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NSEFC 高一Unit 20 重、難點(diǎn)講解

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-9-19 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

本單元重、難點(diǎn)講解

1.In England,who can marry couples in church?

在英國(guó),誰(shuí)能夠在教堂里結(jié)為夫婦主持婚禮呢?

①marry用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“嫁、娶;把女兒嫁給某人;(指牧師或官員)為(雙方)主持婚禮。”

此時(shí)marry是終止性動(dòng)詞,不能與一般時(shí)間連用,也不能和to連用。如:

My brother married a neighbour’s daughter.

我哥哥娶了一位鄰居家的女兒。

Mr Brown wanted to marry his daughter to a rich man.

布朗先生要把他的女兒嫁給一個(gè)有錢(qián)的人。

marry用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“結(jié)婚”,也是終止性動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)和副詞、形容詞連用。如:

John married young. 約翰早婚。

She married late in life. 她很晚才結(jié)婚。

在非正式文體中,“結(jié)婚”常用be/get married(to sb),get married表示動(dòng)作,be married表示狀態(tài),其中to不能換成with.如:

She got married to a man from her hometown. 她同一位同鄉(xiāng)結(jié)了婚。

Betty’s parents have been married for more than 25 years.

貝蒂的父母結(jié)婚已經(jīng)25年多了。

②couple意為“一對(duì)男女;夫婦”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù),若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,有時(shí)也視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:

The young couple seems(seem)to be happy.

這對(duì)年輕人看起來(lái)很快樂(lè)。

a couple of有兩種含義。一種作“兩個(gè)”,另一種作“幾個(gè)、數(shù)個(gè)”。如:

They keep a couple of dogs. 他們養(yǎng)了兩條狗。

They stayed there for a couple of days.

他們?cè)谀谴袅藥滋臁?/p>

2.How close to each other did the man and the woman live?

這位男士和女士相互居住得有多近?

close to意為“離……很近;在附近;幾乎”。如:

The British don’t like to stand close to each other.

英國(guó)人不喜歡站立時(shí)離得很近。

It’s close to five o’clock now. Let’s have a rest.

現(xiàn)在快5點(diǎn)鐘了,咱們休息一下吧!

close與closely的辨析

close與closely皆為副詞,但有區(qū)別。

close意為“接近地,靠近地”,表示具體的概念;close多用來(lái)修飾由介詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)。

closely意為“仔細(xì)地,密切地”,常表達(dá)抽象的概念,它多用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞。如:

Everyone felt that his words hit close to home.

大家都認(rèn)為他的話(huà)擊中了要害。

This problem is closely connected with that one.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題與那個(gè)問(wèn)題有密切的聯(lián)系。

3.I would like to reach a wide audience,though I mostly have adults in mind.

我想影響廣大的觀眾,雖然我主要想著成年人。

①would like(= would love/ should like)常用來(lái)表示有禮貌的請(qǐng)求或表示個(gè)人意愿,意為“想要、愿意”,其后常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或含有動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如;

Would you like a cup of coffee?

Would you like to help me with the washing up?

Would you like me to have a look at your new dictionary?

②audience屬于集合名詞。意為“聽(tīng)眾、觀眾、讀者”,以整體考慮時(shí)視為單數(shù),而重點(diǎn)放在個(gè)人時(shí),則視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:

The audience was/ were fascinated by her beautiful song.

聽(tīng)眾被她那美妙的歌聲迷住了。

The program is said to have an audience of over two million.

據(jù)說(shuō)那個(gè)節(jié)目擁有二百萬(wàn)以上的觀眾。

③mostly意為“主要地、大部分地”,無(wú)比較等級(jí)形式,只用作副詞而不能用作形容詞。如:

Our weather has been mostly warm. 我們這里的氣候多數(shù)情況下都很暖和。

4.Still,I do not think everybody will find my kind of humour funny.

但我還是認(rèn)為并非所有人都會(huì)覺(jué)得我這類(lèi)幽默好笑。

①still用作副詞,意為“盡管如此;然而;但還是”。如:

He has treated you badly;still,he is your brother and you should help him.

他待你很不好,但他終歸是你的兄弟,你應(yīng)該幫助他。

Although she felt ill,she still went to work.

