Merry Christmas!

【單元知識綱要】

1.詞匯

angel, stocking, pet, chimney, fireplace, generosity, relative, hug, owner, barn, shepherd, decorate, circle, base, hang, dry, greet, merry, kind - hearted

2.詞組

cut down, put up, at the top of, sound like, for fun, as well, base on, even though, live on, at last, once upon a time, according to, give birth to

3.內(nèi)容簡介

關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)的介紹：

1） In Western countries the most important holiday is Christmas.

2） Christmas is one of the festivals of the Christian religion.

4.語法

have/ has been to 表示曾經(jīng)“去過某地”或詢問“是否去過某地”，但是“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來”，have /has gone to 去了某地(現(xiàn)在沒有回來)

5.句型

She’s ever been to England once.

He isn’t here. He has gone to England.

核心知識

名詞：angel，eve，stocking，pet，chimney，Turkey，fireplace，generosity， relative, hug, owner, barn, shepherd；

動詞： decorate, circle, base, hang, dry, greet;

形容詞：merry, kind – hearted, single, real, shy, western, traditional, special;

詞組：cut down，put up，at the top of，sound like，for fun，as well，base on， even though， live on， can’t wait to， the Spring Festival， at last， once upon a time，according to, give birth to.

1.動詞不定式 The Infinitive( Ⅱ)

(1)不定式和疑問詞連用

疑問代詞 who，what，which和疑問副詞when，where，how，why + 動詞不定式，例如：

Mr. Li will teach us how to use a computer.

李老師將教我們?nèi)绾问褂秒娔X.

“疑問詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用于下列動詞之后： tell，teach，know，wonder， learn， show， find out， ask， understand等.

(2)動詞不定式作狀語

①動詞不定式在形容詞后(如 glad，sorry，pleased等)作原因狀語，例如：

I’m glad to meet you.見到你我很高興.

②動詞不定式在enough to，too…to結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語，例如：

He’s old enough to work.他年齡夠了，可以上班

He’s too old to work.他太老了，不能上班.

2. I’ve never been out of China before.我以前從未出(中)國.

out of在…范圍之外 look out of 向…外看.

例：Don’t look out of the window不要向窗外看.

3.To he here at Christmas time is a dream that has come true.在這過圣誕節(jié)由夢想已成為現(xiàn)實。

①To be here at Christmas time是動詞不定式用作主語.

②that has come true作定語，修飾dream.

4. I mean we have to put up the lights and Christmas balls.我的意思是我們必須把圣誕燈和球掛在樹上.

A. have to必須，客觀條件迫使某人不得不去做某事.

I have to go to school now.我現(xiàn)在必須去上學(xué)了.

B. put up搭起，舉起，掛起，例如：

They put up a tent before the sun went down.他們在太陽下山之前搭起帳篷.

If you can answer this question， put up your hands.

如果你們能回答這個問題，請舉手.

Wei Fang take down the picture， and put up a map of China.

魏芳取下畫，貼上一幅中國地圖.

5. That sounds like fun.那聽起來很有趣。

①sound(like) + 表語 聽起來

Your idea sounds like a good one.你的想法聽起來不錯.

②fun有趣的事 for fun開玩笑地，為了高興，例如：

I only did it for fun.我做這件事是好玩.

6. On Christmas Eve – the night before Christmas Day – children put a stocking at the end of their beds before they go to sleep.

在圣誕除夕--圣誕節(jié)前的那天晚上--孩子們在他們睡覺前都把一只長統(tǒng)襪放在他們的床尾.

①stocking長統(tǒng)襪 區(qū)別sock短襪

②at the end of在…末端(終點)例如：

we’11 hold a sports meeting at the end of this month.

我們將在這個月底舉行運動會.

7.Father Christmas is very kind－h(huán)earted.圣誕老人心腸很好

①Father Christmas圣誕老人(英國說法)是一個白胡子，穿紅色外衣，笑容滿面的老人.

②kind－ hearted好心的，類似結(jié)構(gòu)有： hard - hearted鐵石心腸的

8.He lands on top of each house all over the world and climbs down the chimney.他降落在世界上每一家的房頂，順著煙囪爬下來.

①all over在整個……，遍及……，相當(dāng)于 throughout.例如：

We have friends all over the world.我們的朋友遍天下.

②on top of在……上面 at the top of最高處，在頂端.例如：

I put my bag on the top of the bookshelf.我把我的書包放在書架頂上.

We also put an angel at the top of the tree.我們也把一個小天使放在樹的頂端.

9.He fills the stockings with Christmas presents.

Fill sth. with sth. 用……裝滿……，裝滿……如：

He filled the basket with some eggs. 他在籃子里裝滿雞蛋.

10. Father Christmas is based on a real person in history.

圣誕老人源于歷史上一個真實的人.

