Unit 14 Festivals
本單元教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)講解
1.Compare a Chinese festival with a festival from another country.
把中國(guó)的一個(gè)節(jié)日同另一個(gè)國(guó)家的節(jié)日進(jìn)行比較。
①compare…with…把……與……相比。如:
It is necessary to compare English with Chinese in English study.
學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)有必要把英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)進(jìn)行比較。
②compare A to B除表達(dá)“把A和B做比較外”,更常表達(dá)“把A比作B,把A比喻成B”。如:
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亞把世界比作一個(gè)大舞臺(tái)。
注意:compared to和compared with通?梢酝ㄓ,用作句子狀語(yǔ),可以放在句首,也可放在句末,意為“與……相比”,“與……比起來(lái)”。如:
It was a small place then compared to/with what it is now.
和現(xiàn)在比起來(lái),那時(shí)它還是一個(gè)小地方。
Compared to/with many people, she was indeed lucky.
和許多人相比,她確實(shí)幸運(yùn)。
2.If you don’t know of any festivals from other countries, you can ask your teacher for ideas.
如果你不了解他國(guó)的任何節(jié)日,可以向老師請(qǐng)教。
①know of意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò),知道有”,指間接從別人那里聽(tīng)說(shuō)而了解到,后接人時(shí)只表示知道有這個(gè)人的存在。
know意為“認(rèn)識(shí)、知道”,指認(rèn)識(shí)某人,知道有事,是對(duì)某人、某事直接的了解和認(rèn)識(shí),后接人時(shí)表示認(rèn)識(shí)此人。
know about也可表達(dá)間接地了解或知道,意為“了解”,“知道……的情況”。后接人時(shí)表示了解此人。如:
To know everything is to know nothing.樣樣通,樣樣松。
I know of a shop where you can get things like that.
我知道有一家商店可以買(mǎi)到這類(lèi)東西。
I happened to know about him.我正好了解他的一些情況。
②ask sb. for…請(qǐng)求某人做某事,向某人要某物。如:
You can ask me for help whenever necessary.
不論何時(shí)需要,你都可以向我求助。
The little child is always asking his father for money.
那小孩總不斷地向他父親要錢(qián)。
注意:ask for sth.意為“要得到某物;ask for sb.意為“找某人,要見(jiàn)某人”。如:
He sat down and asked for a cup of coffee.
他坐下來(lái)要了一杯咖啡。
Somebody is asking for you.有人要見(jiàn)你。
3.People celebrate Mardi Gras by dressing up in costumes.
人們穿上盛裝,慶祝油膩的禮拜二。
①dress up穿上盛裝,打扮。如:
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner.
這次去吃飯你不必穿正式的服裝。
I don’t want to go to their wedding because I hate dressing up.
我不想去參加他們的婚禮,因?yàn)槲矣憛挻虬纭?/p>
dress up后面接in,表示“穿……服裝打扮”;接as,表示“打扮成……”。例如:
I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我只是喜歡穿古裝的那種情趣。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
這個(gè)小女孩打扮成一個(gè)天使。
另外,我們常用be dressed in表示“穿……”。例如:
She is always dressed in white.
她總是穿白色的服裝。
②celebrate與congratulate的辨析
celebrate表達(dá)“慶祝、祝賀”之意,限于用事,如節(jié)日、勝利、結(jié)婚紀(jì)念、生日等。是指以?xún)x式、典禮等活動(dòng)慶祝令人歡樂(lè)的事或日子。
congratulate指對(duì)人進(jìn)行祝賀,常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)congratulate sb. on sth.表達(dá)“為某事而祝賀某人”。
4.Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African-Americans.
