分類說明
形容詞和副詞是高考中的主要考點,命題的范圍常為下列情況:
形容詞一般用來說明事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征,在句子中一般用作定語、表語、補足
語,有時也可作狀語。
1.形容詞作定語時,須注意形容詞的位置。
單個形容詞作定語時,一般位于所修飾的名詞或代詞之前;但有些形容詞,如:awake,alone,asleep等表語形容詞作定語時,表示長、寬、高、年齡的形容詞,修飾長度單位詞或年數(shù)單位詞時以及修飾由some,any,every,no和body,one,thing等構成的不定代詞時,一般放在所修飾詞之后;也還有些形容詞,如:enough,nearby等作定語時,既可位于所修飾的名詞之前,也可位于所修飾的名詞之后,意思不變;還有些形容詞,如:proper,present,select等作定語時,位于所修飾的詞的前后意思不同。
多個形容詞作定語時,形容詞的排列順序為:
總括性形容詞(all/both)+限制性形容詞(指示代詞/形容詞性物主代詞/冠詞)+數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞/基數(shù)詞)+感官(描繪性)形容詞+大小+形狀+年齡/新舊+顏色+產(chǎn)地+材料+目的/用途/類別+名詞或代詞。
為了方便記憶:可用一句順口溜來概括:總縣(限)官,大行(形)令(齡),殺(色)國才(材),目的用途名詞前。
如:all the first three good little young Chinese student writers(所有首批三位個子矮小年輕優(yōu)秀的中國學生作家)
such位于不定冠詞a/an之前,位于no,some,many,few,one,two等數(shù)詞之后。
形容詞短語作定語時,一般要放在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。
…如:students brave enough to take this adventure course/students busy preparing for the final exams。
2副詞一般用來描述動作或修飾形容詞、副詞或整個句子,一般在句中作狀語;但也有少數(shù)副詞,如地點方位副詞在句子中可作定語或表語,不過地點方位副詞作定語修飾名詞或代詞時總是位于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,如:the people u;stairs.
特別值得注意的是:the/this/that/these/those/one’s +very作定語修飾名詞的情況。
3.注意同根副詞的情況,如:close/closely;hard/hardy;high/highly等;
4.注意形式是副詞實際上是形容詞的情況,如:friendly,lively。lovely等:
5.注意副詞充當連詞的情況,如:immediately,directly,constantly等:
6.注意形容詞、副詞的比較級.最高級的形式和應用。
(1)比較級+than+名詞/代詞(確定名詞或代詞的格)
(2)比較級+and+比較級
(3)the+比較級,the+比較級
(4)(not)as/so+原級+as
(5)否定詞+比較級:最高級
(6)the+比較級+n./a+比較級+n.
(7)倍數(shù)的表示:
A.數(shù)詞+ times +as+原級+as
B.數(shù)詞+times+比較級+than
C.數(shù)詞+times +the +size/weight/length/width of
(8)最高級+in/of+范圍
7.從語境人手,辨析形容詞的意義和用法區(qū)別。
回放真題
真題1(2004甘肅、青海卷32)
People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.________, she is a great musician.
A.After all B.As a result C.In other words D.As usual
【答案及解析】 A 選項A意為“畢竟,”表示尊重客觀事實;B表示“結(jié)果”;C表示“換句話說”;D表示“像往常那樣”。根據(jù)句子意思,答案選A,意思是:雖然人們對她看法不一,但“我”還是佩服她,因為她畢竟是個偉大的音樂家。
真題2(2004甘肅、青海卷33)
Lizzie was ________to see her friend off at the airport.
A.a(chǎn) little more than sad B.more than a little sad
C.sad more than a little D.a(chǎn) little more sad than
【答案及解析】 B從比較級的結(jié)構上,可看出選項C、D錯誤,應予以排除;根據(jù)句子的意義,選項A(與其悲傷,倒不如有一點)意思不完整;因此答案選B,more表示程度。句子的意思是:Lizzie在機場給朋友送別時有些悲傷。
真題3(2004甘肅、青海卷34)
If you can’t come tomorrow,we’ll ______have to hold the meeting next week.
A.yet B.even C.rather D.just
【答案及解析】 D選項A的意思是:然而,而又,也,還;B是:甚至;C是:相反地,更確切地,頗,相當;D是:就,正好,剛好。根據(jù)句子意思:如果你明天不能來,那么會議就推遲到下周召開。故答案選D。
真題4(2004重慶卷33)
The husband gave his wife ________every mob山in order to please her.
