1. cultural relics 文化遺跡 2. base...on... / be based on… 以……為依據(jù)；根據(jù)…… e.g. ①One should always base one’s opinions on facts.意見應以事實為根據(jù)。 ②This news report is based entirely on fact.這篇新聞報道是完全根據(jù)實際情況寫成的。
3. send … into space 把……發(fā)射到太空 space作 “太空”講時，通常前面沒有冠詞。 4. select，choose與pick out 的區(qū)別：三者都有“選擇”之意，但它們的語意各有側重。select是“精選”之意，指有目的地、認真地按照一定標準在一些人或東西中選出一些好的，棄掉一些差的；choose使用范圍廣，通常指在所提供的對象中，憑個人的判斷力進行選擇，意為“挑選出來”，而不強調(diào)“精選”；pick out比較口語化，指按個人喜好或希望進行挑選，有“仔細挑選”的意思。 e.g. ①You can choose any book you like. 你可以選擇你喜歡的書。 ②We must select some for seeds. 我們要選一些做種子。 ③She picked out the shoes that match the dress. 她挑選出與那條褲子相配的鞋子。 5. represent Chinese culture 代表中國文化 represent是動詞， “代表(=stand for)； （畫面）描繪；（符號等）表示” e.g. ①Our headmaster could not go to the meeting, so Mr. Smith represented him. 我們的校長不能去參加會議，所以史密斯先生代表他去了。 ②The sign "&" represents the word "and". 符號＆代表單詞“and”之意。 ③This painting represents a storm of sea.這幅畫描繪了海上風暴的景色。 ［短語］represent oneself as自稱； be representative of代表，表示 6. include，including，included和contain的區(qū)別：1) include只能用作及物動詞，意思是“包括；包含”。它側重指包含者是整體的一部分。如：①The book includes two chapters on grammar. 這本書有兩章關于語法的。 ②The list includes many new names. 名單上有許多新名字。 2) including是現(xiàn)在分詞，在許多情況下用作介詞，后面可直接跟賓語，含有補充說明之意。如：③Thirty passengers were hurt, including 5 children. 三十個人受傷，包括五個孩子。3) included是過去分詞，在表示“包括……在內(nèi)”時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，起著“補充說明”的作用。如：④They will send you the book for $ 15, postage included. 他們將把此書寄給你，單價15美元，包括郵資在內(nèi)。 4) contain也有“包含；含有”的意思。它指包含者是某物的組成部分（或內(nèi)容）。如： ⑤Orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy. 橙汁里含有有益于健康的東西。 ⑥Sea water contains salt. 海水里含有鹽。 7. What shall we put in? 我們該把什么放進去呢？ shall表達征求對方的意見和指示時，用于第一、三人稱。 e.g. Shall he come to see you? 你說要不要他來看你？ will表示此意時用于第二人稱。 e.g. Will you tell him about the news some time later? 你能以后找個時間告訴他這個消息嗎？
8. Can’t we put in…? “我們放進……，好嗎？” 這是一個否定疑問句，可用于表達：1) 建議或邀請。如：①-Won’t you go
and see the film? -Yes, I think I will. -你不去看電影嗎？ -不，我想去。 2) 感嘆。如：②Isn’t it a cold day? 天多冷啊！
3) 驚訝、懷疑或責備。如：③Don’t you know my telephone number? 難道你不知道我的電話號碼嗎？ 9. What / How about
+ n. / pron. / doing…? ……怎么樣？ 10. Why not do…? / Why don’t you do…? 為什么不……？ 11. Where there is a river,
there is a city. 哪里有河流，哪里就有城市。 where在句中用作連詞，用來引導地點狀語從句。e.g. ①We should go where we
are most needed by the Party. 我們應該到黨最需要我們的地方去。②Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。
注：where引起狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：where引起狀語從句時，其前面無先行詞，where也不能換成“介詞+which”；
where引起定語從句時，其前面有名詞作先行詞，where可以換成“介詞+which”。e.g. ③Make marks where you have any
questions.（狀語從句） ④Make marks at the place where you have any questions.（定語從句） 在你有問題的地方做上標記。
12. It is true that many of the world's greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river. 這里的“it”叫形式主語，真正的主語是“that”引導的從句。it 作形式主語的句型常見的有：1) It +be+過去分詞+ that 從句 如：①It is said that they have invented
a new type of computer. 據(jù)說他們已發(fā)明了一種新型的計算機。②It is believed that China will become one of the strongest
countries in the world. 人們相信，中國將成為世界上最強大的國家之一。 本句型常用的動詞有say, hope, think, suppose, expect,
report, know, believe, decide等。 2) It +be+形容詞+that 從句 如：① It was really surprising that she married a man like that. 她嫁了那樣一個人，這真叫人吃驚。② It is probable that she will be a little late. 她可能要遲到一會兒。 3) It + be+名詞+that 從句
如：① It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film yesterday. 昨天你沒去看電影，真讓人惋惜。②It is a truth that there would be
no New China without the Communist Party. 沒有共產(chǎn)黨，就沒有新中國，這是一個真理。 4) It +seems / happens / appears等不及物動詞+that 從句。如：①It seems that he enjoys pop music very much. 看來他非常喜歡流行音樂。 ② It appears that Tom
might change his mind.看來湯姆會改變主意。 5)如果句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。如：① Does it matter much
