介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，它表示的是它后面的名詞或代詞 (或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句) 與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。
一、介詞的分類
介詞可分為下列三類：
1. 簡單介詞：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to, towards, under, until, till, up, with等
2. 合成介詞：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等
3. 短語介詞：
according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, in/with regard to, next to等
介詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，它必須與名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞作用的成分（動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句、疑問詞+不定式）構(gòu)成介詞短語才能充當(dāng)句子的成分。
It’s going to be sunny tomorrow according to the weather forecast.
How much money need I take with me?
She is fond of collecting stamps.
I wonder how we can finish the job in time.
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
二、介詞短語的句法功能
1. 作定語，例如：
I have lost the key to the door of my room.
我把房間的鑰匙丟了。
Then a gentleman in black came forward.
這時(shí)一位穿黑衣服的先生走向前來。
2. 作狀語，例如：
That was done without my knowledge and without my consent.
這件事我既不知道也沒同意。
Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.
雷雨時(shí)不要站在樹下。
3. 作表語，例如：
The book is out of print.
這書已不再印行。
To be strict with a person is for his own good.
嚴(yán)是愛。
4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語
When he came to life, he fond himself in a hospital.
當(dāng)他蘇醒時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一家醫(yī)院里。
三、介詞的固定搭配
1. At
1.[表示地點(diǎn)或位置]在…，經(jīng)由 2.[表示時(shí)間]在…時(shí)（刻） 3.處于…狀態(tài)
4.在…方面 5.向，朝，以…為目標(biāo) 6.[表示速度、價(jià)格等]以
7.從事于，忙于 8.因?yàn)?9.根據(jù)，按照 10.出席，參加
11從一個(gè)間隔距離
be good at 精通于 be annoyed at 對……煩惱 be angry at 對……發(fā)怒
(take) aim at 瞄準(zhǔn) laugh at 因……而發(fā)笑 stare at 盯著看，凝視
at best 充其量 at first 開始 at large 自由地，未被捕地 at least 至少，起碼
at length 最后，終于 at once 立即，馬上 at present 現(xiàn)在
at rest 休息，靜止不動(dòng) at times 間或，有時(shí) at the risk of 冒……的危險(xiǎn)
at a speed of 以……的速度 be quick at 敏于做某事 be amazed at 吃驚
be slow at 對……反應(yīng)慢 attempt at 試圖，努力 glance at 瞥見
work at 從事，致力于 at fault 有錯(cuò) at intervals 不時(shí)
at last 終于，最后 at leisure 有空，失業(yè)狀態(tài) at most 至多，不超過
at peace 平靜 at random 隨機(jī)，任意地 at sea 茫然，迷惑
at work 在工作，在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) at the price of 以……的價(jià)格 at the sight of 一看到
例如：
He was angry at his brother's remark.
他對他兄弟的批評很惱火。
I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.
我不認(rèn)識(shí)他，但是他盯了我足有十分鐘。
I know I am at fault.
我知道我錯(cuò)了。
The escaped prisoner is still at large.
那逃犯仍逍遙法外。
He is at present away on his holidays.
他現(xiàn)在到外地度假去了。
2. About
1.在…周圍，在…身邊 2.在/去…各處 3.關(guān)于，對于 4.（時(shí)刻、大小、數(shù)量等）大約 5.從事于 6.[后接不定式]剛要，正準(zhǔn)備
careful about 小心 particular about 對……講究 careless about 粗心
doubtful about 對……懷疑 sure about 肯定 concerned about 擔(dān)心
a complaint about 抱怨，叫屈 bring about 引起，帶來
care about 關(guān)心，介意 leave about 亂放，亂扔 anxious about 擔(dān)心，想念
crazy about 迷戀 hopeful about 抱……希望 enthusiastic about 熱心于
certain about 有把握 anxiety about 憂慮，擔(dān)心 inquire about 詢問
agree about 就……取得一致意見 hang about 閑蕩，聚在……附近
come about 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 order about 不斷差遣
例如：
How did it come about?
那事是怎樣發(fā)生的?
She is crazy about pop music.
她對流行音樂著了迷。
English people are always making complaints about their weather.
英國人老是埋怨天氣不好。
He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.
他熱衷于布拉姆斯的樂曲。
Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.