Kwanzaa是一個(gè)七天的節(jié)日,慶祝非裔美國(guó)人的文化歷史。
①seven-day是一個(gè)復(fù)合詞,起形容詞作用。注意day不用復(fù)數(shù)。又如:
the tenth five-year plan第十個(gè)五年計(jì)劃;
a two-hour drive開(kāi)車(chē)兩小時(shí)
②句中的celebrating…是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),作后置定語(yǔ),其意思相當(dāng)于which celebrates…類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)的句子在文章中還有,如:The week following Christmas Day.
5.…,many African-American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.
…,很多非裔的美國(guó)家庭聚集在一起迎接新年,回味過(guò)去的歲月。
get together常指非正式地“聚會(huì);聯(lián)歡”,不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),后面可接動(dòng)詞不定式或相應(yīng)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。例如:
It’s a long time since I got together with her.
我好久沒(méi)有和她見(jiàn)面了。
The students of these four classes got together for an English evening.
這四個(gè)班的學(xué)生在一起開(kāi)了一次英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。
6.The African first fruit festivals had many things in common.
非洲人最初的收獲節(jié)有許多共同之處。
in common意為“共有的”、“共同的”,通常用于構(gòu)成以下短語(yǔ):
have…in common(with…)和某人有……共同之處
in common with…和……一樣。如:
They found they had a lot in common and got on well.
他們兩人發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多共同之處,說(shuō)得很投機(jī)。
In common with many other boys, he is into computer games.
同很多其他男孩一樣,他迷戀電腦游戲。
注意:在have…in common with…結(jié)構(gòu)中,have之后可用表程度的代詞,如:something, nothing, a lot, a little, little等。例如:
I have nothing in common with you.
我與你沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)共同之處。
7.People would get together to celebrate their harvest; they used to give thanks for their harvests and for life…
人們聚會(huì)歡慶收獲,對(duì)收成和人生表示感恩,……
would是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“過(guò)去常!背Ecoften, frequently, sometimes, for hours等連用。如:
When I was a child, I would often go skiing.
我小時(shí)候常去滑雪。
used to與would的辨析
used to表過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)或情況,客觀地陳述相當(dāng)期間的規(guī)則行為。其含義是現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣已不存在,不能與表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,但可跟狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞。
would表過(guò)去不大規(guī)則的行為,常與often, sometimes, frequently, for hours等詞連用,但不與表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用。如:
He used to be a worker.(√)
He would be a worker.(×)
There used to be an old temple on the hill.( 從前山上有座廟。)
She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all.
她總是一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒,什么也不做。
8.The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year.
這些節(jié)日是紀(jì)念歷史文化的方式和慶祝新年的一種方法。
①注意句中的history, culture前不用冠詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō),表示概念性或?qū)W科性的抽象名詞前不用冠詞。但如果帶有限制性的后置修飾成分,應(yīng)該使用定冠詞。
比較:American history和the history of America.
②as well as表示“與……一樣好”,其中的well是副詞。此處是并列連詞,意思是“不但……而且”。as well as后可以跟名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞和從句等。當(dāng)其并列兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前者保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致。例如:
The girl is lively as well as healthy.(連接兩個(gè)表語(yǔ))
這女孩既健康又活潑。
He wants a pen as well as a pencil.(連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ))
The teacher as well as all the students enjoys English classes.(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ))
9.We have to build our own lives, think for ourselves and speak for ourselves.
我們必須創(chuàng)建自己的生活,為我們自己而思考,為我們自己而宣傳。
for oneself意思為“親自、獨(dú)自”“為自己”。
oneself可和不同介詞搭配構(gòu)成不同短語(yǔ):
by oneself= alone獨(dú)自地、單獨(dú)地
of oneself自動(dòng)地
in oneself本身,本來(lái)
to oneself專(zhuān)對(duì),專(zhuān)為……單獨(dú)所有
come to oneself蘇醒,恢復(fù)意識(shí)
be oneself身體/頭腦正常,行動(dòng)自然
10.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.