A.a(chǎn)ll half his income B.his half all income
C.half his all income D.a(chǎn)ll his half income
【答案及解析】 A考查多個形容詞作定語的排序?偫ㄐ孕稳菰~a11/both/no要放在最前面,而half一般要放在冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞之前。據(jù)此,答案選A。
真題5(2004廣東卷24)
It is ________any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly
【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)any可排除選項B、C;選項A與any暗含重復,no=not any/a,也應排除,故正確答案選D。
真題6(2004廣東卷29)
Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ________much to do.
A.such B.that C.more D.very
【答案及解析】 B such雖修飾名詞和代詞,但當代詞是many,much,few,little時,應用so修飾,故排除A;根據(jù)句子的意思.不存在比較,且比較時,more與much的順序錯誤,從而排除C;選項B中that=SO暗含“一種起碼的量”;選項D暗含“雖然不很多,但還是有那么多”。根據(jù)句意,答案選B。
真題7(2004廣東卷31)
The great success of this programme has been ________due to the support given by the local businessmen.
A.rather B.very C.quickly D.1argely
【答案及解析】 D選項A表示某種超出了人們能接受的程度;選項B只能修飾形容詞或副詞,而不能修飾動詞;選項C表示行動的敏捷;選項D表示一個大的范圍或方面。根據(jù)句子的意思,答案選D,意思是:這個項目之所以取得成功.在很大的程度上是由于當?shù)厣倘说闹С帧?/p>
真題8(2004福建卷26)
I’d like to buy a house modern,comfortable,and __________in a quiet neighborhood.
A.in a11 B.a(chǎn)bove all C.a(chǎn)fter all D.a(chǎn)t a11
【答案及解析】 B選項A的意思是:總計,共計;B的意思是:首先.最重要的是;C的意思是:畢竟,終究;19的意思是:根本,全然(一般用于否定句中)。根據(jù)句子的意思,答案選B。
真題9(2004福建卷29)
The number of people present at the concert was ________than expected.There were many tickets left.
A.much smaller B.much more C.much larger D.many more
【答案及解析】A根據(jù)英語表示數(shù)字的大小的習慣,排除選項B、D;根據(jù)下many tickets left的意思,答案選A。
真題10(2004遼寧卷22)
John Smith,a successful businessman,has a _________car.
A.1arge German white B.1arge white German
C.white large German D.German large white
【答案及解析】 B多個形容詞作定語時的位置關系,請看分類說明中的解釋(總限觀,大形齡,色國材,目的用途名詞前)。而large表大小,white表顏色,German表國籍。
真題11(2004浙江卷21)
The winter of 1990 was extremely bad.________ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.
A.At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result
【答案及解析】 B選項A表示順序;B表示補充事實或評價;C表示總結(jié);D表示前面動作的結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意,答案選B。
真題12(2004浙江卷24)
________students are required to take part in the boat race.
A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young
C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese
【答案及解析】 A多個形容詞作定語的位置關系請參看前面的分類說明。ten(數(shù)詞,表限制),strong(描繪性形容詞,感官),young(年齡),Chinese(國籍),由此,答案選A。
真題13(2004江蘇卷32)
The ________ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.
A.1ittle white wooden B.1ittle wooden white
C.white wooden little D.wooden white little
【答案及解析】 A本題考查多個形容詞修飾名詞時的順序排列。答案為A。
真題14(2004廣西卷29)
When we plan our vacation,mother often offers ________suggestions.
A.careful B.practical C.effective D.a(chǎn)cceptable
【答案及解析】 B practical:切合實際的。全句意為:當我們計劃我們的假日時,媽媽常提出切合實際的建議。故B為正確答案。
真題15(全國[河南、河北、山東、福建]35)
I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.________,the walk will do me good.
A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides
【答案及解析】D本題主要考查副詞及插入語。選項A強調(diào)時間,意思是:遲早;選項B強調(diào)持續(xù),意思是:仍然,依然;選項C意思是:及時,總有一天,終于;選項D強調(diào)事物數(shù)量的增加,意思是:而且,還有。根據(jù)句子的意思,上句說了“我不介意”,而下旬講的是“對我有好處”,顯然是指事物的另一方面,故答案選D。
真題16(全國[河南、河北、山東、福建]33)
Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ________she was getting.
A.heavier B.heavy C.the heavier D.the heaviest
【答案及解析】 A根據(jù)語境,句子暗含一個比較狀語,Mary一直稱體重看比前一次重多少,much修飾比較級。
真題17(2004上海卷32)
He speaks English well indeed,but of course not ________a native speaker.
