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中考語法知識(shí)專題:句型轉(zhuǎn)換

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-10-10 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

句型轉(zhuǎn)換題是中考英語試題中常見的題型之一,該題型主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)英語句型的掌握情況和靈活運(yùn)用的能力。命題形式一般是給出一個(gè)英語句子,要求考生根據(jù)所提要求改寫這個(gè)句子。

核心知識(shí)

一、測(cè)試內(nèi)容

1.句子種類的轉(zhuǎn)換:將肯定的陳述句改為否定句。將陳述句改為感嘆句、一般疑問句、反意疑問句、或特殊疑問句(即對(duì)劃線部分提問)。將簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)換為復(fù)合句。將并列句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句。將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句或復(fù)合句。

2.簡(jiǎn)單句的幾種基本句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:如將主謂結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)橹飨当斫Y(jié)構(gòu),將雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)改為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)等。

3.語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換:將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)或?qū)⒈粍?dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語態(tài)。

4.引語的轉(zhuǎn)換:將直接引語改為間接引語或?qū)㈤g接引語改為直接引語。

5.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換:在中考英語試題中,同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的題量較大,除了句型間的轉(zhuǎn)換外,有些是同義詞語間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

典型例題

二、解題方法

1.吃透原句。在答題時(shí)首先要弄清所給句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)、主語的人稱和數(shù)、謂語動(dòng)詞的形式、以及全句的意思。

2.明確要求。要看清楚題目的要求,弄懂題意,不要盲目動(dòng)筆。

3.對(duì)“癥”下“藥”。即針對(duì)不同的要求采用不同的方法。

(1)將肯定句改為否定句時(shí),除要正確使用謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式外,還要將句中的some改為any,將something改為anything等。例如:

There is some rice in the bowl.→

There isn’t any rice in the bowl.

They bought something in the supermarket.→

They didn’t buy anything in the supermarket.

(2)將陳述句改為一般疑問句時(shí),要根據(jù)陳述句中的謂語動(dòng)詞及其時(shí)態(tài)形式確定其疑問式,同時(shí)還要注意將原句中的some改為any,將something改為anything等。例如:

I’ve got some money with me.→

Have you got any money with you?

Mr.Wang said something about the accident at themeeting.→

Did Mr.Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting?

(3)將陳述句改為反意疑問句時(shí),除了遵循陳述部分若為肯定式,疑問部分則用否定式和陳述部分若為否定式,疑問部分則用肯定式的原則外,還要注意:當(dāng)陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,nothing,never等否定意義的詞時(shí),疑問部分要用肯定形式。另外,還要注意部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊情況,如當(dāng)陳述部分為must be,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè),作“一定”或“肯定”

講時(shí),疑問部分的動(dòng)詞一般用be的相應(yīng)否定形式,而不用mustn’t。例如:

Tom likes reading,doesn’t he?

There weren’t any mice in the room,were there?

There is little water in the cup,is there?

They must be in the reading-room,aren’t they?

(4)對(duì)劃線部分提問時(shí),可按一定、二移(或加)、三變化、四刪除的步驟進(jìn)行。第一步“定”,就是根據(jù)劃線部分的內(nèi)容確定適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~。如問時(shí)間用when或what time,問地點(diǎn)用where,問價(jià)錢用howmuch,問年齡用how old,問原因用why,問“做什么事”用what…do/does/did等。第二步“移(或加)”,就是將句子結(jié)構(gòu)改為一般疑問句的形式,如果謂語部分含有系動(dòng)詞be,助動(dòng)詞be,will,have或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),則將這類動(dòng)詞移到句首。如果謂語動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞,則需在主語前加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did。但是,如果劃線部分是原句的主語或主語部分的定語,則不需要這一步。第三步“變化”,即對(duì)句子中某些詞作相應(yīng)的變化,除了將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蝿?dòng)詞外,還要注意將原句中句首單詞(專有名詞除外)的首字母改為小寫,將句中的some變?yōu)閍ny,將句號(hào)變?yōu)閱柼?hào)等。第四步“刪除”,就是去掉被疑問詞替換的劃線部分的詞。例如:

My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice.→

How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong?

It took the artist half an hour to draw the beautifulhorse.→

How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse?

Her mother is a nurse.→

What is her mother?

The children are playing football on the playground.→

Where are the boys playing football?

He read some newspapers in the reading room.→

What did he do in the reading-room?

(5)將陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時(shí),首先要確定是用what還是用how開頭。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的中心詞是名詞,就用what;若是形容詞或副詞,則用how。然后將所強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分移至what或how之后,要注意去掉修飾這一形容詞或副詞的副詞。例如:

He is a very good teacher.→

What a good teacher he is!

They danced quite well.→

How well they danced!

(6)將簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變?yōu)椴⒘芯浠蚝?jiǎn)單句時(shí),既要注意句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變化,又要注意不能改變句子的意思。要重視一些常用連詞和動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式的用法。例如:

We think it true.→

We think that it is true.

If you use your head,you’ll find a way.→

Use you head,then you’ll find a way.

He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.→

He was too angry to say a word.

(7)將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞”形式,這里的be除了要與原句在時(shí)態(tài)上保持一致外,還要與句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)等方面保持一致。例如:

They have set up a new primary school in myhometown.→

A new primary school has been set up in myhometown.

(8)將直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),除了要對(duì)人稱代詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等作相應(yīng)的變化外,有時(shí)還要更改相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞或?qū)⒅^語動(dòng)詞改為非謂語形式。例如:

The teacher said,“Will you come here next Sunday?”→

The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday.

The woman said to the boy,“Go away.”→

The woman ordered the boy to go away.

(9)在作同義詞語的轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),首先要理解原句的意思,然后根據(jù)原句的意思和要補(bǔ)全句子的結(jié)構(gòu)填入所缺少的詞,使兩句意思相同或相近。例如:

My father drives to work every day.→

My father goes to work by car every day.

May I borrow your bike,please?→

Can you lend me your bike, please?

4.仔細(xì)檢查。一是從所寫答案是否符合題目的要求方面來檢查。二是從句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)方面來檢查。三是從單詞的拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用方面來檢查。四是將兩個(gè)句子相互對(duì)照來檢查。如先看“對(duì)劃線部分提問”的答案(問句),再看原句(答句),這樣一問一答,容易判斷正誤。