Unit 1 How do you study for a test?
【重要詞匯概覽】
1. frustrating a. 令人沮喪的
2. memorize v. 記憶，背誦
3. pronunciation n. 發(fā)音
4. flashcard n.認(rèn)卡
5. solution n. 解決辦法
6. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不）
7. end up 結(jié)束，告…終
8. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人）
9. take notes 做筆記，做記錄
10.enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做…樂(lè)意做…
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1.如何表達(dá)選擇適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法呢？從（注意要給出原因，練習(xí)使用because）
I (don’t) think I can study English by … , because …
（1）I think I can study English by watching English movies because I like watching English movies.
我認(rèn)為我可以通過(guò)英語(yǔ)電影來(lái)來(lái)學(xué)英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g看電影。
（2）I don’t think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home.
我不想上英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)，因?yàn)槲蚁朐诩易詫W(xué)
（3）I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always waste your time. 我認(rèn)為沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)是不好的，因?yàn)槟悴坏貌蝗ナ褂秒娔X和浪費(fèi)你的時(shí)間
2.【語(yǔ)法知識(shí)聚焦】
By是個(gè)很常用的介詞（有時(shí)也用作副詞），在初中英語(yǔ)中的用法有以下幾種：
（1）意為“在……旁”、“靠近”。如：有的在大樹(shù)下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫(huà)畫(huà)兒。
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake.
（2）意為“不遲于”、“到……時(shí)為止”。如：
Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會(huì)好的。
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
到上個(gè)學(xué)期末你們已經(jīng)學(xué)了多少首英語(yǔ)歌曲？
（3）表示方法、手段，可譯作“靠”、“用”、“憑借”、“通過(guò)”、“乘坐”等。如：
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在樹(shù)上哈哈大笑。
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那么的感激，于是他教愛(ài)迪生怎樣通過(guò)鐵路電報(bào)來(lái)傳達(dá)信息。
（4）表示“逐個(gè)”、“逐批”的意思。如：
One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他們一個(gè)一個(gè)得在黑暗中經(jīng)過(guò)這張桌子。
（5）表示“根據(jù)”、“按照”的意思。如： What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點(diǎn)了?
（6）和take , hold等動(dòng)詞連用，說(shuō)明接觸身體的某一部分。如：
I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。
（7）用于被動(dòng)句中，表示行為主體，常譯作“被”、“由”等。如：
English is spoken by many people. 英語(yǔ)被許多人所說(shuō)。（即“許多人講英語(yǔ)�！保�
（8）組成其它短語(yǔ)。
1) by the way : 意為“順便說(shuō)”、“順便問(wèn)一下”，常做插入語(yǔ)。如：
By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know? 順便問(wèn)一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？
2) by oneself : 意為“單獨(dú)”、“自行”。如：I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨(dú)留下。
3) by and by : 意為“不久以后”、“不一會(huì)兒”。如：
But by and by , more and more people began to study English.
但是不久以后，越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。
二、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成
動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)名詞doing，相當(dāng)于名詞，在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)等。
1）作主語(yǔ) Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方與北方開(kāi)戰(zhàn)了。
2）作賓語(yǔ) （ 請(qǐng)問(wèn)你介意調(diào)小一點(diǎn)收音機(jī)的音量嗎？）
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
3）作表語(yǔ) （保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。）
Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。
練習(xí)：
一. Match the questions and answers
1. Have you ever worked with flashcards?
2. Do you ever ask the teacher for help in your
English class?
3. Do you like to work in a group?
4. Does reading aloud help you?
5. Do you like to study grammar?
6. What helps you study for a test?
a. No, grammar is too boring.
b. Yes, reading aloud helps my pronunciation.
c. Yes, but I didn’t like them.
d. Yes, the teacher is helpful.
e. I think watching English-language TV helps me
study.
F. No, I don’t. Why would working in a group help?
二. Close test
Time spent in a bookshop can be enjoyable. If you go to a 1 shop, no assistant (營(yíng)業(yè)員) will come near to you and say, “Can I help you?” You 2 buy anything you don’t want. You may try to find out 3 the book you want is . But if you fail, the assistant will lead (引導(dǎo)) you there and then he will go away. It seems that he is 4 selling any books at all.
There is a story which tells us about a good shop. A medical (醫(yī)學(xué)的) student 5 a very useful book in the shop, 6 it was too expensive for him to buy. He couldn’t get it from the library, either. So every afternoon, he went there to read 7 at a time. One day, however (然而), he couldn’t find 8 from its usual place and was leaving when he saw an assistant signing (示意) to him. To his surprise, the assistant pointed to the book 9 , “I put it there so as not to be sold out.” Said the assistant. Then he 10 the student to go on with his reading.