哈里很愛吃，但對他所吃的食物倒并不講究。
3. Against
1.（反）對，違反 2.碰著 3.倚在，緊靠著 4.以…為背景 5.對…不利
6.以…為防御（或抵抗）對象 7.與…競爭 8.與…相鄰
fight against 反對 vote against 投票反對 protect … against 保護(hù)……免受
stand against 反對，經(jīng)受住 guard against 防護(hù) protest against 反對，抗議
rise against 起來反抗 run against 對……不利，違反 strive against 與……作斗爭
a defence against 防護(hù)，保衛(wèi) a protest against 抗議，反對
例如：
I protest against their criticism.
我對他們的批評提出抗議。
Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.
那些衣服不能使你御寒。
He should guard against passing on disease to his family.
他應(yīng)當(dāng)注意別把病傳給自己家里的人。
4. By
1.在…旁 2.在…身邊/手頭 3.[方向]偏于 4.沿，經(jīng)由 5.經(jīng)過…旁邊
6.不遲于，到…時(shí)為止 7.[表示方法、手段]靠，用，通過 8.由于
9.根據(jù)，按 10.被，由 11.相差 12.逐批 13.[表示關(guān)系]就…來說
14.對待 15.對著…發(fā)誓
pull … by 拉住 by mistake 弄錯(cuò)，失誤 by virtue of 憑借，由于
by means of 使用 by aid of 借助于 by way of 經(jīng)由 by birth 天生
by nature 天生地 by profession 就職業(yè)而言 by heart 記住 by post 郵寄
catch … by 抓住 stand by 支持 by chance 偶然，碰巧 by turns 輪流
by appearance 從外表 by name 名叫，以名字 by far ……很多，最
by accident 偶然 by force 以武力，強(qiáng)迫地 by marriage 聯(lián)姻而產(chǎn)生的
例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.
他是個(gè)天性和藹慷慨的人。
They sent the letter to me by mistake.
他們誤把那封信送給了我。
The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns.
古羅馬的軍隊(duì)由幾位大將輪流指揮。
By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.
由于勝利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。
I probably know him by sight but not by name.
我大概見面認(rèn)識(shí)他，不過叫不上名字。
5. For
1.[表示目的]為了 2.[表示對象、用途等]對于、適合于 3.[表示目標(biāo)、去向]往，向
4.代替，代表 5.[表示等值或比例關(guān)系]換 6.[表示愿望、愛好、特長等]對于
7.贊成，擁護(hù) 8.由于 9.雖然，盡管 10.就…而言 11.當(dāng)作，作為
12.[表示時(shí)間、距離、數(shù)量等]達(dá)，計(jì) 13.[表示約定的時(shí)間]在
an admiration for 羨慕，贊賞 an apology for 道歉 a need for 需要
(make) an arrangement for 作安排 an attraction for 吸引，招引
a capacity for 能力，力量 a passion for 熱情，愛好 a cure for 療法，(治某病的)藥
desire for 期望，希望 a fitness for 合適 a gift for 天賦，才能
a reputation for 名譽(yù)，聲望 responsibility for 責(zé)任，職責(zé)
sorrow for 對……感到悲痛 a talent for 才能，天資 vote for 投票贊成
favourable for 適宜 late for 遲到 anxious for 渴望 competent for 勝任
for good (and all) 永遠(yuǎn) for the sake of 為……緣故 for the better 好轉(zhuǎn)
for the purpose of 為……目的 for a change 改變一下
for the time being 暫時(shí) for fear of 以免 an affection for 喜歡……
application for 申請 (make) preparation for 為……作準(zhǔn)備
blame for 責(zé)怪，責(zé)備 cause for 理由 readiness for 為……準(zhǔn)備就緒
an occasion for 時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì) a demand for 需要，需求
evidence for 證據(jù)，根據(jù) a fondness for 喜歡 a reason for ……理由
a respect for 尊敬，尊重 a search for 搜尋，找尋 sympathy for 同情
taste for 喜好，愛好 famous for 因……出名 ready for 為……準(zhǔn)備好
eager for 迫切要 hungry for 渴望 convenient for 方便 for short 簡稱
for certain 肯定地 for ages 很久 for the benefit of 為……利益
for anything 無論如何 for want/lack of 缺乏 for the present 暫時(shí)
例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.
我愿重復(fù)一下我的開場白，以便讓剛?cè)雸龅娜艘材苈牭健?/p>
New York is famous for its skyscrapers.
紐約以其摩天大樓而著稱。
His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.
他晚到的理由是火車晚點(diǎn)了。
This new school will have no playground for the time being.
這所新學(xué)校將暫時(shí)沒有操場。
If one does not have respect for oneself, one can't expect others to respect him.
如果一個(gè)人不能自重，那么就別指望別人尊敬他。
Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.
