目標(biāo)導(dǎo)引

1．單元詞匯及短語

amusement,bungeejumping,free-fallride,minority,cartoon,thrill,attraction,

educate,conservation,souvenir,collection,castle,coastal,divide,section,shuttle,butterfly,injury,rocket,helicopter,civilization,achievement,prevent,handbag,

twist,darkness,imagination,designer,endless

2.單元句型

問路及其應(yīng)答的交際用語

(1)問路的交際用語

Excuse me. Am I going in the right direction?

Excuse me. Which … goes to…?

Excuse me. Dose this road lead to…,please?

Where can I find a …,please?

(2)應(yīng)答的交際用語

It’s in that direction.

Go down/up this path/street/road…

It’s south/north of the…

Turn left/right at …

3.單元語法

The-ing Form used as Adverbial

核心知識

同義詞辨析

1．look(at)和see

(1)look一般用作不及物動詞，后跟介詞at構(gòu)成短語動詞才能表示及物的意義。look表示有意識地看，強調(diào)“看”的動作。如：

Look!That’s a car.看！那是一輛車。

May I look at your new book?我可以看看你的新書嗎？

look還可以作連系動詞，作“看上去”解。如：

You look the same.你們看上去長得真像。

They look fine today.他們今天看上去氣色不錯。

Look at the picture.看那張畫。

（2）see既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，是“有視力，有能力看見”的意思，強調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，常與can連用，一般不用于進行時。如：

Can you see the door?你能看見那扇門嗎？

It’s dark .I can’t see.太暗了，我看不見。

I can see some animals over there.我能看見那邊有些動物。

A blind man can’t see anything.盲人看不見任何東西。

see還可以表示“會見”，“訪問”，“觀看”等意思。如：

See you again.再見。

Let’s go to see a film.咱們?nèi)タ措娪鞍伞?/p>

2.other和the other

(1)other意為“其他”，“另外”，用作形容詞時可修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：

I study Chinese, English and other subjects.我學(xué)習(xí)漢語、英語和其他課程。

Have you any other book on this subject?你還有別的關(guān)于這個學(xué)科的書嗎？

What other things can you see?你還能看見別的什么東西嗎？

（2）the other意為兩者中國消費者報的“另一個“，常與one連用。如：

Where is the other one? 另一個在哪里？

I have two pencils .One is red. the other is blue.

我 有兩支鉛筆。一支是紅色的，另一支是藍色的。

This room is my bedroom; the other is my office.

這個房間是我的臥室，另一間是我的辦公室。

the other還可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示除前面提到的以外的“全部其余的”。如：

Two of the books are yours ,the other books are mine.

這些書里有兩本是你的，其余的書是我的。

3．common, usual和ordinary

(1)common意為“普通的”，“平常的”，指常見的，常常發(fā)生的，不足為奇的。如：

The birds are very common here.這些鳥在這兒很常見。

The common man in every country is anxious for world peace.

每個國家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。

Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的國家雪是常見的。

（2）usual意為“通常的“，習(xí)慣性的”，可用于一切頻繁發(fā)生的事情。如：

Tea is considered to be the usual drink in Britain.

在英國，茶被視為一種習(xí)慣性的飲料。

He arrived later than usual.他到得比平常晚一些。

Are you coming home at the usual time?你準(zhǔn)備按往常的時間回家嗎？

Yes ,I shall leave the office at the same time as usual?

是的，我將和平常一樣準(zhǔn)時離開辦公室。

My usual chair had been moved from is usual place.

我平常用的椅子已從老地方移 開了。

（3）ordinary意為“通常的”，“普通的”，有“日常的”，“隨時都可以碰到的”含意，與common意思相近。如：

An ordinary workday is eight hours.一個工作日通常是八個小時。

It was a very ordinary day today.今天是很平常的一天。

He is a little man with ordinary looking.他是個個子矮小，相普通的人。

Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble.

湯姆.索耶是個常常惹事生非的普普通通的美國男孩.