A.a(chǎn)s fluent as B.more fluent than
C.so fluently as D.much fluently than
【答案及解析】C but后是個省略句,可補充為:but of course he don’t speak _____a native speaker.由此可知,空里需要的是個能修飾動詞的副詞,故排除A、B。而D應該用比較級。故C為正確答案。
真題18(2004上海卷48)
In _________Chinese culture,marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A.traditional B.historic C.remote D.initial
【答案及解析】 A traditional傳統(tǒng)的;historic歷史的;remote遙遠的;initial最初的。由題意可知,A為正確答案。
真題19(2004上海卷51)
Most people on this island are recreational fishers,and________,fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.
A.a(chǎn)ccidentally B.purposefully C.obviously D.formally
【答案及解析】 C accidentally偶然地;purposefully故意地;obviously明顯地;formally正式地。由Most people可知,答案為C。
真題20(2004四川卷33)
I must be getting fat--I can ________d0 my trousers up.
A.fairly B.hardly C.nearly D.seldom
【答案及解析】 B此題考查副詞的用法。選項B表“幾乎不”;選項A意思是:相當,頗;C意思是:幾乎、差不多;而D表不常做。根據(jù)前句must可知:此句表示推測,后句表示前句所推測的依據(jù)。那么,選項A、C、D均與句子意思不符。因此答案選B。意思是:我肯定發(fā)胖了,因為我的褲子幾乎穿不進去了。
真題21(2004天津卷27)
Mr. Smith used to smoke ________but he has given it up.
A.seriously B.heavily C.badly D.hardly
【答案及解析】B選項A強調(diào)情況、問題的嚴重性或嚴肅性;B強調(diào)“量”多,次數(shù)頻繁;C表示方式不好或情況嚴重;D表示程度差或次數(shù)少。根據(jù)連接詞but,可排除選項A、C;再根據(jù)句意,故答案選B。
真題22(2004湖南卷27)
Everyone Was on time for the meeting _________Chris,who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.
A.but B.only C.even D.yet
【答案及解析】 C根據(jù)句子中的破折號,排除選項A;根據(jù)句子的意思,后一句是對前一句的補充,進一步強調(diào)是Everyone,因此答案選c。句子的意思是:所有的人都準時到會了--甚至連Chris這個做任何事都要遲到10分鐘的人都準時來了。
真題23(2004湖南卷29)
That doesn’t sound very frightening,Paul.I’ve seen ________.What did you like most about the film?
A.better B.worse C.best D.worst
【答案及解析】B 這是一個省略句,根據(jù)上文,全句應該是:I’ve seen something ________.由此可見,本句是用形容詞來修飾不定代詞。上文的內(nèi)容not very frightening顯然是對Paul的安慰,接著提出了一個更可怕的事情,意思是:聽起來,那還不很可怕,我見過更可怕的事情呢。
真題24(2004上海春季卷32)
I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is ________than John.
A.more efficiently a worker B.a(chǎn) more efficient worker
C.more an efficient worker D.a(chǎn) worker more efficiently
【答案及解析】 B修飾名詞worker應用形容詞,efficient的比較級是more efficient。
真題25(2004上海春季卷34)
_________,some famous scientists have the questions of being both careful and careless.
A.Strangely enough B.Enough strangely
C.Strange enough D.Enough strange
【答案及解析】 A作狀語修飾句子時,用副詞形式,排除c、D;enough修飾形容詞、副詞時,需放在所修飾的詞的后面。
真題26(2003全國卷23)
Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ________to carry all the way home.
A.much too heavy B.too much heavy
C.heavy too much D. too heavy much
【答案及解析】A考查副詞修飾形容詞。much可作形容詞和副詞,當作副詞時不可修飾原級形容詞,但可修飾副詞too;作為副詞的too則可修飾原級形容詞,即much too+形容詞“實在太……;非!。而too much“太多;過分”可修飾不可數(shù)名詞、動詞或單獨使用作表語,兩者意義大相徑庭。該句用much too修飾heavy,構成too...to結(jié)構,故選A。譯文:闕為箱子太重了,Mien難以一路搬回家,所以只好租了輛出租車。
真題27(2003北京卷32)
Our neighbor has ________ours.
A.a(chǎn)s a big house as B.a(chǎn)s big a house as
C.the same big house as D.a(chǎn) house the same big as
【答案及解析】B本題考查as...a(chǎn)s結(jié)構,前一個as是副詞,用來修飾形容詞;后一個as是連詞,用來連接比較狀語從句,其正確語序為as big a house as。另外注意:same在這里是形容詞,不能修飾形容詞或副詞,所以C、D錯誤。
真題28(2003上海卷34)
We were in ________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A.a(chǎn) rush so anxious B.a(chǎn) such anxious rush
C.so an anxious rush D.such an anxious rush
【答案及解析】D so和such都有“如此”的意思,但so修飾形容詞,正確詞序是:so anxious a rush。such修飾名詞,正確詞序是:such all anxious rush。
真題29(2003北京春季卷30)
--I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a ear cut in and knocked me down.