沒有人確切知道地球的年齡。
6. From
1.[表示起點(diǎn)]從…（起） 2.[表示來源]自，從…中 3.[表示根據(jù)]據(jù)，從…
4.[表示原因、動(dòng)機(jī)]出于 5.[表示原料]由 6.[表示情況、狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變]從
7.[表示脫離、離開]離 8.[表示去除、免掉、阻止等] 9.[表示識(shí)別、區(qū)別]
10.[后接副詞或介詞短語]從
different from 與……不同 absent from 缺席 safe from 安全 remote from 遠(yuǎn)離……
free from 免受…… separate…from 把……分離 protection from 保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)
retirement from 退休 die from (因受傷、饑寒等)死亡 discourage … from 勸……不做
keep … from 使……不做 (某事) prohibit … from 禁止，阻止 distant from 遠(yuǎn)離
recover from 恢復(fù)，康復(fù) hear from 接到……的信(或電報(bào)等) distinct from 有差別
stop … (from) 勸阻……不 from bad to worse 每況愈下，愈來愈壞
from first to last 始終，一直 from now on 自現(xiàn)在起 recover from 復(fù)原
absence from 缺席，不在場 relief from 消除，免除 prevent … (from) 阻止
differ from 與……不同，相異 dismiss … from 解雇，使……離職
infer … from 從……推論出 protect … from 保護(hù)……以免 resign from 辭職 suffer from 受……之苦 tell … from 把……與……區(qū)分開來
from a distance 從遠(yuǎn)處，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地 from the heart 誠心誠意地 from the first 從一開始
例如：
From the first I disliked him.
從一開始我就不喜歡他。
The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
患心臟病的人數(shù)已經(jīng)上升了許多。
Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.
愛倫和我在同一個(gè)歷史班，但他的作業(yè)跟我的不同。
I thank you from the heart.
我衷心感謝你。
We are prohibited from smoking on school grounds.
我們不準(zhǔn)在校園內(nèi)吸煙。
It is difficult to think of Hong Kong island as distinct from Kowloon.
很難設(shè)想香港島與九龍會(huì)有什么差別。
Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.
運(yùn)動(dòng)和游戲能使我們的體魄強(qiáng)壯，防止過胖，保持健康。
7. In
1.[表示地點(diǎn)、場所、部位]在…（里面） 2.[表示時(shí)間]在…期間，在…以后
3.[表示過程]在…過程中 4.[表示范圍、領(lǐng)域]在…方面 5.[表示狀態(tài)、情況]處在…中
6.[表示職業(yè)、活動(dòng)]從事于，參加 7.[表示地位、形式、方式等]以，按照，符合于
8.[表示表達(dá)方式、手段、原材料等]以，用 9.[表示數(shù)量、程度、比例]按，以
10.[表示服飾]穿著，戴著 11.[表示方向]朝，向 12.[表示含量]在…中
13.[表示目的]作為 14.[表示動(dòng)作的對象]于
assist in 幫助做某事 consist in 在于 engage in 從事，參與 give in 讓步，妥協(xié)
specialize in 專攻，專門研究 take in 欺騙，收容 in addition to 除……以外
belief in 信仰，相信 a delight in 以……為樂 an expert in 專家，能手
a pride in 自豪 play a role in 在……方面起作用 (there's no) sense in (做某事沒)道理 skill in 在……的技巧、技能 a fall in 下降，減少 investment in 投資
success in 成功 successful in 在……成功 accurate in 精確
rich in 富于，盛產(chǎn) absorbed in 專心于 experienced in 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
in the right 有理，正當(dāng) in terms of 用……術(shù)語 in case of 假使，萬一
in fact 事實(shí)上 in the event of 萬一 in one's opinion 根據(jù)……見解
in bloom 開著花 in the direction of 朝……方向 in comparison with 與……比較 in possession of 擁有，占有 in view of 由于，考慮到 in any event 無論如何
in the course of 在……過程中 in short 簡言之 believe in 信仰，信賴
end in 以……告終 invest … in 在……投資succeed in 在……方面獲得成功 confidence in 信任，相信 difficulty in 困難，困境 pleasure in 高興
a rise in 上漲，增長 (there is no) point in (做某事沒)有意義 There's no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 專家 an interest in 興趣，關(guān)心 trouble in 苦惱，麻煩
interested in 對……感興趣 fortunate in 有幸 constant in 對……持久
lacking in 缺乏 expert in 在……熟練 confident in 信任 in time 及時(shí)
in the interest of 為了……利益 in support of 支持，擁護(hù) in turn 依次
in need of 需要…… in conclusion 最后，總之 in stock 存貨
in effect 實(shí)際上 in respect of 關(guān)于，涉及 in connection with 與……相關(guān)
in circles 毫無進(jìn)展，兜圈子 in touch with 和……接觸
例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.