4.other和another

(1)other表示泛指,意為”另外的、別的、其它的“。常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。如果其前有the ,this, some, any, each, every, no, one以及形容詞性物主代詞時，其后就可接單數(shù)名詞。注意下面other的幾種變形：

others：它是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指，意為“別的人或物”，但不指全部。如：

Many students are playing on the playground. Some are playing football; others are palying baskeball.

很多學(xué)生在操場上玩。一些人在踢足球；另一些人在打籃球。

the other:表示兩者中的另外一個。可單獨使用，也可后接單數(shù)名詞。如：

The old man has two sons. One is a worker ,the other is a teacher.

這人老人有兩人兒子。一個是工人，另一個是老師。

但如果the other后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，或者the othersg本身用復(fù)數(shù)形式（the others）,則可表示其余的全部。如：

We shall do some cleaning this afternoon. Group One will clean the wall. Group Two will clean the windows. The other students will sweep the floor.

我們今天下午要打掃衛(wèi)生。第一組打掃墻。第二級打掃窗子。其余學(xué)生掃地。

（2）another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一個”。它可單獨使用，也可后接名詞。如果其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則表示“又、再、還”。如：

This cap is too small for me. Show me another(one).

這個杯子對我來說太小了。給我另外一個。

We need another three assistants in our shop.我們商店還需要三個助手。

5．meet和meet with

(1)meet意為“相逢”，“遇見”；“連接”。如：

At Boston University, he met his wife,Coretta.

在波斯頓大學(xué)，認(rèn)識了他的妻子科利塔。

I met my teacher in the street today.我今天在街上遇見了我的老師。

If you like ,we can meet you there.如果你愿意的話，我們在那兒接你。

Will you meet her at the station?你到車站去接她嗎？

（2）meet with意為“偶然遭遇，碰到（尤指不愉快的事情）”；“會見，會晤”。如：

I met with some difficulties when I tried to enter the country.

我在入境時遇到了一些困難。

Our representatives met with several heads of state.

我們的代表會晤了幾個國家的首腦。

6．wound, injuret和hurt

（1）wound一般指外傷，多指槍或銳器所造在的創(chuàng)傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷。如：

The soldier was sounded in the arm.這個士兵的胳膊受傷了。

（2）injure指在事故中受傷。如：

There were two people injured in the car accident.

有兩個人在車禍中受了傷。

She was injured badly in an accident during the work.

她在一次工傷事故中受了重傷。

（3）hurt為一般用語，指精神上的傷害，也可指肉體的損傷。如：

Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.

一輛公共汽車和一輛卡車相撞，許多人受了傷。

She’s hurt because you haven’t visited her.

她很傷心，因為你沒有去看她。

I was very much hurt at his words.他的話傷透了我的心。

7．way和method

兩者都可以表示“方式”。

（1）way是普通用語，指做事的方法，也可泛指思考、生活方式等。如：

Some like the older ways of doing things.有些人喜歡處理事務(wù)的老辦法。

Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.

壓力是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，無法逃避。

（2）method指“（系統(tǒng)的，具有一定理論依據(jù)的）方法”。如：

Our teacher is showing us a new method of writing

老師告訴我們一種書寫的新方法。

There’s not much method in the way they do their accounts.Will you come to help them?

他們記賬的方法沒有什么條理，你能來幫幫他們嗎？

8．go, become, get和grow

這幾個詞作系動詞時，都可以表示“變成”的意思，但也有些區(qū)別。

（1）become, get和go通常表示變化的過程已經(jīng)完成，有“變成了”的意思，但become比較正式，而get和go比較口語化。此外，become和get的變化可以是由好變壞，好可以是由壞變好，而go的變化通常是由好變壞。如：

The situation has become even worse/better.情況變得更糟/更好。

They are getting richer and richer/poorer and poorer.他們越來越富/窮。

The situation has gone even worse.

They are getting poorer and poorer.

（2）grow有逐漸“變化”之意。如：

My younger brother is growing tall.。我的弟弟漸漸長高了。

9.prevent,Stop和keep

表示“制止(阻止、防止)某人或某物做某事，有三種表達方式，可以互換。

1)prevent sb.(sth.) from doing sth.