我們必須盡力使我們的社區(qū)更好、更美麗。
as…as we can是一個(gè)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,意思為“盡可能 ,盡力”,相當(dāng)于as…as possible, to make our community better and more beautiful是不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。
注意:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could和不定式不屬于同一個(gè)意群。由例句可以看出,不定式為主句的一部分,作目的狀語(yǔ);而can, could為狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分,其后已承前省略了動(dòng)詞原形,所以不要再把can, could與不定式混同為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形”。如:
I’ll do as much as I can to help him.我將盡我所能來(lái)幫助他。
(can之后已省略動(dòng)詞原形do,to help him作目的狀語(yǔ))
11.We should believe in our family, our people, our teachers and our leaders.
我們應(yīng)該信任我們的家人,我們的人民,我們的老師,以及我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
believe in常見(jiàn)的有三種含義:
①信任(某人)He is an honest man . I believe in him.
②信仰I believe in God.我信仰上帝。
③相信……的價(jià)值或用處He believes in getting plenty of exercise.
他相信多做運(yùn)動(dòng)必有好處。
12.Creating a new festival may seem an unusual way to celebrate history and culture, but we are in fact all creating new festivals every year.
創(chuàng)立一個(gè)新節(jié)日,也許看起來(lái)像一種不同尋常的慶祝歷史和文化的方式,但實(shí)際上我們每年都在創(chuàng)立新的節(jié)日。
creating a new festival為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)同不定式、從句一樣,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。
13.Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little……
每次慶祝節(jié)日都會(huì)有一點(diǎn)兒變化,……
each time在這里是名詞短語(yǔ)作連詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。再如:
Each time I saw him, he was busy with his work.
14.Many festivals around the world are celebrated around the same time.
世界上許多節(jié)日大約都在同一時(shí)間慶祝。
注意:第一個(gè)around相當(dāng)于in,第二個(gè)around相當(dāng)于at about
15.Our ancestor celebrated the birth of a son or a daughter by giving away red eggs.
give away在這里的意思為“贈(zèng)送”“捐獻(xiàn)”。它還可作“分發(fā)(獎(jiǎng)品)”;“失去或錯(cuò)過(guò)(機(jī)會(huì))”;“泄露”如:
He has given away all his money to the beggar.
他把所有的錢(qián)都送給乞丐了。
It is said that the headmaster will give away the prizes to the sportsmen.
據(jù)說(shuō)校長(zhǎng)將給運(yùn)動(dòng)員頒獎(jiǎng)。
He gave away the chance of going abroad because of his sick wife.
因?yàn)樗〉钠拮,他放棄了出?guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。
16.The festival celebrates both the living and the dead.
這節(jié)日既慶祝生者也頌死者。
the living意為“活著的人們”,the dead意為“死去的人們”,兩者均屬于“the +形容詞”表一類(lèi)人,是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念。在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
The sick are being taken good care of.病人得到精心的護(hù)理。
The old老年人
17.It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.
這不是悲傷的日子,而是一個(gè)慶祝生命輪回的時(shí)刻。
not…but…意為“不是……,而是……”,句中連接兩個(gè)表語(yǔ)。not…but…連接兩個(gè)平行成分,當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)按“就近原則”。
Not he but you are wanted on the telephone.來(lái)電話(huà)找的是你不是他。
He does not work but play all day.
I am not a student but a teacher.
18.Our friends will play tricks on us and try to fool us, If a person takes in, he or she is called “April Fool!”
我們的朋友就會(huì)捉弄我們,試圖騙過(guò)我們。只要一個(gè)人中了圈套,他或她就被叫做“愚人”。
①play a trick on sb.或play tricks on sb.意為“捉弄某人,開(kāi)某人玩笑”
It is acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st.
四月一日那天,同朋友們開(kāi)玩笑是可以接受的。
②take in在此處作“欺騙”解。如:
Don’t let yourself be taken in by his tricks.
不要讓他的花招蒙騙了你。
She is ready to believe others so she is easy to take in.
她輕易就相信別人的話(huà)所以她容易上當(dāng)。