我們希望我們應(yīng)再次彼此信任。
In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.
總之，我是不會(huì)接受邀請的。
We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.
我們必須放棄這一計(jì)劃，因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)鄙儋Y金。
This shop specializes in tea and coffee.
這家商店專營茶葉和咖啡。
He wants to have a rise in wages.
他想要增加工資。
In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population.
與英格蘭相比，愛爾蘭人口很少。
8. Into
1.[表示動(dòng)作的方向]到…里面 2.[表示時(shí)間]進(jìn)入到，直到 3.[表示變化]成為，轉(zhuǎn)為
4.觸及 5.從事，承擔(dān) 6.[數(shù)]除
argue … into 說服……做 frighten … into 恐嚇……做 run into 碰見
turn … into 把……變成 divide … into 把……分成 translate … into 把……翻譯成 force … into 迫使……做 crash into 撞到……上 burst into 突然開始，闖入
reason … into 說服……做 talk … into 說服……做 trick … into 誘騙……做 pull into （把）（車、船等）駛?cè)?cut into 切入，減少，插話
change … into 把……變成 break into 突然闖入
例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.
一聽到這一不幸消息，她突然哭了起來。
The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.
出租車司機(jī)把車開到路邊飯店打算吃點(diǎn)東西。
They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.
他們嚇唬老太太簽了合同。
9. Of
1.（屬于）…的 2.（關(guān)于）…的 3.[表示同位、相似] 4. [表示數(shù)量或種類]
5. [表示具有某種性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容、狀況等] 6.[表示部分或全部] 7.[表示…中最突出的] 8.[表示在…方面] 9.[表示在…一方] 10.來自…的，由…所著 11.由于，因?yàn)?/p>
12.由…組成（或構(gòu)成）的 13.[表示動(dòng)作的對象] 14.[表示動(dòng)作的主體]
15.[表示方位、時(shí)間、距離等的范圍] 16.用于…的
worthy of 值得 tired of厭倦 considerate of 體貼 aware of 知道
conscious of 認(rèn)識(shí)到 proud of 驕傲 composed of 由……組成
certain of 確信 regardless of 不管 fond of 喜愛 ashamed of 害臊
innocent of 清白，無罪 approve of 贊成，批準(zhǔn) consist of 由……組成
inform … of 通知 rob … of 搶劫 convince … of 使……確信
suspect … of 懷疑 sick of 厭惡，厭倦 guilty of 犯罪 ignorant of 忽視
accuse … of 控告(某人) assure … of 使……確信 hear of 聽說
remind … of 使想起，提醒 smell of 有……氣味 speak of 談到，提及
cure … of 治愈……病 die of 死于（疾病、情感等）
例如：
Mr. Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.
Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.
He is worthy of the honour.
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
I was sick of her way of dancing.
10. To
1.[表示方向、目的地、距離]到、向、離 2.[表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)的變化]趨于，傾向于
3.[表示時(shí)間]直到…為止 4.[表示程度、范圍等]到，達(dá)到
5.[表示相對的位置或反應(yīng)]對，面對 6.[表示接近、接觸]在，緊靠著
7.[表示歸屬、附加]屬于，加于 8.[表示比較、對比]比 9.[表示目的、意圖]為了 10.[表示關(guān)聯(lián)、關(guān)系]對于 11.[表示相符、適應(yīng)]按照，根據(jù) 12.[表示結(jié)果]致使
13.[表示動(dòng)作的對象]對，于
access to 進(jìn)入，通道 pay attention to 注意…… exposure to 暴露
injury to 損傷，傷害 an objection to 反對 object to 反對
dedication to 獻(xiàn)身，熱愛 resistance to 阻力，抵抗 similarity to 類似，相似
similar to 相似，相同 indifferent to 不在乎 equal to 等于 add to 增加，加強(qiáng)
devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于 contrary to 違反，相反 adapt to 使習(xí)慣 belong to 屬于
amount to 相當(dāng)于，等于 owe … to 把……歸功于 report to 報(bào)到
stick to 堅(jiān)持 to a certain extent 在一定程度上 an attitude to 態(tài)度 lead to 導(dǎo)致
(attach) importance to 重視 a limit to限制 contribution to 貢獻(xiàn)，捐助
a response to 反應(yīng)，響應(yīng) pay a visit to 訪問，拜訪 grateful to 感激
prefer to 寧可，更喜歡 sentence … to 宣判 turn to 求助于
to one's liking 合某人意 to one's face 當(dāng)面 to one's benefit 對……有益
to one's taste 合……胃口 to one’s satisfaction 使某人滿意
例如：
He answered the questions to everybody's satisfaction.