2)stop sb.(sth.) from doing sth. from(常可省略)

3)keep sb.(sth.) from doing sth. from(不可省略)

eg.1)I think doing this can prevent such things (from) happening again.

我認(rèn)為這樣做能夠防止再發(fā)生類似的事情。

2)Who can stop us (from) going if we want to go?

如果我們要去，誰能阻止得了呢？

3)Nothing will keep us from coming here.

什么也阻止不了我們到這里來。

10.divide 和separate

separate 把原來連在一起或靠近的“分隔開來”，常與from搭配。

eg.1)The Taiwan Straits separates Taiwan from Fujian.

臺灣海峽把臺灣和福建隔開了。

2)Please separate the white shirt from the colored ones.

請把白襯衫與其他顏色的襯衫分開。

此外，separate也可指離別之義。

eg.We are separated for the present.

我們暫時離別。

divede 指把整體“劃分”成若干份，常與into搭配。

eg.1)The teacher devided the whole class into 5 groups.

老師把整個班級分成了五個小組。

2)The island is divided into two parts.

這個島嶼初分成兩部分。

課文難點詮釋

(1)A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a comman theme.

主題公園就是圍繞著某一主題所設(shè)計的集車乘、展覽及其他游樂項目為一體的公園。

That are based on a comman theme是一個由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾限定a collection of rides, exhibition or other attractions.

定語從句在本單元出現(xiàn)較多，現(xiàn)舉例如下：

1)A good example of a theme park that both educates and entertains is Ocean Park, in Hong Kong.

一個集教育與娛樂于一身的樣板主題公園就是香港的海洋公園。

2)Visitors to Ocean Park will find all the rides and attractions that can be found in most parks, but…

去海洋公園參觀的游管們將會在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)公園都有的車乘和游樂項目。

3）The park has a conservation that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.

這座公園有一個幫助保護在亞洲河流和沿海海域的海洋動物及棲息地的保護中心。

4)Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the film.

游客們能夠坐上令其興奮的車乘，體會做在電影里看到的英雄所做的事的感受。

在本句中出現(xiàn)了兩個定語從句，一個是由where引出的定語從句，另一個是由省去的which或that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。

5)You sit in a car that“fall”from a tall tower and you scream your way down to a safe landing.

你坐在從高塔上跌下來的車中，一路尖叫著落到安全處。

(2)What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something.

它們的共通之處是將短語和學(xué)習(xí)機會結(jié)合在一起。

本句出現(xiàn)了兩個名詞性從句。

其一為what they all have in common為主語從句。其二為that they combine with the opportunity to learn something為表語從句。

名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句以及同位語從句。

課文中出現(xiàn)的名詞性從句列舉如下：

1)But theme parkes also try to make sure that visitors leave knowing more about their theme.(賓語從句)

2)It seems that people just cannot get enough of scary rides and exciting adventures.(賓語從句)

3)So if you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air…(賓語從句)

4)For many visitors,rides are what theme parks are all abort…(表語從句)

(3)If there isn’t one where you live get, don’t worry, the theme parks are coming.

如果在你住的地方還沒有主題公園的話，不要著急，馬上就會有的。

本句含著一個由whose引出的地點狀語從句。

(4)Entering one of the attractions at Universal studios like stepping into the world of your favourite film.

進入環(huán)球影城的一個娛樂項目，就像踏進你更喜歡的電影世界。

本句中entering和stepping均為動名詞，前者作主語，后者作介詞like的賓語。

又如：

The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allow us to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury.

本句中出現(xiàn)的動名詞being和risking均作介詞without的賓語。

(5)Some thrill rides will let you feel what it is like to fall through the air.

有些動感電影會讓你有自天而降的感受。

1)let為使義動詞，后面接動詞原形作賓語。

例如：let/have/make sb. do

注意：get sb. to do

2)What it is (feels) like to do sth.