--You can never be ________careful in the street.
A.much B.very C.so D.too
【答案及解析】 D否定詞not/no/never +too/enough結(jié)構表示“再怎么……也不過分”或“越……越好”。譯文:在街上(騎自行車)你越小心越好。
真題30(2003北京春季卷33)
--You don’t look very ________.Are you ill?
--No,I’m just a bit tired.
A.good B.well C.strong D.healthy
【答案及解析】 B從題意看,look在這里是系動詞(看上去,看起來)后應加形容詞,四個選項的詞性均符合,但good是指人品好壞或東西好壞;strong則表示結(jié)實、強壯,與題意不符;healthy“健康的,健壯的”;well可作形容詞和副詞,作形容詞時表示“健康的;氣色好”,用于修飾人。
真題31(2003安徽春季卷26)
Four of Robert’s children were at the party,including ________,Luke.
A.the eldest B.a(chǎn)n oldest one C.the old D.a(chǎn)n old one
【答案及解析】 A三者或三者以上相比較用最高級,其形式為“the+形容詞最高級”。
真題32(2003上海春季卷21)
Many students signed up for the ________race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-long
C.800 metre length D.800 metres length
【答案及解析】A長、寬、高及年齡等作定語修飾名詞時位置可在前也可在后,在前面時要注意加連字符“.”,其中單位名詞用單數(shù),其形式為:數(shù)字一單位名稱單數(shù)長、寬、高等。如放在后面,不用連字符,數(shù)詞大于1要用復數(shù)。從題干看,800米遠的比賽應為800-meter-long。
真題33(2003上海春季卷25)
After supper she would sit down by the fire,sometimes for ________an hour,thinking of her young and happy days.
A.a(chǎn)s long as B.a(chǎn)s soon as
C.a(chǎn)s much as D.a(chǎn)s many as
【答案及解析】A as long as表示時間或物體的長度,或作連詞,意思是“只要”:as soon as表示“……就……”;as much as和as many as都表示數(shù)量多達……,但前者修飾不可數(shù)名詞或表程度,而后者則修飾可數(shù)名詞。
真題34(2002全國卷27)
Boris has brains.in fact.I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ.
A.a(chǎn) high B.a(chǎn) higher C.the higher D.the highest
【答案及解析】 B have brains意思是“有頭腦,有智慧”,根據(jù)上下文的意思,下文中的anyone in the class與上文中Boris進行比較,選項A不是比較級,而選項D是最高級,因此都應排除;選項C指兩者中一個智商更高的人,與題意不符;選項B指三者或三者以上的人中一個智商更高的人,與題意相符。
真題35(2002北京卷26)
All the people ________at the party were his supporters.
A.present B.thankful C.interested D.important
【答案及解析】 A present作形容詞的意思是“出席的,在場的”。通常用present at the party,present at the meeting。譯文:參加聚會的人都是他的支持者。
真題36(2002北京卷30)
It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she stood ________to her mother.
A.close B.closely C.closed D.closing
【答案及解析】A先根據(jù)動詞的搭配關系,可排除c、D兩個選項;選項A可作動詞、形容詞或副詞,作副詞時,意思是“近地,靠近,接近”;而選項B也是副詞,它是由close +ly而來,意思是“親密地,密切地”。再根據(jù)句子的意思,選出正確答案A。譯文:天下著大雨,Little Mary感到很冷,所以她緊緊站在母親身旁。
真題37(2002上海卷26)
As far as I am concerned.education is about learning and the more you learn,_________
A.the more for life are you equipped B.the more equipped for life yon am
C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life
【答案及解析】 B從所提供的情境the more you learn,并結(jié)合所給的選項可以確定這是“the+形容詞(副詞)的比較級+陳述句,the+形容詞(副詞)的比較級+陳述句”句型,表示“越……越……”。譯文:我認為,教育是關于學習的事,你學得越多,你對生活準備得就越充分。the more equipped for lm的意思是 “對生活有充分的準備”。
真題38(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷22)
--I’m very ________with my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious.
--Mm,it does have a ________smell.
A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased
C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant
【答案及解析】D pleased“感到高興;感到滿意”,常用來形容人,be pleased with sth;pleasant“令人愉快的”,常用來形容物,a pleasant smell“香味”。
真題39(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷34)
Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea._____,neither of them could swim.