他回答了問題，使人人都很滿意。
I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.
我反對這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，理由是費(fèi)用過于龐大。
Your computer is similar to mine.
你的計(jì)算機(jī)與我的相似。
I sympathize with her only to a certain extent.
我只是在一定程度上同情她。
He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine.
他將一生獻(xiàn)給了醫(yī)學(xué)事業(yè)。
11. On
1.在…上 2.在…旁，沿著 3.向著，對著 4.在…時(shí)候，在…后立即
5.根據(jù)，憑 6.關(guān)于，論及 7.是…成員，在…供職 8.在從事…中，處于…情況中
9.通過，以…的方式 10.帶在…身上
advice on 忠告，意見 an attack on 襲擊，攻擊 depend on 依靠，依賴
an emphasis on 強(qiáng)調(diào)，重點(diǎn) (keep) an eye on 照看，注意 an influence on 影響
(have) mercy on 憐憫，對…表示同情 act on 對……起作用 base on 以……為基礎(chǔ)
concentrate … on 將(思想、精力)集中于，全神貫注 focus on 把……集中在……上
live on 靠……生活，以……為主食 wait on 侍候 on the increase 正在增長
on bad (good) terms with 與……不友好(友好) on no account 決不 on fire 著火
on average 平均說來 on the contrary 相反，反之 on behalf of 代表，為了
a comment on 評論 an effect on 對……的作用 an expert on 專家，能手
an impression on 印象，感覺 (play) a joke on 開……的玩笑 a report on 報(bào)告，匯報(bào) research on 研究，探討 agree on 對……取得一致意見 call on 拜訪，詢問
congratulate … on 祝賀 count on 依靠，指望 get on 上(車，船等)
insist on 堅(jiān)持 operate on 給……動(dòng)手術(shù) on demand 一經(jīng)請求 on guard 警戒
on the whole 總的看來，大體上 on business 因公，公事 on the basis 以……為基礎(chǔ) on purpose 故意地
例如：
He has done a great deal of research on that subject.
他對那個(gè)專題已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了大量的研究。
The house at the end of the street was on fire.
街另一頭的房子著了火。
The two sides agreed on a cease-fire.
雙方達(dá)成停火協(xié)議。
The total influence of literature on the course of human history is difficult to evaluate.
很難評估文學(xué)對人類歷史進(jìn)程的影響究竟有多大。
On the whole, he is misunderstood by most people.
總的看來，他被大多數(shù)人所誤解了。
When I heard that he had passed the exam, I phoned him to congratulate him on his success.
當(dāng)我聽到他考試通過時(shí)，便打電話祝賀他的成功。
12. With
1.和…（一起） 2.在…邊，贊同 3.具有，帶有，穿著 4.作為…的成員
5.在…身上，在…身邊6.由…負(fù)責(zé)（或處理）7.[表示同時(shí)、同一方向、同等程度]隨著 8.[表示使用的工具、手段等]用 9.[表示行為方式]以…，帶著 10.由于
11.對…，就…來說 12.[表示相對、相離] 13.盡管
an appointment with 約會(huì)，約見 concern with 關(guān)注 (fall in) love with 愛上
crowded with 擁擠 familiar with 精通，熟悉 patient with 對……耐心
angry with 生氣 popular with 受歡迎 begin with 以……開始 with ease 輕易地
deal with 處理，對付 charge … with 控告，指責(zé) provide … with 裝備，供給 with an eye to 著眼于 with regard to 關(guān)于 (in) combination with 與……結(jié)合 connection with 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系 contact with 接觸 satisfied with 對……滿意
keep in touch with 與……保持聯(lián)系 busy with 忙于 friendly with 與……友好 ill with 有病 disappointed with 失望 concerned with 關(guān)心 with respect to 關(guān)于
agree with 同意 (某人的意見) cooperate with 與……合作 do away with 廢除，取消 come up with 想出 keep up with 跟上 share … with 與……合用
with reference to 關(guān)于
例如：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了一個(gè)增加銷售額的新主意。
He kept in touch with her family while he was overseas.
他在海外時(shí)一直與家人保持著聯(lián)系。
I have no connection with that firm.
我與那個(gè)公司沒有關(guān)系。