其中it 為形式主語，to do sth.作真正的主語。

譯為：做某事有什么樣的感受，或是什么樣的主語。

3)So if you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air…

語法基礎(chǔ)知識

“-ing”形式在句子中作狀語

分詞或分詞短語在句中可以作狀語修飾謂語或整個句子，說明謂語動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨狀況，可以用下面句型來表示：

分詞/分詞短語+ 主語+謂語動詞+……

分詞或分詞短語修飾謂語動詞，分詞或分詞短語也可以修飾全句。

分詞或分詞短語用來說明謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨狀況

根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動作發(fā)生的先后，我們應(yīng)選擇現(xiàn)在分詞的不同形式在句型中作狀語，若現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動作同時存在，或同時發(fā)出，則用現(xiàn)分詞的的一般式，若現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即having done的形式。

一、現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時間狀語有以下三種情況：

1.分詞動作一生發(fā)，謂語動作緊跟著發(fā)生，這時用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時間狀語，其邏輯主語為句中的主語。常用的動詞，如：hear,see arrive, return, get to ,look, open, close, leave, trun around, walk 等，表示一個極短暫時動作。

此種情況可以換作on+動名詞，表示相同的意思。譯作“一(剛)……就……”。

此種情況也可以換作是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，該從句的動詞多用一般過去時表示。如：

hearing their teacher’s voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.

(=On hearing their teacher’s voice…=When they heard their teacher’s voice, the pupils…)

一聽到教師的聲音，學(xué)生們立即停止講話。

2.謂語動作發(fā)生在分詞所表示的動作過程之中，則用when/while+現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，分詞的邏輯主語為句中的主語。此種情況可以用in+動名詞的一般式代替。

也可以換作when\ while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，該從句的謂語動詞用進行時態(tài)如：

Don’t be careless when/while having an exam

= Don’t be careless in having an exam.

=Don’t be careless when/ while you are having an exam. 考試時不要粗心。

注：此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用其他連接詞替換when或while.

3.分詞所表示的動作完成之后，謂語動作才發(fā)生，則要現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即having done 的形式。分詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)是句中的主語。

這種情況可以用after+動名詞的一般式表示。

這種情況也可以用after/when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句來替換，該從句的謂語動詞用過去完成式。如：

Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

After having finished his homework, the boy…

After/when he had finished his homework, the boy…

二、現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作原因狀語

1.分詞短語在句中作原因狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。與時間狀語一樣，也要注意分詞所表示的動作與謂語動作的先后關(guān)系。當(dāng)分詞所表示的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用分詞的一般形式。此時分詞的邏輯主語須是句中的主語。這樣的原因狀語可以換成because, as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語，該從句謂語動詞用一般過去時。

Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.

因為不知道如何解這道物理難題，他求助老師。

=Because he didn’t know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…h(huán)elp.

2.當(dāng)分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作原因狀語，其邏輯主語須為句中的主語，該短語的作用相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。該從句的謂語動詞須用完成時。如：

Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.

= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.

因為與那個女孩一起生活了五年，我們都非常了解她。

三、現(xiàn)在分詞短 語在句中可以作條件狀語，其邏輯主語須為句中的主語，該短語相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。

Working hard, you’ll succeed.= If you work hard, you’ll succeed.

如果你努力工作，你會成功的。

Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the the park.= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. 如果轉(zhuǎn)向左邊，你將找到通向公園的小道。

四、分詞短語在句中作讓步狀語

分詞短語在句中作讓步狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個讓步狀語從句，有時分詞前可以帶有連接詞although, whether, even if, even though.

現(xiàn)在分詞短語作讓步狀語，分詞的邏輯主語是句中的主語，變成狀語從句時，需用主動語態(tài)。

Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone. = Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone.

雖然那塊石頭重將近一百斤，他一個人就把它挪動了。

五、分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語

現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中可以作結(jié)果狀語，它的邏輯主語便是句中的主語，該短語相當(dāng)于一個結(jié)果狀語從句，且用主動語態(tài)。分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語時，通常位于句末，中間有逗號。有時為了加強語氣，就在分詞前加thus.

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

=their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay.

