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高考英語單項填空題解

發(fā)布時間:2016-9-16 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

命題的特點

高考英語強調(diào)語言功能的語境設(shè)計,即把語言的結(jié)構(gòu)考查放在具體的語境中。充分體現(xiàn)語言的應(yīng)用性交際性!皢雾椞羁疹}的絕大部分都有明確的語境設(shè)置。幾乎沒有單靠記憶語法規(guī)則或詞匯知識就能夠做出正確選項的試題。

語境設(shè)計分析:

一 、注意時間空間因素

例1.(1999 - 24)

-Hey, look where you are going!

-Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ___________.

A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing.

C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice.

注解:你提醒我(失誤)時,我才意識到那時沒注意到你。用過去進(jìn)行時。答案:A。

例2.(2000 - 20)

-How are you today?

-Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling

C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt

注解:很長時間我都沒有感到病得像現(xiàn)在這樣厲害。用現(xiàn)在完成時。答案:D。

例3. (2000 –13)

-You’ve left the light on.

-Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going

注解:燈現(xiàn)在還亮著, 我馬上就去關(guān)燈。用將來時。答案:A。

例4.(2001 – 24)

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly.

A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change

注解:挑選買一部移動電話真不易,以為科技發(fā)展正飛速發(fā)展。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。答案:A。

例5. (2002 - 23)

-You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brends. Do you like it?

-I’m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

A.wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say

注解:關(guān)鍵詞是sooner:“提早,搶先”的意思。我很抱歉剛才還沒有來得及說。用過去時。答案:D。

二、注意聯(lián)系對比因素

例1.(2000 - 11)

It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, ______ if you don’t speak the language.

A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially

注解:“尤其” 是不會說外語,生活在國外是很難的。

例2.(2000 - 17)

Dorothy was always speak highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what.

注解:依結(jié)構(gòu)和意義, 此處要用非限定性定語從句。而of course 的插入可能成為干擾項。答案為:B。

例3. (2001 - 25)

The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

注解:要判明上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行對比分析: 即a new house 指的是it;而不是The Parkers(they);若沒有but, 可選擇which構(gòu)成定語從句。答案為:B。

例4. (2001 - 33)

I was really anxious about you . You _____ home without a word.

A.mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

注解:我過去真的很為你擔(dān)心,你那時本不應(yīng)該一句話不說就離開家。答案為:B。(shouldn’t have done 表示“過去不該做”)

例5. (2002 - 25)

-Is John coming by train?

-He should, but he ______not. He likes driving his car.

A. must B. can C. need D. may

注解:在特定的情景中,使用情態(tài)動詞;-是否坐火車來?-應(yīng)該是,但他喜歡開車,也許就不坐火車了。因此答案為:D。

例6. (2002 - 35)

Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgettable moment, _____I will always treasure.

A. that B. one C. it D. what

譯文:“這么多年后見到叔叔是一個很難忘的時刻,我非常珍惜這一時刻!

注解:在結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)知上,考生,若填which,可構(gòu)成非限定定語從句。多用句點或and連接起來, 讓that 或it做treasure的賓語。該題的正確選項為one,one作為an unforgettable moment 的同位語;I will always treasure則作定語從句修飾one;關(guān)系代詞that省去。

三、交際口語因素

例1. (2000 - 6)

-What about having a drink?

- _______.

A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Go ahead, please D. Me, too

注解:作為征求對方意見的口氣:喝一杯好嗎?回答應(yīng)該是“好主意”。

例2. (2001 - 21)

-Good morning, Grand Hotel.

-Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the18th and 19th.

- ___________________.

A.What an I do for you B. Just a minute , please

C.What’s the matter D. At your service

注解:對話情景是要向賓館預(yù)定18,19兩晚的房間;回答應(yīng)該是請稍后,而不可能是其他情景下的答語。干擾項是D。At your service.意思是隨時為您服務(wù)。

干擾因素的命題設(shè)計

一 、 結(jié)構(gòu)上的干擾

例1. (2002 - 24)

The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

A. who B. when C. how D. what

注解: as it happened 給考生造成干擾。譯文: 玻璃杯打碎時母親不在家,所以她不知道譴責(zé)誰。主要看空缺詞后面的 “to blame”,從句意中理解所指的是譴責(zé)的對象,而不是指時間、如何、內(nèi)容。答案為:A。

例2. (2002 - 34)

The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

譯文:這項研究就這樣定下了,一旦開始就無法改變。

注解:從結(jié)構(gòu)看,該句有從句、被動、省略,增加了理解的難度。實際上可以將once begun 視為一固定表達(dá),該句展開就是:Once it has begun, nothing can be done to change it. Once begun 是“一旦開始”的意思。又如:

Once done, we won’t regret doing so.

Once elected, he will move forward swiftly to set a new club.

例3. (2000 - 22)

The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

注解:過去分詞在句中做see的賓語補足語,the plan 在句中是定語從句的先行詞,在定語從句that they would like to see中做賓語。此句還原為:they would like to see the plan carried out 答案為:C。

二、意義理解上的干擾

例1.(2000 - 23)

-Why don’t we take a little break?

