Composed by Chinephone Lew

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由一個相當(dāng)于主語的名詞或代詞加上非謂語動詞、形容詞（副）詞、或介詞短語構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，也不是從句，所以它內(nèi)部的動詞不能考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，它與其主句之間既不能通過并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，常用逗號與其主句隔開。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在很多情況下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或其他狀語形式，但很多時(shí)候不能轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞形式，因?yàn)樗鼉?nèi)部動詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致。在做這類題目時(shí)一定要小心判斷，不能粗心大意。

一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式

1、邏輯主語+V-ing

這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動作不是整句主語發(fā)出的動作，而是其邏輯主語發(fā)出的動作。如：

1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.

A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was

2._______no bus, we had to walk home.

A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was

3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been

4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is

2、邏輯主語+V-ed

該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作承受者。如：

1._________, the train started.

A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving

2.__________, the train started.

A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given

3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words

4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words

3、邏輯主語+形容詞（副詞）

該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個未帶動詞的“主-系-表”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

1.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.

A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions

2._________, the patient can leave the hospital.

A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions

3.________, we’d like to go outing.

A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK

4.___________, we’d like to go outing.

A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C

5._________, you can wait a while.

A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B

6._________, so you can wait a while

A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on

4、邏輯主語+介詞短語

該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于不帶動詞的“主-系-介詞短語”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

1.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.

A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand

2.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.

A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand

3.He left the office, __________.

A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes

4.He left the office __________.

A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分：

1、原因狀語

該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：

1.________ no bus, we had to walk home.

A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B

2._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B

3.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.

A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C

4.____________, we have to work late into the night.

A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C

2、時(shí)間狀語

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個由when, as soon as, after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：

1.__________, the train started.

A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B

2.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above

3、條件狀語

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語時(shí)可以改為由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如：

1.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.

A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B

2._________, the patient will recover himself soon.

A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C

4、伴隨狀語

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個介詞短語或并列謂語。如：

1.We have lessons every day, ___________.

A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above

2.The boy fell asleep,___________.

A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above

3.Father came home,_________

A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the above

with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)常見類型及其用法

Composed by Chinephone Lew

“with + 復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)是指“with +賓語（名詞或代詞）+ 非謂語動詞（分詞、不定式）、介詞短語、形容詞或副詞等”所構(gòu)成的一種介詞短語。該結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部若是動詞，則其非謂語形式的選用要注意三點(diǎn)：若內(nèi)部動詞表示將來（無論主動還是被動），則用不定式；若內(nèi)部動詞表示被動且屬過去，則用過去分詞；若內(nèi)部動詞表示持續(xù)主動動作，則用現(xiàn)在分詞。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作以下幾種成分：

1、原因狀語

1.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.

A.To guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To have guide

2.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest. A.to do B.to be done C.doing D.done

3.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.

A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working

2、時(shí)間狀語

1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on

2.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.

A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled

3.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home. A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done

3、伴隨狀語

1.She left the offices with tears ________.

A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes D.to be in eyes

2.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.

A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing

3.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.

A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by

4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.

A.to be tied behind B. tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind

5.You can’t see well ________.

A. with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.with the glasses

4、后置定語

1.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand? A.with B.having C.being D.A and B

2.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A.carrying B.having C.with D.all the above

分詞、獨(dú)立主格和“with + 復(fù)合賓語”作狀語的區(qū)別

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)在句中均可作狀語，其區(qū)別是這樣的：

一、分詞在句中作狀語時(shí)句子的主語是分詞的邏輯主語，即主句主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動作承受者（用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動式）。這種情況下的分詞短語可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列謂語。

分詞短語在句中常作以下狀語：

1、原因狀語

1._______late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B

2.______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above

2、時(shí)間狀語

1._______ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.

A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above

2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.

A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above

3、條件狀語

1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above

2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above

4、伴隨狀語

1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.

A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carrying D.all the above

2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.

A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語的邏輯主語不是整句的主語，即主句主語與分詞的邏輯主語不一致。如：

1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country.

A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting

2._________, he finished playing the game of chess.

A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes

3._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.

A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing

三、使用分詞短語、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語時(shí)要注意：它們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列連詞（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：

1.____________ the teacher told the class to go through the text

A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above

2._________a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.

A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above

3.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.

A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above

四、在使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語時(shí)，一定要看句子主語同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。

1、當(dāng)句子主語與該狀語內(nèi)部動詞之間有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該狀語可用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或從句表示。

1.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B

2._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.

A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above

2、若句子主語與狀語內(nèi)動詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系且狀語內(nèi)有自已的邏輯主語。則該狀語不能用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)或從句。如：

1.The soldier fell asleep ___________.

A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle

2.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.

A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights

3.________ the notice, he had an idea.

A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above

4.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.

A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above