他們的車遇上交通阻塞，因而耽誤了。

六、分詞短語在句中表示方式或伴隨情況

分詞短語表示方式或伴隨情況是比較常見的。它用來說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。一般情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，它的邏輯主語就是句中的主語，謂語動詞作為主要動作，而現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個陪襯動作，它沒有相應(yīng)的狀語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換，但可以用并列句來轉(zhuǎn)換。過去分詞可以主明謂語動作的背景。過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間有動賓關(guān)系。如：

the children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.

The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room.

那些孩子們跑出房間，愉快地笑著、說著。

Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.

在老師的幫助下，學(xué)生們成功地完成了任務(wù)。

時尚口語交際

敘述過去的經(jīng)歷和按順序描述事件

1.-Could you tell me what happened to you yesterday? 你能告訴我昨天你所遇到的事嗎？

----All right. When I was crossing the street, I was almost hit by a car. Luckily, I jumped back in time.好的。當(dāng)我過馬路時，差點兒被一輛小汽車撞上。幸虧我及時向后跳。

2. ---What did you think at that time? 你當(dāng)時是怎么想的？

---I had no time to think. I called the fire emergency number 119 immediately.

我沒有時間考慮。我立即打了火警電話119。

---What did you do after that? 之后你怎么做的？

---I took out some towels, wetted them , and put them on me .

我拿出幾條毛巾，弄濕后放在身上。

3. ---Did you experience the war in 1949?你經(jīng)歷過1949年那場戰(zhàn)爭嗎？

---Sure I did. I’ll never forget that. 當(dāng)然經(jīng)歷了。我永遠不會忘記那件事的。

4. ---When did the accident happen?事故是何時發(fā)生的？

--- At about three o'clock yesterday afternoon.大約昨天下午三點鐘。

5. ---Have you ever experienced a natural disaster?你經(jīng)歷過一次自然災(zāi)難嗎？

---Yes, That was in the summer of 1991. Many villages were flooded in our hometown.

是那。那是在1991年的夏天。我們家鄉(xiāng)許多村莊被淹沒了。

----What was it like?它的情形如何？

---It's terribe.很可怕。

6. ---What happened next?接下來發(fā)生了什么事？

---Many people tried to run out. 很多人拼命向外跑。

7. ---Can you describe what he is like? 你能描述一下他的樣子嗎？

---Yes, He's about 5 feet and very thin. 好的。他大約5英尺，很瘦。

8. ---Were you frightened at that time? 你當(dāng)時害怕嗎？

---Yes. I was too scared to see anything. 是的。我嚇得什么也沒看見。

9.---How did you feel when you saw the elephant?看到大象時你有什么感覺？

---Very excited, for I had never seen it before.很興奮，因為之前我從沒有見過大象。

10.---What were you doing when the earthquake happened? 地震發(fā)生時你下在干什么？

---I was watching TV at home. 我正在家里看電視。

11. ---What did you do when the fire broke out? 發(fā)生火災(zāi)時你做了什么？

---First, I ran downstairs. Next, I called the fire alarm. Then, I rushed into the burning house. Finally I rescued two children.

首先我跑下樓。之后打火警電話，再之后我沖進燃燒的屋子，最后我救出兩個小孩。

典型例題

【例1】_______from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

A. Suffered B. Suffering

C. Having suffered D. Being suffered

精析 狀語是for years，要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時。經(jīng)受了多年心臟病折磨的痛苦，懷特教授無論走到哪里都不得不隨身帶著藥。

答案 C

【例2】He sent me an E-mail,________ to get further information.

A. hope B.hoping

C. to hope D. hope

精析 現(xiàn)在分詞hoping表示與send me an E-mail同時發(fā)生的動作。不定式做目的狀語時，其正確形式是：He sent me an E-mail ,to get further information.

答案 B

【例3】________ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A.Having suffered B.Suffering

C.To suffer D.Suffered

精析 從already一詞可知，要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。由于已經(jīng)受到如此嚴(yán)重的污染，現(xiàn)在清理河道可能太晚了。

答案 A

【例4】The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks ________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added B. to add

C. adding D. added

答案 C