that they won't come tomorrow? 他們明天不來要不要緊？ ② Is it true that he will go abroad next week? 他下周要出國，這是真的嗎？ on (the banks of) a river 在河邊 13. flow through 流經(jīng) 14. be proud of/ take pride in 為……感到驕傲
15. look like 看起來像 16. out of (=from)a fairy tale 從童話/神話中 17. under attack 遭受攻擊 under表示“在……（狀態(tài)）中，在……（情況）下”，表示所處的情況、條件或在進行的過程中。 under repair 正在修理 under study 正在研究 under construction 正在建設 18. give in (vi.) to sb. / sth. 向某人/某物投降，屈服，讓步 (vt.) give sth. in (to sb.) 將某物呈交/上交（給某人） give away 贈送，分發(fā)；泄露 give off 發(fā)出（煙、熱、光等） give out 耗盡；筋疲力盡 give up (vt.) 放棄；不再做……(give up doing)；讓出 19. burn vt. / vi. 1) 燒（掉）；燒毀 e.g. ①He burned all her letters. 他把她所有的來信都燒了。 2) 燙著；燒著；燒焦；曬黑 e.g. ②Hot water will burn you. 熱水會燙著你。③Be careful not to burn the meat. 小心別把肉燒糊了。④You are much more burned by the sun than I (am). 你被太陽曬得比我黑多了。 3) 燃燒，燃著 e.g. ⑤Paper burns easily. 紙容易著。 4) （臉部）緋紅，（皮膚）發(fā)燙 e.g. ⑥Her cheeks were burning with shame. 她羞得雙頰緋紅。 5) 迫切想（做某事） e.g. ⑦She is burning to tell you the news. 她迫切地想告訴你那個消息。 20. in ruins 成為廢墟；遭到嚴重破壞；落空 ruin n. 毀壞；破壞［U］ 廢墟；遺跡（常用復數(shù)） 21. lay in pieces on the ground破爛不堪地散落在地上 lay是lie（躺；位于；處于某種狀態(tài)）的過去式 lie、lied、lied、lying說謊；撒謊 lie、lay、lain、lying躺；平躺；位于 lay、laid、laid、laying擺放；產(chǎn)卵 in pieces 成碎片，破碎；落空 22. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible. = To restore the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible. = It seemed impossible to restore the city and its cultural relics. seem 系動詞，“似乎；好像；仿佛” seem + (to be) + adj. / n. seem to do sth. It seems / seemed (to sb.) that…
e.g. She seems to be right. = It seems (to me) that she is right. 23. do everything / all (that) sb. can/could to do; do what sb. can/could to do 盡力做 to do表目的 24. bring…(back) to life 使恢復；使蘇醒；使生動 e.g. ①They did all they could to bring him (back) to life. 他們盡一切努力使他蘇醒。②A great actor can bring a character to life. 一個偉大的演員能讓角色生動起來。 25. with the help of … 在……的幫助下 26. be able to = manage to do/succeed in doing 表示設法做成了某事，側重結果 can 指具備做某事的能力，沒有結果 27. bring back 歸還；使記起；使回憶；使恢復 28. replace the missing pieces 替換不見的部分 missing與lost的區(qū)別：都可以表示“丟失；失去”等意思，但含義和用法不同：missing表示“已不在適當?shù)幕蛩诖奈恢谩�，強調(diào)應該有而缺少；lost表示“丟失”之意，語氣較強，一般指某物丟失，不易找回來了。如：①On the table there is a book with two pages missing. 桌子上有本少了兩頁的書。 ②They are looking for the missing / lost child who lost his parents when he was a child. 他們正在尋找失蹤的孩子，這孩子小時候就失去了父母。 29. once again 再一次
30. look out over 俯瞰 31. come true 實現(xiàn)；達到（無被動） 32. Strong, proud and united, they are the modern heroes of Russia. 他們堅強，自豪，團結一致，是當代的俄羅斯英雄。 形容詞作狀語，說明句子主語的特征和性質。 unite v. 聯(lián)合；團結 united adj. 團結的 33. change one’s mind 改變主意 34. pull down 拆掉；推毀；推翻 35. set up/build/make a website 創(chuàng)立/設立網(wǎng)站 36. It is said that… = 主語+ be + said to do / be… 據(jù)說…… know, report, believe, think, announce等也可用于此結構中。 37. cultural relics repair project 文化遺址修復工程 38. keep the same look as the old one 保持和原來一樣的外觀 39. so far “迄今為止；到目前為止”，作狀語，謂語動詞用完成時態(tài) 40. repairs n. 常用復數(shù)形式，“修理；修繕” e.g. do/carry out repairs to a damaged car 修理受損的汽車 注：repair作定語時一般不用復數(shù) e.g. They are planning to build a car repair shop. 他們正計劃建一座汽修廠。 在以下短語中repair不用復數(shù)：in (good) repair 處于完好狀態(tài) in bad repair 年久失修 out of repair 壞了（不能使用了） under repair 正在修理 41. official n. 官員；公務員（指政府部門的） adj. 官方的；正式的 an official language 官方語言 pay an official visit to… 對……進行正式訪問 42. to make your voice heard 為了讓別人聽到你的心聲（不定式作目的狀語） make在表示“使得、讓”之意時，常用“make+賓語+賓補”的結構；賓補可為：形容詞、不帶to的不定式、名詞、過去分詞。如：①He tried to make us happy. 他設法使我們高興。②What makes you think so? 什么使你這樣想呢？③We made her our team leader. 我們選她當隊長。（名詞前不加冠詞）④He soon made himself understood. 他很快使別人懂得了他的意思。 43. air pollution 空氣污染 pollute v. 污染；使臟 44. human beings = humans 45. breath n. ［U］呼吸 ［C］一口氣；一點微風 take a deep breath 深深吸一口氣 take breath 歇一歇，喘口氣 hold one’s breath 屏息 out of breath 氣喘吁吁地 breathe v. 呼吸 46. limit n. ［C］ 限度；限制；極限 There is a limit to / are limits to… ……是有限的 without limit 無限地 speed limit 限速 vt. 限制；限定 limit…to… e.g. Our holidays are limited to one week. 我們的假期被限制在一周。 limited adj. 有限的（多作表語） limitless adj. 無限地