她雖然覺(jué)得身體不舒服,但仍然去上班了。

②注意本句英漢表達(dá)的區(qū)別。英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞,如:think,believe,expect,suppose,feel,quess,imagine等。當(dāng)它們后面接一個(gè)具有否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常要把主句的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ,而賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。這種現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在反疑疑問(wèn)句中,若陳述部分是第一人稱(chēng),think等詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則疑問(wèn)部分需與從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致,否則要與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如:

I don’t believe what he said is true,is it?

我認(rèn)為他說(shuō)的不是真話(huà)。

I don’t think it’s going to rain tomorrow,is it?

我想明天不會(huì)下雨,對(duì)嗎?

You don’t think I have made mistakes,do you?

你并不認(rèn)為我犯了什么錯(cuò)誤,是嗎?

5.Jokes about speaking a foreign language,German for example,always works.

有關(guān)說(shuō)外國(guó)話(huà)的笑話(huà),比如說(shuō)德語(yǔ),總是能引人發(fā)笑。

work表示“產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果或作用”的意思,是不及物動(dòng)詞,指計(jì)劃、辦法等。獲得所希望的結(jié)果。如:

Did the cleaning fluid work(on that stain)?

這種洗滌劑(對(duì)那塊污斑)管用嗎?

My plan worked,and I got them to agree.

我的想法奏效了,我讓他們同意了。

Stories always work with children.

對(duì)孩子而言,故事總是管用的。

6.Cross-dressing men or women often appear on the stage.

穿異性服裝的男演員或女演員經(jīng)常亮相舞臺(tái)。

appear意為“出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)”,用作不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其反義詞為disappear.如:

A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. 雨后天空出現(xiàn)彩虹。

We expected him at seven but he didn’t appear until eight.

我們期待他7點(diǎn)會(huì)來(lái),但他到8點(diǎn)才出現(xiàn)。

appear還可作“似乎,好像,顯得”,不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:

You don’t appear to care much for music.

你好像不怎么喜歡音樂(lè)。(appear to do sth.)

she appears (to be)an honest girl.

她似乎是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的女孩。(appear [to be] n / adj)

appear,look ,seem的辨析

appear指根據(jù)事物的表面現(xiàn)象而提出的判斷,暗含事實(shí)往往并非如此。

look指憑視覺(jué)印象而做出的判斷,實(shí)際上也可能如此。

seem是指暗含有一定根據(jù),往往接近事實(shí)的判斷,是強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心的感受,它們之后都可以接名詞、形容詞,to be不定式等結(jié)構(gòu)。

7.The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.

表演者通過(guò)取笑某人的著裝方式,講述有趣的故事,引我們發(fā)笑。

①make sb. do sth.的意思是“使某人做某事”,其中的do sth.為不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這一結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這時(shí)的不定式要帶to,除make外,see,hear等動(dòng)詞也可接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:

A funny movie often makes us laugh. 滑稽的影片常逗得我們捧腹大笑。

②介詞by與動(dòng)名詞或名詞連用,表示方式、手段或原因,意為“通過(guò),憑借,因?yàn)椤。如?/p>

He caught a cold by playing soccer in the rain.

他在雨中踢足球而感冒了。

Don’t judge a person by appearance. 不要以貌取人。

by多用于動(dòng)作,表示通過(guò)做什么事情以取得預(yù)期的結(jié)果。

with多用于一件東西、工具等,表示我們用的是什么工具。如:

He got what he wanted by talking very cleverly.

他話(huà)說(shuō)得很乘巧,因而得到了他想要的東西。

He got what he wanted with flowers and chocolates.

他靠花束和巧克力糖得到了他想要得到的東西。

③an amusing story意為“一個(gè)好笑的故事”,amusing是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。此外,動(dòng)名詞也可作定語(yǔ),其區(qū)別為:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ),它與所修飾的名詞之間在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系,表示這個(gè)名詞的動(dòng)作,可改寫(xiě)成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途,可改寫(xiě)成一個(gè)for短語(yǔ),二者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。試比較:

a sleeping boy(= a boy who is sleeping)一個(gè)睡著的男孩

a sleeping car(= a car for sleeping)一輛臥車(chē)

8.Today students of English,even if English is their mother tongue,cannot understand his jokes.

