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英語語法難點精析

發(fā)布時間:2016-7-14 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

1、【語法難點精析之被分隔的定語從句】

定語從句一般緊接被它所修飾的先行詞;但有時候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分,使它與先行詞分隔開來,這種定語從句叫作被分隔的定語從句,在閱讀文章時會經(jīng)常遇到這種情況,在閱讀是要注意識別先行詞的修飾對象。

一般說來,定語從句被分割開來大致有以下三種:

①在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個狀語。

如:There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.

在太空中有成千上萬的象太陽般的星星。

乍一看,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在名詞sky的后面,似乎應(yīng)該是修飾sky的。但仔細(xì)一想,”不對啊,天空怎么能象太陽呢?“,原來that引導(dǎo)的定語從句被in the sky這個地點狀語分隔開來,修飾中心詞stars。

②在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個定語。

如:Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

你還記得嗎,十年前的一天下午,我來到你家,找你借了一條鉆石項鏈?

when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace實際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾 years。ten years ago 實際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。

③先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時,先行詞通常是句子的主語,因定語從句較長,主句謂語較短,為使句子平衡,常將定語從句移至謂語之后

如:A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

明天,新(男)老師將來較你德語。

2、【語法難點精析之besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的區(qū)別】

(1) besides與except

前者表示"除...以外,還有...";后者表示"從整體中除去..."

這個大家都知道,就不舉例子了.

(2)except與except for

a.除去的和非除去的是同類事物,用except

eg:All the essays are well written except Nelson's.

Nelson的文章(除去的)和All the essays(非除去的)是同類事物,所以用except.

b.除去的和非除去的不是同類事物,用except for,并且從語氣上通常表示遺憾.

eg:His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.

a few spelling mistakes(除去的)和His essay(非除去的)是不同類的事物.

(3)apart from 具有多重意義:既可表示besides,也可以表示exept或exept for,還可以表示without的意思

eg:Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)

The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)

He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)

There can be no knowledge apart from practice.實踐出真知.(=without)

(4)excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not,without,always等詞之后

eg:Excepting his brother,they are all right.

Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.

All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.

All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.

(5)but與except同義,但but多用在every,any,no等和由這些詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如everything,anywhere,nobody等詞以后及all,none之后

eg:The children go to school everyday but Sunday.

They are all gone but me.

You can get the book anywhere but here.

There is no one but me.

Who but George would do such a thing?

3、【語法難點之too...to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定含義的情況】

【too...to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定含義的情況】

我們知道too...to結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示否定含義,意為"太...以致于不能"

eg:He is too old to work.

但too...to在下列情況下卻表示肯定含義:

⑴當(dāng)too前或to前有否定詞構(gòu)成雙重否定時.

eg:English is not too difficult to learn.

英語并不太難學(xué).

He is too wise not to see that.

他很聰明,不會不懂這一點.

⑵當(dāng)too后是:glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容詞或副詞時.

eg:They are too anxious to leave.

他們急于離開.

He is too ready to help others.

他總是樂于助人.

與這些詞連用時,too前還常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副詞,意思不變,因為這些詞加上too后與very同義.

eg:I'm only too glad to see you .

見到你非常高興.

They are but too pleased to hear the news.

他們聽到這個消息,非常高興.

⑶與cannot連用時.

eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.

你做作業(yè)越仔細(xì)越好(=無論怎樣仔細(xì)也不過分).

⑷當(dāng)不定式在句中作定語或真正的主語時.

eg:There are too many problems to be solved.

有很多問題有待解決.

It is too much to say that he is a fool.

4、【語法難點精析之every表示”每隔“的用法】

⑴"every other+單數(shù)名詞”

意思是“每隔一。。!

如:every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵樹

⑵“every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或“every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞”

意思是“每隔。。!保ㄝ^英語數(shù)詞少一個)

如:every three days=every third day 每隔兩天(或者譯為每三天)

因此every two days=every other day 每隔一天(或者譯為每兩天)

⑶“every few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”

意思是“每隔幾。。。”

如:every few days(每隔幾天)

5、【語法難點精析之a(chǎn)live、live、living和lively的用法】

⑴ lively 有“活潑的、快活的、生動的”等意思,可以指人或物,可作定語或標(biāo)語;但它沒有“活著的”意思,而其他三個都有。

如:

Young children are usually lively.

小孩子們通常是活潑的。

He told a very lively story.

他講了一個生動的故事。

⑵alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思,與dead意義相反。但live通常只作前置定語,且一般用于動物;alive、living不僅可作定語(alive只能置于名詞后;living一般置于名詞前,也可置于名詞后),也可以作表語。

如:This is a live(=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.)

這是一條活魚。(指動物,且作定語時,三者均可用)

Who's the greatest man alive(=living man)?

誰是當(dāng)今最偉大的人物?(指人,不能用live)

The fish is still alive(=living)

那條魚還活著。(指動物作表語時不能用live)。

⑶living主要指在某個時候是活著的,而alive指本來有死的可能,但仍活著的。而且,作主語補(bǔ)足語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時,只能用alive;作比喻義(如“活像。。!、“活生生的”等)解時,要用living。

如:The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主語補(bǔ)足語,不用living)

那位敵方軍官被活捉了。

We found the snake alive.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語,不用living)

He is the living image of his father.(比喻義,不用alive)

他活象他父親。

⑷只有l(wèi)iving前加the方可表示“活著的人”,作主語時,視作復(fù)數(shù)。

如:The living are more important to us than the dead.

活著的人對我們來說比死去的人更重要。