Unit 8 Sports
1. the five Olympic rings 奧運五環(huán) 2. stand for 代表，代替，象征；主張，主持 e.g. ①USA stands for the United States of America. USA代表美利堅合眾國。 ②The letters UK stand for the United Kingdom. 字母UK代表聯(lián)合王國。 ③We stand for freedom of speech. 我們主張言論自由。 3. well-known adj. “著名的，有名的；眾所周知的”，在句中作定語或表語。作表語時不加連字符。 e.g. She was well known as an excellent dancer. 她被稱為是一位杰出的舞蹈家。 4. gold medal 金牌 silver medal 銀牌 bronze medal 銅牌 5. because of 因為，由于（后接短語） because 因為（連接句子） 6. the host city 主辦城市 host為名詞，作定語，“東道主，主人”（女主人為hostess）。作動詞表示“招待（客人），主辦，做東”。 7. track and field 田徑 8. worth為表語形容詞，意思是“值（多少錢）；相當于……的價值”或“值的”。常用于以下句型：be worth + money (the price)值多少錢（價） be (well) worth doing sth. / n. （很）值得做某事。如：①It was worth five hundred francs at the most. 它至多值 500法郎。②The place is well worth a visit / visiting. It is well worth visiting the place. 這地方很值得游玩。③How much is the necklace worth? 這個項鏈值多少錢？ 注：be worth后接動名詞的主動式，表示被動的含義。 9. point n. ［C］ 得分，點數(shù)；點；小數(shù)點；尖端；論點；意義 e.g. a turning point 轉折點 five point three 5.3 the point of the needle 針尖 language points 語言點 What’s the point in doing so? 這樣做有什么意義？ 比較：score作名詞時，表示“得分記錄”，即積分的結果。而point則著重指計算得分的點數(shù)、小分。 10. congratulation n. 常用復數(shù)，“恭喜；祝賀；賀詞”，常與on連用 e.g. to offer one’s congratulations on her success 對她的成功表示祝賀 congratulate vt. “恭喜；道賀；向……致祝詞” e.g. I congratulated my friend on her birthday. 我向我的朋友祝賀生日。 11. You do not seem interested in sports. = It seems that you are not interested in sports. 你似乎對體育不感興趣。 12. tie （和……）打成平局 e.g. They tied for first place in the game. 他們在比賽中打成平局，并列第一。 13. the first two singles matches 前兩場單打比賽 in the last few days 在最后的幾天里 the first ten pages 前十頁 the top three people 前三名 singles / doubles 單/雙打 14. win sth. beat / defeat sb.
15. favourite n. 特別喜歡的人（或物），喜歡的事物，親信，心腹，幸運兒 e.g. ①These novels are my favourites. 這些小說是我的最愛。 adj. 喜歡的，寵愛的，中意的 e.g. ②Oranges are my favourite fruit. 桔子是我最喜愛的水果。 注：favourite本身含有最高級的含義。 16. prefer vt. ( preferring, preferred) “寧愿；較喜歡；更喜歡”，常用于以下句型：l) prefer + n. / pron喜歡……； 2) prefer doing /to do sth. 寧愿做某事； 3) prefer sb. to do sth. 寧愿某人做某事； 4) prefer sth. to be done 寧可某事被……； 5) prefer sth. to sth. 喜歡某物，而不喜歡某物； 6) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事；
7) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事 17. would rather 情態(tài)動詞，表主觀上的愿望和選擇，“寧愿……”，后接動詞原形 would rather (not) do sth. 寧愿（不）做某事 would rather do sth. rather than do sth. 寧可做某事而不愿做某事 18. 1) take part in “參加，參與”，后接表示會議、勞動或者文娛體育等活動的名詞，主語是活動的積極參與者。 2) join作及物動詞用，是指以平等地位“加入”到某一組織團體或人群中并成為其中一員。 3) join in 指“參加”一群人的某種活動。 4) join sb. in (doing) sth. “和某人一起做某事”。 5) attend是指參加、出席會議、聚會、講座等。
e.g. ①Many students took part in (joined in) the game. 許多學生參加了這個比賽。 ②All my friends join me in wishing you a happy birthday. 我的所有朋友和我一起祝你生日快樂。 ③He joined the army (party) three years ago. 三年前他參了軍（入了黨）。 It is three years since he joined the army (party). He has been in the army (party) for three years. He has been a soldier (a party member) for three years. 他參軍（入黨）有三年了。 ④attend a meeting 出席會議 attend the concert 去聽音樂會 attend the lecture 聽講座 attend the wedding 參加婚禮 19. take part in (join in) the Olympic Games / the Olympics 參加奧運會
20. 1) every + 基數(shù)詞十復數(shù)名詞 2) every十序數(shù)詞十單數(shù)名詞 “每……” 3) every other十單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 “每隔一……”