今天,學(xué)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生,即使英語(yǔ)是他們的母語(yǔ),也無(wú)法理解他的笑話(huà)。

even if相當(dāng)于even though,意為“即使;盡管”如:

We will go,even if it rains. 即使下雨,我們也要走。

He will come,even if he is ill. 即使病了,他也會(huì)來(lái)的。

Even though it is hard work,I enjoy it. 盡管很難,我喜歡這件事。

9.Another type of people whose job is to make people laugh are comedians.

另一種類(lèi)型的使人發(fā)笑的專(zhuān)業(yè)人員就是喜劇演員。

type意為“類(lèi)型,樣式”,type of后的名詞通常不加冠詞。如:

what type of blood is yours? 你是什么血型?

She isn’t my type of woman. 她不是我喜歡的那種類(lèi)型的女人。

kind,sort,type的辨析

kind特指性質(zhì)相同,且有極相似之特征,比較籠統(tǒng)、模糊,而sort指大體相似的東西,它們常被通用;type指“型,類(lèi)型”等,比較具體和肯定。這三個(gè)詞之后多接單數(shù)名詞。如:this kind of car或cars of this kind.

10.What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy is their way of playing with words.

滑稽演員與喜劇演員,共同點(diǎn)在于說(shuō)話(huà)玩弄辭藻。

(have)…in common(with)意為“(和……)有共同之處,(和……)一樣”例如:

I haven’t a thing in common with my father.

我與父親沒(méi)有共同之處。

In common with most young people he hates getting up in the morning.

他跟大多數(shù)年輕人一樣,早晨不愿起床。

out of the common異乎尋常,不平常。例如:

He had noticed nothing out of the common.

他沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)異乎尋常的事。

10.A few minutes later everybody is quiet,listening and thinking about the comedian’s words.

過(guò)了幾分鐘,大家都安靜下來(lái),聽(tīng)著臺(tái)詞陷入沉思。

listening and thinking…是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ),表示同步于句子謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。例如:

Singing a pop song in a low voice,the girl came into the yard.

這姑娘低聲哼著流行歌曲,走進(jìn)了院子。

The old man sat by the window,reading a newspaper.

老人坐在窗邊,讀著報(bào)紙。

11.Typical for China is the crosstalk show,where a pair of comedians entertain the audience with word play.

中國(guó)喜劇的典型是相聲,兩個(gè)滑稽演員通過(guò)玩弄辭藻來(lái)逗樂(lè)觀眾。

這是一句倒裝句,其主語(yǔ)是the crosstalk show,typical是形容詞,作表語(yǔ)。原來(lái)句子順序是The crosstalk show,…,is typical for China.但由于show后面跟了一句較長(zhǎng)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡,所以把表語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞前置。

12.Dating back to the Qing Dynasty,the traditional crosstalk shows,xiangsheng shows,have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries.

傳統(tǒng)的相聲表演可以追溯到秦朝,已使全中國(guó)人笑了幾百年了。

date back to是固定短語(yǔ),解釋為“可追溯到……;是……時(shí)代開(kāi)始有的”不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),謂語(yǔ)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例如:This town dates back to Roman times.

這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的歷史可以追溯到羅馬時(shí)期。

date from與date back to意思相似。例如:

The custom dates from the time when men wore swords.

這一習(xí)慣開(kāi)始于男子佩劍時(shí)代。

13.Skilled artists make use of all the richness of spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.

技藝高超的藝術(shù)家利用豐富多彩的口語(yǔ),創(chuàng)造出連綿不絕的樂(lè)趣。

a flow of表示“某事物的持續(xù)或連續(xù)供應(yīng)”。又如:

cut off the flow of oil 切斷石油輸送

the constant flow of information源源不斷的信息

14.I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!

我決定將整件事情當(dāng)作一個(gè)大笑話(huà)!

look on sb. / sth. as sb./ sth. 意為“將某人/某事看作…”例如:

She is looked on as the leading authority on the subject.

她被認(rèn)為是該問(wèn)題的主要權(quán)威。