫的動(dòng)作,而從句表示的是一段時(shí)間,三者可通用。如:

I met Kang Li as/when/while I was walking along the street.當(dāng)我沿街散步時(shí)碰見(jiàn)了康麗。

②as和when都可與終止性動(dòng)詞連用, while只能與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。如:

It was snowing when we got to the airport.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),天正下著雪。(不能用 while)

③as強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作持續(xù)于while所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi);when可指主、從句所述動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。如:

He sang as he went along.他邊走邊唱。

Please write while I read.我讀的時(shí)候,請(qǐng)寫下來(lái)。

When he reached home,he had a little rest.回到家后,他休息了一會(huì)兒。

3)until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……為止”,主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,主句常用終止性動(dòng)詞,這時(shí)till和until可用before替換。如:

I waited till/until he arrived.我一直等到他到來(lái)。

We won't start until/till/before Bob comes.鮑勃到來(lái)之前,我們不會(huì)動(dòng)身。

4)since從句中常用過(guò)去時(shí),主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形或祈使句時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

Where have you been since I saw you last?上次我和你見(jiàn)面之后,你到哪里去了?

I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.我一到通化就給你打電話。

2.考例:(所有考例取自2001、2002年全國(guó)各省市中考英語(yǔ)試題)

1)我一到美國(guó)就給你打電話。(北京市海淀區(qū))

I'll ring you up ______ soon ______ I get to America.

2)昨天直到雨停了,孩子們才離開(kāi)學(xué)校。(同上)

The children ______ leave school ______ the rain stopped yesterday.

3)It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.(河北)

A.a(chǎn)s;covered

B.was;have moved

C.is;have moved

D.is;moved

4)He ______ wait until the rain ______ .(南京市)

A.won't;will stop

B.won't;stop

C.will;stops

D.will;will stop

二、對(duì)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的考查

1.要點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if...not。條件狀語(yǔ)從句也像時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣,如果主句用將來(lái)時(shí),從句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如:

You will fail unless you study hard.(=Y(jié)ou will fail if you don't study hard.)除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你會(huì)失敗。

2.考例:

1)He will go to the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow.(北京市宣武區(qū))

A.won't rain

B.doesn't rain

C.don't rain

D.isn't raining

2) ______ you eat old food,you may be ill.(湖南)

A.Before

B.Why

C.If

D.Which

三、對(duì)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的考查

1.要點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as...a(chǎn)s,than。

1)表示甲與乙在某一方面相同時(shí),用“as+原級(jí)+as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙時(shí),用“not as /so +原級(jí)+as”句型。如:

Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen.大連和深圳一樣的美。

I don't run as/so fast as Kang Li.我不如康麗跑得快。

2)表示甲超過(guò)或不及乙時(shí),用“比較級(jí)+從句”(從句中常省略意義與主句相同的部分)。如:

He runs faster than you(do).他跑得比你快。

Today is less cold than yesterday.今天沒(méi)有昨天冷。

2.考例:

1)Jack runs as ______ as Tom.(北京市宣武區(qū))

A.fast

B.faster

C.fastest

D.much faster

2)30,000dollars is a large amount of money,but it's ______ than we need.(上海市)

A.for more

B.very much

C.far less

D.very little

四、對(duì)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的考查

1.要點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so...that(如此……以致于),such...that(如此……以致于)等。常用句型:

so+形容詞/副詞+that從句

such a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that從句

such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句

so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句

He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.他講得太快,我跟不上。

He told us such funny stories that we all laughed.

他給我們講了那么多有趣的故事,我們?nèi)脊笮Α?/p>

2.考例:

1)這山太高,我們很難到達(dá)山頂。(四川)

This mountain is ______ ______ that we can ______ ______ the top.

2)Miss Gao asked a question,but it was ______ that nobody could answer it.

A.very difficult

B.too difficult

C.difficult enough

D.so difficult

五、對(duì)其它狀語(yǔ)從句的考查

還有五種狀語(yǔ)從句:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

1.要點(diǎn):

1)掌握常用的引導(dǎo)詞:

① 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的有:where(在哪里),wherever(無(wú)論何地),etc.如:

Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事競(jìng)成。

Wherever you go,I go too.無(wú)論你去哪里,我都去。

②引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的有because,as, since(因?yàn)椋琫tc。because常回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,該從句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,兩者不回答why引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句,而且其從句一般放在句首。如:

-Why can't I go?為什么我不能去?

-Because you're too young.因?yàn)槟隳昙o(jì)太小了。

As(Since)you are not feeling well,you'd better stay at home.

既然你不太舒服,還是留在家里的好。

③引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的有so that(以便)等。如:

I packed him a little food so that he wouldn't be hungry.

我給他包了一點(diǎn)食物,讓他不致挨餓。

④引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的有as(按照)等。如:

I will do it as you tell me.我將照你說(shuō)的做。

⑤引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的有though/although(雖然),even though(盡管),whoever/ no matter who(無(wú)論誰(shuí)),however/no matter how(無(wú)論怎樣),whatever/no matter what(無(wú)論什么)等。如:

Though it's hard work,I enjoy it.盡管這工作很辛苦,我還是很喜歡。

No matter how hard the work was,he never gave it up.不管工作多么艱難,他都從不放棄。

2)because不能與并列連詞so,though /although不能與but同時(shí)在句中使用。如:

She was late for school because she missed the bus.

She missed the bus,so she was late for school.

It's not cheap,but it's very good.

Though it's not cheap,it's very good.

2.考例:

1)I can't understand this passage _____ there are no new words in it.(安徽)

A.if

B.because

C.though

D.a(chǎn)nd

2)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil?”“ _____ his pen was broken.”(福州市)

A.Because

B.When

C.Until

D.If

六、對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句的混合考查

【考點(diǎn)1】區(qū)分when,if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的不同:when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句意為“什么時(shí)候”;if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句意為“如果”,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句意為“是否”。如:

1.-Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow.

-Yes.But if it _____ ,we'll visit the museum instead.(河北)

A.you have;will rain

B.you will have;will rain

C.you will have;rains

D.will you have;rains

2.-Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow?

-Sorry,I don't.When he _____ back, I'll tell you.(安徽)

A.comes;comes

B.comes;will come

C.will come;comes

D.will come;will come

【考點(diǎn)2】狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。如:

1.A:He is too young to go to school.

B:He is _____ young _____ he can't go to school.(四川)

2.A:Tom is the tallest in his class.

B:Tom is _____ _____ any other student in his class.(四川)

3.A:The box is so light _____ that the boy can carry it.

B:The box is light for the boy to carry.(南京)

4.A:Put on your coat,or you'll catch a cold.

B: _____ you _____ put on your coat, you'll catch a cold.(上海)

典型例題

Key:

狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)及中考熱點(diǎn)透視

一、2.1)as;as 2)didn't;until/till/before 3)D 4)C

二、2.1)B2)C

三、2.1)A2)C

四、2.1)so high;not reach 2)D

五、2.1)C 2)A

六、【考點(diǎn)1】1.C 2.C【考點(diǎn)2】1.so;that 2.taller than 3.enough 4.If;don't