4) every few十復數(shù)名詞 “每隔幾……” e.g. every four days (every fourth day) 每四天（每隔三天） every three or four days每三四天 every other day (line) 每隔一天（行） every few days 每幾天 21. 1) the same as +單詞或短語（沒有謂語動詞） e.g. ①This is the same as that. 這個與那個一樣。 ②Your coat is the same as mine (my coat). 你的外套與我的一樣。 2) the same + n. + as +n.(pron.)“……與……相同” the same+ n. + as+定語從句“與……相似” e.g. ③I have bought the same car as yours.我買了一輛與你一樣的車。④I have bought the same car as you have. 3)the same+ n. + that引導的定語從句 “與……是同一個” e.g. ⑤Look ! This is the same girl that begged from door to door the other day. 看！那個女孩就是前幾天沿門討飯的那一個。
22. compete vi. 競爭；比賽 compete in ( a game, a match) 參加…… compete with/against sb. 和某人競爭 compete for (a prize, a medal, the first place) 角逐…… competition n. 競爭；比賽 in competition with 與……競賽 competitor n. 比賽者
23. allow vt. “準許；允許”，常用于以下句型： 1) allow doing sth. 允許做某事 2) allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 3) sb. be (not)allowed to do sth. 某人（不）被允許做某事 4) allow sb. in (out) 允許某人進來（出去） e.g. ①Please allow me to introduce myself to you. 請允許我向你們作自我介紹。 ②They do not allow smoking here. 他們這兒不允許吸煙。 ③The government servants aren’t allowed to accept rewards. 公務員不得接受酬謝。 24. in modern times 在現(xiàn)代 in ancient / old times 在古代 25. The first Olympic Games in modern times happened / took place / were held in 1896. 第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會在1896年舉行。 26. further adj. / adv. 1) 更遠的；較遠的 2) 另外的；進一步的；深一層的 3) 而且；另外；再者 e.g. ①Do you need further help? ②It s getting dark. We had better not go any further. 27. do one’s best (to do sth.) / try one’s best (to do sth.) / do what sb. can (to do sth.) / do all/everything (that) sb. can (to do sth.) / make every possible effort (to do sth.) / make the greatest effort (to do sth.) 盡力（做某事） 28. rank vi. 排名；列為 vt. 把……分等級；把……列隊 rank with / among… 名列……中；屬……之列 29. the competing countries 參賽國家 30. make history 創(chuàng)造歷史（固定短語） history-making 合成形容詞，“創(chuàng)歷史的” 31. prepare vt. “準備；預備”，主要有以下用法：1) prepare sth. 準備……（賓語必須是這一動作的直接承受者） e.g. ①Mom is busy preparing supper now. 媽媽現(xiàn)在正忙著準備晚飯。 2) prepare for sth. 為……做準備（for的賓語不是這一動作的直接承受者，而是表示準備的目的） e.g. ②What special food do people prepare for the Spring Festival? 春節(jié)人們準備什么特殊食物？She was going to prepare for her trip.她在為旅行做準備。 3) prepare to do sth. 準備做…… e.g. ③We are busy preparing to go on holidays. 我們正在忙著準備休假。 4) be prepared to do sth. 已做了充分準備做……；樂意做…… e.g. ④We are prepared to supply you with all that you want. 我們做好了充分的準備提供你所需要的一切。 5) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人為……做準備 e.g.⑤The teacher prepared the students for the coming exams. 老師使學生為即將到來的考試做好準備。 preparation n. ［C, U］ “準備”，常用于以下結構： be in preparation在準備中 in preparation for（介詞短語）為……做準備 make preparations for為……做準備 32. light the Olympic torch 點燃奧運火炬 33. welcome 1)動詞。 e.g. ①Mr. Hunt welcomed us to his house. 亨特先生迎接我們進屋。 但是一般情況下，welcome前面常常不用主語。 e.g. ②Welcome back the national table-tennis team. 歡迎國家乒乓球隊歸來。 注：welcome的過去式和過去分詞為welcomed，welcomed。 2) 感嘆詞。通常和地點副詞或to + 表示地點的名詞連用。 e.g. ③Welcome home! 歡迎回家！ Welcome to our school! 歡迎來我們學校。 注：用作感嘆詞時后面不能接賓語。如不能說：Welcome you to our school! 3) 名詞。 e.g. ④We received a friendly welcome. 我們受到了很友好的歡迎。 4) 形容詞，“受歡迎的，可以隨意享用的，不用客氣的”。 e.g.⑤You are a welcome guest. 您是位受歡迎的客人。 ⑥You are welcome to (use) my dictionary. 你可以隨意使用我的字典。 5) You are welcome. 別客氣。/ 不用謝。 34. sports fan “體育迷”，sports在此作定語。名詞作定語時，多用單數(shù)形式，但sport作定語時，則須用復數(shù)形式。 35. honour n. ［C］常與不定冠詞連用，意為“光榮（增光）的人或事” ［U］“榮譽；尊敬” e.g. ①He considered it a great honour to be invited there. 他認為被邀請去那兒是件很榮幸的事。 ②The athletes competed for the honour of their country. 運動員們?yōu)榱藝业臉s譽而競爭。 36. have an effect on / upon… 對……有影響/起作用 effect前可加上相應的形容詞來進行修飾。 37. tens of thousands of 成千上萬 38. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 e.g. He encouraged me to have a try. 他鼓勵我試一試。 另：discourage sb. from doing. 打消某人做某事的念頭， （使）氣餒 39. by hand 手工；用手制作 40. score n. （比賽等的）得分，比分；（考試等的）分數(shù)，成績 a score of… v. （體育比賽中）得分 41. 1) more than + n. / adj. / v. “不止，不只是；非�！� e.g. ①He is more than a professor. He is a writer.
