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虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾點(diǎn)特殊用法

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-9-28 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

1、在錯(cuò)綜條件句子中,虛擬條件從句和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所指的時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式。例如: 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)昨天晚上的那部電影。(從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。) 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告,現(xiàn)在病就好了。(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。) 2、在if虛擬條件句中,有時(shí)可把連詞省去,采用倒裝語(yǔ)序把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were或助動(dòng)詞did,had,should移到句首構(gòu)成非真實(shí)條件從句的另一種句型,其意思不變。例如: 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出時(shí)間,我們很樂(lè)意逛公園。 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconveniece.假如沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)電,現(xiàn)代世界將很不方便。 3、有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件從句來(lái)表述,而用介詞(如without, but for等)引出的短語(yǔ)、分詞(如supposing等)引出的短語(yǔ)、并列連詞(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由動(dòng)詞suppose引出的祈使句或通過(guò)上下文的意思來(lái)表達(dá)。此時(shí)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的相應(yīng)形式。例如: 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的勸告,我是不會(huì)做這份工作的。 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.顯然維克多不知道發(fā)生了什么事情。不然的話,他就不會(huì)說(shuō)這樣愚蠢的話了。 4、在一些表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等含義的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這類動(dòng)詞有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如: 1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他們要求立即撤出侵略軍。 2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建議,由于他犯有嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)解除他的職務(wù)。 5、在"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+賓語(yǔ)從句"句型中,要求后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。但這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示的不是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),而是一種尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,其從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如: 1)I would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五來(lái)。 2)I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.我真希望你別對(duì)她那么粗魯?shù)刂v話。 6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等詞有關(guān)的同位語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如: 1)M y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意見是小組召開另一次會(huì)議來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我們強(qiáng)調(diào)在開始制定一個(gè)新的計(jì)劃之前,必須把要達(dá)到的所有目標(biāo)都考慮進(jìn)去。 7、在某些"It is +形容詞+that..."句型中,如"It is important(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...",that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如: 1)It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人們迫切地希望能給這個(gè)學(xué)院派一個(gè)新院長(zhǎng)。 2)It is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,這個(gè)女孩竟會(huì)如此傲慢。 8、在"It is ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that..."這個(gè)句型中,that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"。例如: 1)It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提議露茜在晚會(huì)上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。 2)It was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to help them.有人建議派更多的老師去那兒幫助他們。 9、as if /though可以引出一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句也可以引出一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)as if /though跟在be,feel,look,seem ,sound等系動(dòng)詞之后時(shí),引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句;如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be等,as if /though引導(dǎo)的則是方式狀語(yǔ)從句。無(wú)論是哪種類型的從句,只要從句的內(nèi)容是不真實(shí)的,都必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí);表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反要用"had +過(guò)去分詞";表示與將來(lái)可能相反的則用"would(could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形"。例如: 1)I feel as if I were going to faint.我感到我像要昏過(guò)去似的。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的表語(yǔ)從句) 2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(與將來(lái)可能相反的主語(yǔ)從句) 10、在It is(about /high)time引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,也可以根據(jù)需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用以表示"(此刻)該做......而沒(méi)有做"的意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或"should +動(dòng)詞原形(用should時(shí),不能將其省略)"。例如: 1)It is time I should leave.我該走了。 2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你該穿衣服了。 11、if only引導(dǎo)的是省略了表示結(jié)果的主句的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在已成為慣用法,表達(dá)愿望。從句用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望;對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。這類句型表示一種不真實(shí)的條件,常譯成"要是......就好了!"例如: 1)If only I had taken mother's advice.我要是聽取媽媽的建議就好了。 2)If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能講幾種外語(yǔ)就好了。 12、在以in order that,so that,lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"may(might)+動(dòng)詞原形"或"should +動(dòng)詞原形"。在以lest引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should +動(dòng)詞原形"。例如: 1)She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好幾天,以便能照顧生病的母親。 2)The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老師一再解釋這些句子以便學(xué)生能夠清楚地理解。