A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally
【答案及解析】 C in fact常用來表示與上文不相符的某件事;luckily常用來表示一種好的結(jié)果;unfortunately常用來表示一種不好的結(jié)果;naturally表示一種理所當然的結(jié)果。根據(jù)下文的意思,只有選項C正確。
真題40(2002上海春季卷39)
Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A.more than twice B.a(chǎn)s twice as many
C.twice as many as D.more than twice as many
【答案及解析】 D不論哪種形式的比較級,其修飾詞均應放在前面。More than twice表示數(shù)量,放在as…as結(jié)構前的意思是“是……的兩倍多”。譯文:美國人現(xiàn)在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的兩倍多。
真題4l(2001全國卷28)
It is generally believed that teaching is ________it is a science.
A.a(chǎn)n art much as B.much an art as
C.a(chǎn)s an art much as D.a(chǎn)s much an art as
【答案及解析】 D在as/so…as…結(jié)構中,第一個as/so是副詞,后接形容同;第二個as是連接詞,后接句子。其正確語序為as much an art as。譯文:人們普遍相信,教學像科學一樣是一門藝術。
真題42(2001上海卷26)
In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,__________.
A.our holiday will be better B.our holiday will be the better
C.the better our holiday will be D.the better will our holiday be
【答案及解析】C “the+比較級…,the+比較級...”的意思是“越……越……”。由于選項A、B和D的詞序都不對,故排除。譯文:近年來,旅游公司成功地向我們推銷了這樣一個觀點:我們走得越遠,我們的假期過得越好。
真題43(2001上海卷36)
As I know,there is ________ car in this neighborhood.
A.no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a
【答案及解析】A such與no,some,many,one,two等詞連用時的順序是:no,man),,one等詞+such+名詞。no等于not a,放在名詞前修飾名詞,表示否定。選項C若改為not such a就正確。譯文:據(jù)我所知,周圍沒有這樣的汽車。答案為A。
真題44(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷19)
Many people have helped with canned food,however,the food bank needs ________for the poor.
A.more B.much C.many D.most
【答案及解析】 A根據(jù)句意,很多人已在幫著提供罐裝食品,however又告訴人們這還不夠,意思是說:食品儲庫需要更多(不僅是canned food),因此要用比較級,more最合適。答案為A。
真題45(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷22)
In that case,there is nothing you can do ________than wait.
A.more B.other C.better D.a(chǎn)ny
【答案及解析】 B other than多用于否定詞之后,等于except、but(表示所說的不包括在內(nèi))后邊的動詞為to do,如前面有do和nothing時,to省略。此句意是:在那種情況下,你除了等待別無它法。
真題46(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷23)
I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ________trick.
A.ordinary B.easy C.smart D.simple
【答案及解析】D依句意,選出正確答案.應為“簡單的”。從surprised可知因?qū)Ψ奖蝗绱撕唵蔚幕ㄕ杏夼械匠泽@。
真題47(2000全國卷8)
______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A.Brave enough students B.Enough brave students
C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave
【答案及解析】 C students為名詞作主語。單個形容詞作定語,則應放在名詞的前面;較長的形容詞短語修飾名詞時~般要放在后面。enough為副詞,放在形容詞或副詞的后面。
真題48(2000全國卷11)
It’s always difficult being in a foreign country,________if you don’t speak the language.
A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially
【答案及解析】D especially特別地。從句意看出應填especially,強調(diào)不會說那個國家的語言會感到更加困難。extremely極端地;naturally自然地;basically基本上。
真題49(2000全國卷16)
If you want to change for a double room you’11 have to pay ________8 15.
A.a(chǎn)nother B.other C,more D.each
【答案及解析】 A表示數(shù)量增加的結(jié)構有:another+數(shù)詞+名詞;數(shù)詞+more/other+名詞,意思是:另外,又有。another的意思是“再一,又……”。在一般情況下,another后接單數(shù)名詞,但如果復數(shù)名詞前有具體的數(shù)字,也可以和another連用。more放在數(shù)字前時,正確的形式是mole than,意思是“……多個”。答案為A。
真題50(2000上海卷34)
You’re standing too near the camera.Can you move ________?
A.a(chǎn) bit far B.a(chǎn) little farther C.a(chǎn) bit of farther D.a(chǎn) little far
【答案及解析】 B too near的意思是“太近了”,說話人的意圖是讓對方站得比這遠一點,所以要用副詞的比較級。譯文:你站得太靠近鏡頭了。你能離遠一點嗎? a bit of后接名詞。