他不僅是教授。也是一名作家。 more than enough 綽綽有余 more than happy 極其高興 2) more + adj. + than + adj. 用于主語本身的兩種品質的比較，強調(diào)more之后的adj.，“與其說……，倒不如說……” e.g. ②I’m more disappointed than angry. 與其說我生氣，倒不說我失望。 3)“more than one + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“more + 復數(shù)名詞 + than one”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 e.g. ③ More than one student has seen the film. / More students than one have seen the film. 不止一個學生看過這部電影。 42. skill n. ［C, U］ “技巧，技藝，技能” skilled adj. “有技能的；需要技術的” skillful adj. “熟練的；技術很高的” e.g. a skilled job 技術活 a skilled / skillful worker 熟練工人 43. live one’s dream 實踐某人的夢想 live vt.“實踐；經(jīng)歷” live one’s belief 實踐某人信仰 44. How much does he weigh? 他體重多少？ weigh 1) vt. “稱……的重量，掂估……的份量” e.g. ①Cao Chong weighed the elephant. 曹沖稱象。 2) vi. “重量為……” e.g. ②It weighs 12 kilos. 它重12千克。 3) weight n. 重量 weightlifting 舉重 put on weight 長胖 lose weight 減肥 by weight 按重量 in weight 在重量上 e.g.③They look different, but they are the same in weight. 它們看起來不一樣，但重量相同。 4) weighty adj. 5) weigh表“權衡，比較”，與介詞with / against連用。 E.g. ④He weighed the ideas in his mind. 他在腦子里比較這些意見。 ⑤Weigh one plan against another. 把一個計劃和另一個計劃進行比較。 45. win the titles 贏得稱號/頭銜 46. How tall is he? 他有多高？ 47. turn professional 成為職業(yè)運動員 turn為系動詞，意為“變成，成為”，后跟名詞作表語時，該名詞前不帶冠詞。 e.g. He turned teacher in 1980. 他在1980年成了一名教師。 48. What makes him great in your eyes? 在你看來什么使他這么偉大？ 49. make sure to do sth. 確保做某事 50. facial expressions 面部表情
Unit 9 Technology
1. be good at “擅長于，善于”，后接n. / pron. / doing do well in “在……方面做得好” e.g. He did very well in exams. 他考得很理想。 2. think of 想出；以為；覺得；憶及；考慮；思考 e.g. ①What do you think of my singing? 你覺得我唱得怎么樣？ ②I can’t think of his name at the moment. 我一時想不起他的名字。 ③We are thinking of going to France. 我們正在考慮去法國。 ④Can you think of any explanation for his frequent absence form work? 你能想出什么理由來解釋他經(jīng)常曠工嗎？ 3. as many + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) + as 同級比較，前一個as為副詞，后一個as為連詞，“和……一樣多；有……那么多” e.g. ①Take as many books as you want. 你想拿多少書就拿多少。 ②He has as many books as the library. 他擁有的圖書和圖書館的一樣多。 as much + n.［U］+ as 不可數(shù)名詞的同級比較 e.g. ③I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我沒有原來想的那么多錢。 as adj. a(n) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + as e.g. ④This is as good a car as yours. 這輛車和你的一樣好。 注：表達倍數(shù)的詞或短語應置于第一個as之前。 e.g. ⑤We have twice as many books as yours. 我們的書是你們的兩倍。 4. inside out “里面翻到外面；徹底地”，一般用作狀語。 e.g. ①He often wears his sweater inside out. 他經(jīng)常穿反汗衫。 ②He knew his work inside out. 他十分清楚他的工作。 5. fit on “試穿；穿上（看是否合適）；裝上” fit 1) adj. “合適的，恰當?shù)�，健康的，準備好的�?be fit for 適合于 be fit to do 適合做…… e.g. ①After the interview, the employer concluded that she was fit for the job. 面試后老板下結論說她能勝任這項工作。 ②He isn’t fit to live by himself. 他不適合單獨住。 ③He runs to keep fit. 他跑步為了保持健康。 2) vt. “適合，安裝，使合身，使適應，使合格；安裝；裝備” vi. “適合，符合” e.g. ④Your clothes fit well. 你的衣服很合身。 ⑤Her height fitted her for basketball. 她的身高適合打籃球。 ⑥A man came and fitted the telephone for her. 來了人替她把電話裝上了。 ⑦The trousers don’t fit him. They are too small. 這條褲子他穿不合身，太小了。 6. be used for = be used to do 被用于…… be used as 被用作為 be used to + n. / doing… 習慣于…… used to do 過去經(jīng)�！� 7. everyday life = daily life 日常生活 everyday adj. “日常的，每天的”，只作前置定語。 every day 名詞短語，通常在句中作狀語。 e.g. We must practice speaking English every day. 我們必須每天練習講英語。 8. What does it look like? “它看上去怎么樣？” What … look like? “……看上去如何？”，強調(diào)外表。 What is … like? 表示“詢問天氣狀況、描述事物特征或人的外貌、品德”等。 e.g. ①-What does it look like? 它看上去怎么樣？ –It’s small and square. 它小而方。 ②-What’s the weather like? 今天天氣如何？ -It’s fine. 很好。 ③-What is the new teacher like? 新來的老師（長得）怎么樣？ -He’s tall and thin. 他又高又瘦。 ④-What is Tom like? 湯姆這個人怎么樣？ -He is very honest. 他很誠實。 9. be made of “由……制成”，表示制成成品后仍保留原材料的質地或特征，制作過程僅發(fā)生物理變化。 be made from “由……制成”，表示制成成品后完全失去原材料的質地或特征，制作過程發(fā)生化學變化。 make … out of “用……制作……”，表示從某塊材料中截取部分制作成某成品。 be made into “把……制成；被制成” be made in “在……制造”（in表示制作地方） be made up of “由……組成” 10. sb. takes some time to do sth. 