1. A. good B. bad C. cheap D. expensive
2. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t
3. A. what B. which C. where D. when
4. A. surprised at B. not surprised at C. interested in D. not interested in
5. A. bought B. found C. read D. took
6. A. but B. and C. so D. or
7. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
8. A. the book B. the shop C. the assistant D. the shopkeeper
9. A. in a bookshop B. in his hand C. in a corner D. in his pocket
10. A. left B. let C. helped D. taught
三.Reading comprehension
Let children learn to judge (判斷) their own work. When children learn to speak, other people do not correct (糾正) their mistakes all the time. If we correct too much, they will stop speaking. Let themselves understand the difference between the language they speak and the language other people around them speak. Day after day, they will make some changes to make their language like other people's language. In the same way, children can learn to do many other things without others' help. For example, to walk, run, climb, and ride a bike-make themselves understand how they should do it. Slowly they can make some changes they need.
But in school we never let a child himself find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We usually think he never knows his mistakes if we do not tell him or he never corrects them if we do not make him do it. We should try to let him find out the answers to the problems, and the good ways of working them out with the help of other children if he wants.
Can teachers give the students answer books if they do maths problems? Let them correct their homework all by themselves. When the students tell their teachers that they can't find the ways to get the right answers, the teachers should help them. Let the students know what they must learn, how to judge their own understanding (理解力), how to know what they know or what they do not know. These are the most important.
(1).they text tells us that the children should learn things by(通過(guò)) _______.
A.listening to other people
B.doing what other people do
C.making mistakes and then correcting them
D.asking other people many questions
(2).Which of the following is right? The teachers _______.
A.never give the students answers
B.don't let the students make mistakes
C.don't always correct the students' mistakes when they make mistakes
D.only give the students the answers when they do problems
(3).The writer thinks the teachers in school should _______.
A.let the students help each other
B.teach the students less good ways
C.correct more of their homework
D.teach the students more book knowledge
(4).This text shows that learning to speak is _______.
Adifferent from learning other things
B.a very important thing
C.more important than learning other things
D.just like learning other things
答案及解析：
一.cefbad二．1）選A，看下文可知與價(jià)格無(wú)關(guān)，排除C、D。2）選B，不必買(mǎi)，可隨便逛。
3) 選C，看下一句可知談?wù)撃阋臅?shū)在什么地方。4）選D，營(yíng)業(yè)員只是在你需要幫助時(shí)，才和你說(shuō)話，好像對(duì)售書(shū)不感興趣。5）選B，發(fā)現(xiàn)一本好書(shū)。 6）選A，轉(zhuǎn)折，但太貴，買(mǎi)不起。
7）選B，再如see much hear a little等。8）選A，找不到那本書(shū)。9）選C，看下句put it there 可知。10）選A，lave sb to do / doing / adj 讓某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。
三． (1)選C。這篇文章告訴我們孩子應(yīng)通過(guò)何種方式學(xué)習(xí)事物。從第一段內(nèi)容：讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)判斷他們自己的學(xué)習(xí)或工作。當(dāng)孩子學(xué)說(shuō)話時(shí)，其他人不要總是糾正他們的錯(cuò)誤。如果糾正太多，孩子就不會(huì)再愿意說(shuō)話了。從以上內(nèi)容可得出應(yīng)通過(guò)犯錯(cuò)和糾錯(cuò)的方式學(xué)習(xí)事物。
(2)選C。哪句話是正確的①老師從不給學(xué)生答案；②老師從不讓學(xué)生犯錯(cuò)誤；③當(dāng)學(xué)生犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)老師不要總是糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤；④老師只給學(xué)生答案當(dāng)他們有問(wèn)題的時(shí)候。前面兩個(gè)較容易看出是錯(cuò)誤的，這兩種說(shuō)法太絕對(duì)；從最后一段可得出第④種說(shuō)法也是錯(cuò)誤的。老師應(yīng)幫助學(xué)生；讓學(xué)生知道什么是必須學(xué)的，怎樣判斷自己的理解力，怎樣去理解他們所知道或是不知道的東西，而不應(yīng)是單純地給答案。從第一段里可得出第③種說(shuō)法是正確的。
(3)選A。作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校的老師應(yīng)當(dāng)讓學(xué)生互相幫助。B 教給學(xué)生較少的好方法，錯(cuò)誤。文章提倡教給學(xué)生好的方法。C 糾正他們作業(yè)中的更多錯(cuò)誤，這種說(shuō)法也不對(duì)，第三段中“Let them correct their homework all by themselves” 作者認(rèn)為：讓他們完全自己糾正他們的家庭作業(yè)而不應(yīng)當(dāng)是老師。D 教給學(xué)生更多的書(shū)本知識(shí)，文章提倡的是教給學(xué)生好的方法，此選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
(4)選D。這篇文章指出學(xué)說(shuō)話就像是學(xué)其它事情一樣，從第一段內(nèi)容可判斷出來(lái)。