-Didn’t we just have______?

A. it B. that C. one D. this

注解:

理解語意:“我們?yōu)槭裁床恍菹⒁粫䞍海俊?“我們剛才不是休息過了嗎?”

考查one 作為代詞,代替 a little break。

例2. (2001 - 26)

We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ______very well.

A.worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried out

注解:work out 表示預(yù)期的結(jié)果。

I hope that the plan works out satisfactorily.

我希望那計劃有令人滿意的預(yù)期結(jié)果。

tried out :‘徹底實驗’ ‘試出’;

went on: ‘繼續(xù)’;

carried on:‘經(jīng)營’、‘繼續(xù)’ ;

work out 一般與plan 搭配。

要根據(jù)語篇中的不同情景,不斷積累,進(jìn)行詞匯擴展, 熟記延伸常用解釋;例如:

(1)Do you know how to work out the maths problem ? (算出)

(2)We have worked out a plan. (設(shè)計)

(3)That coal-miner will be worked out in two years. (開采完、耗盡)

三、思維定式上的干擾

例1. (2001 - 27)

The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.

A. from B. in C. of D. at

譯文:裝修家室用去了我僅有的時間。

注解:定勢干擾項:in my spare time

干擾結(jié)構(gòu)是:what little / there is

去掉文中的 what , there is 的干擾,可看出原句there is a little of my spare time;

have taken 后的受詞what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句, what little 取代a little 。

what little 表示僅有的一點(時間)

例2. (2002 - 22)

Excuse me for breaking in, ____I have some news for you.

A. so B. and C. but D. yet

譯文:對不起我闖進(jìn)來是有你的消息告訴你。

注解:定勢干擾項可能為and,受漢語“和”、“而”的意思干擾。此題所設(shè)情景:after apologizing for what you’re about to say (用在致歉語后),要用but。

練 習(xí)

① Man seems to be reaching a point he has always dreamed of, _____ he will be the master of the world around him.

A. when B. which C. that D. what

②Andrew had a warm desire _____ the conversation might continue.

A. when B. which C. that D. what................(keys: ①A ②C)

③The accident is _____ fresh in my memory than when it happened.

A. little B. more C. no less D. without

這件事故我記憶憂新。

④It is a fact ____ different foods release their energy at different speed.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

事實是不同的事物以不同的速度釋放能量。..............(keys: ③C ④B)

⑤There is a difference ____ only 10 o C between winter and summer.

A. in B. at C. of D. with

冬天和夏天只差10度。

⑥The internet brings people closer ___ around the world.

A. with B. from C. on D. through ..............(keys: ⑤C ⑥B)

⑦Niagara Falls is _____ the border between New York and Canada.

A. at B. in C. to D. on

尼亞加拉瀑布位于紐約和加拿大之間。

⑧Enough has been said ___ the matter.

A. through B. on C. in D. with

關(guān)于此事說得已經(jīng)夠多了。..........................(keys: ⑦D ⑧B)

⑨I am curious to know what there is _____those hills.

 A. over B. on C. beyond D. at

我極想知道山外的情況。

⑩ ____ you give it an inch, it will take a mile.

 A. If B. Although C. In case D. As long as

得寸進(jìn)尺。.....................................(keys: ⑨C ⑩A)

⑾Courage is doing what you have to do _____ you are afraid.

A. In case B. even though C. as long as D. if

勇氣和膽量就是你必須去做即使你認(rèn)為做不到的事使之成為可能。

⑿Many, many times I thought about my last conversation with my father,____he was dying of cancer.

A. when B. how C. why D. since ..............(keys: ⑾B ⑿A)

⒀ Citizenship is the chance to ____ a difference to the place where you belong.

A. take B.make C. get D. tell

公民身份是你在異地所取得的居住資格。

⒁ What happens in the world makes us happy and sad ____.

A. by turns B. in deed C. in luck D. at once

世界的事情喜悲交替。............................(keys: ⒀B ⒁A)

⒂Wages are low ____ the cost of living.

A.because of B. as a result of C. in relation to D.according to

⒃I love the challenge of doing things people say _____.

A. must do B. needn’t be done C. should do D. cannot be done

我喜歡挑戰(zhàn)人們說不能做的事情。...................(keys: ⒂C ⒃D)

⒄The holder of ____ title is still ____ mystery.

A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a

誰是犯案還是個謎。

⒅–What’s the matter?Why do you look so sad?

 -I ____about all the mistakes I’ve made in my life.

A. was just thinking B. thought C. have been thinking D. am thinking

................................................(keys: ⒄D ⒅A)

⒆ ____ all the possibilities, I really believe that I’d prefer to make any change now.

A. Considering B. Considered C. To consider D. Consider

⒇ ____, both sides politely exchanged the telephone numbers and cards rather than quarrelling with each other.

A. Fortunately B. Immediately C. Probably D. Unexpectedly .....(keys: ⒆A ⒇D)