某人花……時間做某事 sth. takes time It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花（某人）……時間 11. Absolutely adv. 1) 絕對地,完全地 2)【口】（用于對答）一點不錯，完全對 e.g. It’s absolutely no business of her. 這件事與她毫不相關。 12. That’s a good point. 你說得有道理。 口語中表示同意的表達還有許多，如：I see what you mean.我明白你的意思。 I couldn’t agree more. 我舉雙手贊成。 13. agree vi. 同意，贊成……的意見，與……一致，承認，適合；vt. 同意 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree + 疑問詞 + to do sth. agree to sth. 同意某事 e.g. agree to a plan / a suggestion / an arrangement 同意（實施） agree on / upon 對……取得一致意見 （主語用復數(shù)） agree with sb. / one’s idea / one’s opinion / what one says 同意某人的話/意見/看法 (sth.) agrees with sb. （食物/氣候等）適合于某人 agree with 與……一致 agree + that-clause 一致認為；同意 e.g. ①We all agreed to start at once. 我們都同意立即出發(fā)。 ②They agreed how to try it. 他們就怎樣試驗取得了一致意見。 ③Our manager didn't agree to
this arrangement. 我們經(jīng)理不同意這種安排。 ④Both parties agreed on the terms of the contract. 雙方就合同中的條款達成了一致意見。 ⑤I don’t agree with him on many things. 我和他在許多事情上意見不一致。 ⑥His words don’t agree with his actions. 他言行不一致。 ⑦The weather here doesn’t agree with him. 這兒的氣候不適合他。 ⑧Finally they agreed that Mary should do
the work. 最后他們同意由瑪麗來做這項工作。 14. It (all) depends. = That (all) depends. 【口】那得看情況（而定）。 depend on / upon 依靠；取決于；從屬于；同……而定 e.g. ①I knew he wasn’t to be depended upon. 我知道他不可信賴。 ②Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 健康依靠的是良好的食物，新鮮的空氣和充足的睡眠。 15. sure adj. “確信的，有把握的；一定的，必定的；確實的；可靠的” be sure of / about 確信的；肯定的 be sure that… be sure to do 一定的；必定的 e.g. ①Are you sure (of it)? 你能肯定嗎？ ②Be sure not to forget. 千萬不要忘記呀。 ③I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把錢放在盒子里了。 ④I’m not sure whether our team will win. 我不能肯定我隊是否能贏。 16. on the go “忙個不停；活躍著；四處奔走；跑來跑去” e.g. ①She has been on the go all day. 她終日忙忙碌碌。 ②Healthy, happy people are usually on the go. 健康快樂的人總是很活躍。 go作名詞可以構成下面的短語：all the go 時髦的；be full of go 精力充沛；have a go at sth. 嘗試著做某事 e.g. ③Leather gloves were all the go last year. 去年流行皮手套。 ④He blew out all the candles on his birthday cake at one go. 他一口氣把生日蛋糕上的蠟燭都吹滅了。 ⑤He is always full of go. 他總是精力充沛。 17. put her hand into her pocket 把手放進口袋 take out sth. 把……拿出來 18. press vt.“按，壓，擠；壓碎，壓破，榨出；熨平（衣服）；催促，催逼，強迫，（極力）勸說” vi. “擠向前，奮力前進；緊迫” n. “勞累，壓力.［U］；印刷機；印刷.［C］；新聞界，輿論，報刊雜志，與the連用；（常大寫）出版社” pressure n. “壓力，勞累，緊張” pressing adj. “緊迫的，緊急的” 19. I should be home in about ten minutes. Should “應該，估計，按理應當”，表推斷、猜測，有一定的主觀根據(jù)的判斷，而非義務，責任等。e.g. ①She should be here any minute. 她該馬上就到。 ②Dinner should be ready by now. 這時候晚飯應該做好了。 in about ten minutes“大約十分鐘以后”，主要用于將來時間。 20. make it + adj. + (for / of sb.) to do sth. it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是to do sth.。常用于這種句型的動詞有：think, find, feel, believe, suppose, consider等。 21. 1) add vt. & vi. “增加，加入（與to連用）；加起來；又說，補充” e.g. ①If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太濃，再加點開水。②May I add a point? 我可以補充一點意見嗎？ ③“I don’t believe it,” he added. 他補充說：“我不相信�！� 2) add to “增加；加強” e.g. ④His illness added to the family’s trouble. 他的病給家里增加了負擔。 3) add…to… “往……加入……” e.g. ⑤Will you add more sugar to your coffee? 你的咖啡要多加些糖嗎？ ⑥Please add my name to the list. 請把我的名字加到名單上。 ⑦If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。 4) add up“合計，加起來” e.g. ⑧These figures don’t add up right. 這些數(shù)字加起來不對。 5) add up to“總共有，總計達” e.g. ⑨His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 他所受的全部學校教育加起來不過一年。 22. latest 時間方面，“最新的，最近的” newest 與oldest相對，說明不陳舊 late adj. / adv. “晚；遲到” later “l(fā)ate的比較級；adv. 后來” lately adv. “最近”(=recently) 23. remind vt. “提醒；使想起” 1) remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事 e.g. ①Please remind me about it again tomorrow in case I forget. 請你明天再提醒我一下免得我忘記。 2) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 e.g. ②The play reminds me of my childhood. 這個戲劇使我想起了我的童年。 ③This film reminded me of those years when I was in the countryside. 這部電影使我回想起在農(nóng)村的歲月。 3) remind sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人（不要）做某事 e.g. ④Please remind him to return the books to the library. 請?zhí)嵝阉堰@些書還給圖書館。 ⑤A student should always remind himself not to be late for class. 學生應當提醒自己上課不要遲到。 