1、在錯(cuò)綜條件句子中,虛擬條件從句和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所指的時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式。例如: 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)昨天晚上的那部電影。(從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。) 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告,現(xiàn)在病就好了。(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。) 2、在if虛擬條件句中,有時(shí)可把連詞省去,采用倒裝語(yǔ)序把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were或助動(dòng)詞did,had,should移到句首構(gòu)成非真實(shí)條件從句的另一種句型,其意思不變。例如: 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出時(shí)間,我們很樂(lè)意逛公園。 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconveniece.假如沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)電,現(xiàn)代世界將很不方便。 3、有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件從句來(lái)表述,而用介詞(如without, but for等)引出的短語(yǔ)、分詞(如supposing等)引出的短語(yǔ)、并列連詞(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由動(dòng)詞suppose引出的祈使句或通過(guò)上下文的意思來(lái)表達(dá)。此時(shí)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的相應(yīng)形式。例如: 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的勸告,我是不會(huì)做這份工作的。 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.顯然維克多不知道發(fā)生了什么事情。不然的話,他就不會(huì)說(shuō)這樣愚蠢的話了。 4、在一些表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等含義的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這類動(dòng)詞有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如: 1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他們要求立即撤出侵略軍。 2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建議,由于他犯有嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)解除他的職務(wù)。 5、在"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+賓語(yǔ)從句"句型中,要求后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。但這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示的不是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),而是一種尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,其從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如: 1)I would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五來(lái)。 2)I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.我真希望你別對(duì)她那么粗魯?shù)刂v話。 6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等詞有關(guān)的同位語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如: 1)M y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意見是小組召開另一次會(huì)議來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我們強(qiáng)調(diào)在開始制定一個(gè)新的計(jì)劃之前,必須把要達(dá)到的所有目標(biāo)都考慮進(jìn)去。 7、在某些"It is +形容詞+that..."句型中,如"It is important(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...",that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如: 1)It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人們迫切地希望能給這個(gè)學(xué)院派一個(gè)新院長(zhǎng)。 2)It is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,這個(gè)女孩竟會(huì)如此傲慢。 8、在"It is ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that..."這個(gè)句型中,that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"。例如: 1)It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提議露茜在晚會(huì)上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。 2)It was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to help them.有人建議派更多的老師去那兒幫助他們。 9、as if /though可以引出一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句也可以引出一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)as if /though跟在be,feel,look,seem ,sound等系動(dòng)詞之后時(shí),引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句;如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be等,as if /though引導(dǎo)的則是方式狀語(yǔ)從句。無(wú)論是哪種類型的從句,只要從句的內(nèi)容是不真實(shí)的,都必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí);表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反要用"had +過(guò)去分詞";表示與將來(lái)可能相反的則用"would(could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形"。例如: 1)I feel as if I were going to faint.我感到我像要昏過(guò)去似的。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的表語(yǔ)從句) 2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(與將來(lái)可能相反的主語(yǔ)從句) 10、在It is(about /high)time引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,也可以根據(jù)需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用以表示"(此刻)該做......而沒(méi)有做"的意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或"should +動(dòng)詞原形(用should時(shí),不能將其省略)"。例如: 1)It is time I should leave.我該走了。 2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你該穿衣服了。 11、if only引導(dǎo)的是省略了表示結(jié)果的主句的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在已成為慣用法,表達(dá)愿望。從句用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望;對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。這類句型表示一種不真實(shí)的條件,常譯成"要是......就好了!"例如: 1)If only I had taken mother's advice.我要是聽取媽媽的建議就好了。 2)If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能講幾種外語(yǔ)就好了。 12、在以in order that,so that,lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"may(might)+動(dòng)詞原形"或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"。在以lest引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should +動(dòng)詞原形"。例如: 1)She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好幾天,以便能照顧生病的母親。 2)The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老師一再解釋這些句子以便學(xué)生能夠清楚地理解。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾點(diǎn)特殊用法
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-9-28 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版