4) remind (sb.) that… “使人想起，提醒，警告”e.g. ⑥She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers. 她提醒我還沒有澆花。 24. disturb vt. “擾亂；使騷動；妨礙；干擾；使人心神不寧”，常用于被動語態(tài)。 e.g. ①She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child. 她悄悄地開門以免驚擾睡著的孩子。 ②He was disturbed by the news that you were ill. 聽到你生病的消息后他感到不安。 25. obey(=keep) the rules遵守規(guī)章制度 obey sb. 服從某人 obey orders 服從命令 e.g. ①As a soldier, you must obey orders. 作為軍人，你必須服從命令。 ②The part should obey the whole. 局部應當服從整體。 26. agree not to do sth. 同意不做某事 not agree to do sth. 不同意做某事 注：不可說agree sb. to do sth.，但可說agree with sb. to do sth. 或agree to sb’s doing sth. 27. dare 1) vt.“敢；膽敢” dare to do sth. 敢于做某事 e.g. ①We should dare to think, dare to speak and dare to act. 我們應當敢想，敢說，敢干。 ②The girl dared to walk at night. 那個女孩子敢走夜路。 2) v. aux. 一般用于否定句，疑問句或條件句中。 e.g. ③I dare not climb the hill. 我不敢爬山。 ④Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告訴她真相嗎？ ⑤How dare you say such a thing? 你竟敢說這種話呀？ ⑥If the enemy dare come, they will never be able to get away. 如果敵人膽敢來犯，管叫他們有來無回。 27. too much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 much too 修飾形容詞或副詞 28. seem “似乎，好像”，其用法及搭配有：1) 后接adj. / n./ to do / 分詞 / 介詞短語等作表語。e.g. ①He seems quite pleased with your work. 看來他對你的工作還挺滿意的。 ②He seemed to have a high opinion of you. 他對你好像評價很高。 seem后接to be，注意to be的省略情況。 e.g. ③Tom came to see you this morning. He seemed (to be) tired. 湯姆今天上午來看你，他看上去很疲憊。 ④Yesterday I met a man who seemed (to be) the famous director. 昨天我遇到一個人，他好像是位著名的導演。（名詞由famous修飾） ⑤I spoke to a tall man who seemed to be the boss. （to be不能省略）我和一位看起來像是老板的人談了話。（名詞前無修飾詞） 2) seem有兩種否定形式。 e.g. ⑥She does not seem to be at home. = She seems not to be at home. 她好像不在家。 3) There seems (to be) 好像有，似乎有 e.g. ⑦There seems (to be) something wrong with your computer. 你的電腦好像出故障了。 4) It seems that / as if … 引導詞that/as if有時可省略。 29. need n.“需要；必要；需求” e.g. ①There is no need for you to wait here. 你沒有必要在這兒等了。 in need of 需要 e.g. ②You look tired. You are in need of sleep. 你看來很疲倦，你需要睡眠。 ③Are you in need of help? 你需要幫助嗎？ have a need to do sth. 必須做…… There is a need for / of sth. 需要…… There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）沒有必要做…… vt. “需要；有必要” e.g. ④You don’t need to come if you feel sick. 如果你不舒服，就不必來了。（如果后面的賓語和其主語有邏輯上的動賓關系，要用動名詞的主動形式或動詞不定式的被動形式。） e.g. ⑤These trees need watering / to be watered. 這些樹需要澆水。 30. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 與……保持聯(lián)系（表狀態(tài)）；be in touch with 與……有聯(lián)系（表狀態(tài)）；get in touch with 與……取得聯(lián)系（表動作）；lose touch with 與……失去聯(lián)系（表動作）；be out of touch with 與……失去聯(lián)系（表狀態(tài)） 31. no matter what / who / when / where / how = whatever / whoever / whenever / wherever / however 無論……（引導讓步狀語從句）e.g. ①No matter where you are, you can always find time to study. 無論你在哪里，你都可以擠出時間來學習。 ②No matter who telephones, say I’m out. 不管是誰打電話過來，都說我不在。 ③No matter what he may say, I’ll not change my mind. 無論他說什么我都不會改變主意。 ④No matter how hard it is, you must do your best. 無論多么困難，你都要盡力去干。 32. wh-ever的用法歸納：1)whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可以引導名詞性從句，也可以引導讓步狀語從句，引導讓步狀語從句時，可以換成no matter what/which/who/whom，位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。 e.g. ①Take whatever you want. (賓語從句) 你可以拿你想要的任何東西。②Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主語從句) 不管誰違反了法律都應受到懲罰。③We will complete the work on time, no matter what happens. (狀語從句)=Whatever happens, we will complete the work on time. 不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都將按時完成工作。 2)wherever，whenever，however只能引導讓步狀語從句，可以換成no matter where/when/how，可放在主句前或主句后。 e.g. ④Whenever he goes abroad, he will buy presents for his sister. =No matter when he goes abroad, …. 不論何時出國，他都為他的妹妹買禮物。 ⑤You can go no matter where you like. =You can go wherever you like. 你想去哪里就去吧。 ⑥He can go however he likes. 他愛怎么去就怎么去好了。 注：however還有“無論多么”的意思。 e.g. ⑦However cold it was, he wanted to go swimming. 不管天氣多么冷，他都想去游泳。 ⑧However rich people are, they always want more. 不論有多富，人們總是不停地追求。 however 單獨用還可以表示轉折，意為“但是”。 e.g. ⑨He was ill. However, he went to work. 他病了，但他仍去上班了。 33. 1) whatever…既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句，no matter…只能引導讓步狀語從句。 e.g. ①I don’t care about whatever she does to me. 我不在意她怎么對我。 ②No matter what / Whatever she does to him, he still love her. 無論她怎么對他，他都愛她。 2) whatever引導名詞性從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。 e.g. ③Whatever he did was right. 凡是他做的都是正確的。 ④I’ll send whatever is needed. 需要什么我就送什么。 3) whatever和what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別：whatever相當于anything that，語氣很強，側重泛指；what相當于all that，everything that，the thing(s) that，側重特指。 e.g. ⑤What he said was right. 他說的話是正確的。 34. call for 要求；需要 call for help 求救 e.g. ① I’ll call for you at six o’clock. 六點鐘時我去接你。 ②Success calls for hard work. 成功要靠勤奮。 call at (some place) 拜訪（某地） call on (sb.) 拜訪（某人）；號召(call on sb. to do sth.) call off 取消 call up 召集；動員 35. 1) in case 連詞，“免得，以防（萬一），以備”，引導目的狀語從句；“假使，如果”，引導條件狀語從句（從句中不用將來時態(tài)，而是用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，或用should / might do）。 e.g. ①Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租車吧，以防開會遲到。（引導目的狀語從句） ②In case he comes, let me know. 如果他來了，就通知我。（引導條件狀語從句） 2) in case of 介詞短語，“假使，如果發(fā)生，萬一” e.g. ③In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 萬一發(fā)生火災，就鳴警報。 3) 相關短語 in the case of 介詞短語，“就……來說；至于……” e.g. ④In the case of the forest programme, we leave it for further discussion. 至于森林計劃，我們留在以后討論。 in no case “絕不”，置于句首，句子用倒裝。 e.g. ⑤In no case should you give up. 你絕不應該放棄。 in any case “無論如何，不管怎樣” e.g. ⑥In any case, do it better. 無論如何，要盡力而為。 in that case “如果那樣” e.g. ⑦In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那樣的話他本來會給餐館打電話的。 (in) nine cases out of ten “十有八九” e.g. ⑧It was Peter in nine cases out of ten who has broken the window. 十有八九是彼德打破了玻璃。 in all / most / particular cases “在任何/大多數(shù)/特殊情況下” in the present / the worst / this / possible case “在目前/最壞的/這種/可能的情況下” 4) case可表達：情況，情形；患者，病人；案情；案例 36. what is going on go on“發(fā)生，進行；（時間）過去” 37. What colour單獨使用不修飾名詞時，colour也可用復數(shù)；若修飾名詞，則只能用單數(shù)。 e.g. ①What colours are they? ②What colour shoes do you want? 你想要什么顏色的鞋？ What size（多大尺寸），What shape（什么形狀）用法同上。 38. Which one sells the best in your class? sell vi. “賣（得如何）”，不用被動。write, read, wash等都有類似用法。 39. according to 按照，根據(jù)……所說 40. the negative effect 負面作用 41. revise the laws 修訂法律 42. protect the rights of women and children 保護婦女兒童的權利 43. as much as + 不可數(shù)名詞 “多達；達到……程度” as many as + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 注意其與同級比較之間的差別。 44. take over 接管；接收；接替 e.g. When he retired, his eldest son took over the farm. 他退休后，他的長子接管了農(nóng)場。 45. the few “為數(shù)不多的，少數(shù)的”，表特指。 a few “少數(shù)幾個”，不是特指。 46. make electricity 發(fā)電 47. break down 拋錨，壞了，垮了 48. do everything Q12 tells them to 為了避免重復，省略了to后面的動詞do。當不定式為to be的形式時，不定式的省略應保留到be。 e.g. You’re much stronger than you used to be. 你比以前強壯多了。 49. room n. ［U］“空間，空地；余地” leave room for 為……留出地方 make room for 為……騰出地方 50. dream about / of sth. / doing sth. “夢想，幻想，想像某事（做某事）” 51. defeat 1) vt. “打敗，擊�。皇孤淇�，使無法對付” 2) n. ［U, C］“失敗，輸” defeat可表示戰(zhàn)斗、競爭、比賽、辯論中擊敗對手，后接sb. beat主要用于比賽、競爭中擊敗對手，后接sb. 52. force 1) n. ［C, U］“力量，勢力，暴力” by force 靠武力，強行 be in force 生效 put in / into force 使生效 the forces 軍隊，兵力 2) vt. “強迫，促使，強制” force sb. to do force sb. into doing force sb. / sth. + adj. / adv. / 介詞短語 force one’s way 強行前進或進入 53. come up with “提出；趕上” e.g. ①Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world’s food supply. 科學家們必須為增加世界糧食供應提供新方法。 ②He walked so fast that I couldn’t come up with him. 他走得這么快，我都跟不上他。 come up “被提出”，主語是物。 e.g. ③Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting. 會上提出了一些可行性建議。 54. succeed vi. “成功” vt. “接續(xù)；繼承” e.g. ①He succeeded in getting the job. 他謀得了那份工作。 ②Our plan has succeeded. 我們的計劃取得了成功。 ③The millionaire’s eldest son will succeed to his estate. 這百萬富翁的長子將繼承他的產(chǎn)業(yè)。 ④The storm was succeeded by calm. 暴風雨后一片寧靜。 success n. “成功”［U］ “成功的人或事”［C］ successful adj. “成功的” be successful in 在……方面成功 successfully adv. “成功地” 55. look up the new words in a dictionary = refer to a dictionary