①base on 以……(為)根據(jù)

② real 真的，真實的，強調(diào)人或事物客觀存在.

true真的，真實的，強調(diào)與事實相符，即主觀上的“真”、“正確”如：

Do you think that is true? 你認(rèn)為那是真的嗎？

I’m learning to skate on the real ice.我正在真正的冰上滑冰.

11. It went into a stocking that a little girl hung by the fireplace to dry.

它(錢)掉進一個小女孩晾在壁爐旁的一只長統(tǒng)襪中.

That a little girl hung by the fireplace to dry作定語修飾stocking.

12. They make up the other family members, calling “Merry Christmas”

A. calling在句中的語法用法為動詞ing 形式作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài).

B. Merry Christmas.圣誕快樂，類似的用法還有Happy New Year.

13. They spend the day playing with the new toys and visiting their relative and friends.在圣誕節(jié)，他們玩新玩具，走親訪友.

①spend… (in) doing在…花費時間(錢) spend … on sth.例如：

She spend two hours on this book.

She spend two hours(in) reading this book.

她花兩小時看這本書.

②play with 玩�！� 例如：

Don’t play with fire.不要玩火.

14. They greet each other with a hug.他們擁抱著互相祝福.

①each other互相、彼此，是相互代詞，用來指兩者或兩者以上之間的彼此關(guān)系，一般作賓語，有時用其所有格作定語.例如：

We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助.

They put small presents in each other’s stocking.

他們把小禮物放在彼此的襪子里.

②with a hug with這里表示行動的方式，意思是“…地”，“以…”

典型例題

1.Some people even put up stocking for their pets as well.

一些人甚至為他們的寵物也準(zhǔn)備長統(tǒng)襪.

解析 as well也， 又，同樣，同義詞 too, also, 用于肯定句句尾，例如：

He is a teacher, but he is a doctor as well.

他是老師，而且又是醫(yī)生.

2. There once was a man named Saint Nicholas.

從前有個叫圣尼古拉斯的人.

解析 named 叫做 例如：

I know a man named ZhouJian

3. Even though Father Christmas is no longer living, his spirit of generosity lives on today. 即使圣誕老人不在了，但他慷慨的精神永存.

解析 ①even though, 即使, 縱然, 例如:

I’ll help you, even though I don’t sleep for a night.

即使我一夜不睡,也要幫助你.

② no longer (= not… any longer) 一般與持續(xù)性動詞連用,強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的不再延續(xù).

例如:He no longer lives here(= He doesn’t live here any longer)

他不再住這兒.

no more (= not …any more)多與終止性動詞連用,指該動作不再重復(fù)發(fā)生.例如:

He will come to see me no more (= He will not come to see me any more)

他再也不來看我了

no more也可作形容詞修飾名詞，表示“沒有更多”的意思.例如：

There is no more bread.沒有面包了

③live on繼續(xù)存在，繼續(xù)活著，例如：

Comrade LeiFeng is dead, but his spirit lives on.

雖然雷鋒去世了，但他的精神永存.

4.Children wake up very early, and can’t wait to open the presents in their stocking.孩子們醒得很早，迫不及待地打開襪子里的禮物.

解析 ① sb. + wake up. 某人醒來.例如：

I woke up, and found a bird singing in the tree.

我醒來，發(fā)現(xiàn)一只小鳥在樹上唱歌.

wake up + sb. 喚醒某人 例如：

He needs somebody to wake him up in the morning.

早上他需要人叫醒他.

②can’ t wait to迫不及待，例如：

The children can’t wait to watch TV.

孩子們迫不及待地看電視.

5.In western counties the most important holiday is Christmas, but in China it is the Spring Festival.

在西方國家最重要的節(jié)日是圣誕節(jié)，但在中國是春節(jié).

解析 ①holiday指風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，法律規(guī)定或為了紀(jì)念某件事情的節(jié)日，規(guī)定停止工作一天或更長時間的節(jié)假日.例如：

Sunday is a holiday星期天是假日.

②festival一般指具有悠久歷史傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日，其特點為同歡共樂，如我國的春節(jié)中秋節(jié)，歐美國家的圣誕節(jié)等.例如：

Christmas in one of the festivals of the Christian religion.

圣誕節(jié)是基督教的節(jié)日之一.

6. He’s gone to England with Jim’s family. 他和吉姆家里人到英國去了.

解析 have/ has been to曾經(jīng)去過(現(xiàn)已回來)包括說明“未去過某地”或詢問“是否去過某地”； have /has gone to 去了某地(現(xiàn)來回來)例如：

①She’s ever been to England once她曾經(jīng)到過英國一次.

②Have you ever been to Guilin？你曾經(jīng)到過桂林嗎？

③I’ve never been to Beijing. 我從沒到過北京.

④He isn’t here. He has gone to England.他不在這兒，他到英國去了.

7.閱讀分析

Do you like Christmas Day? In most countries it is the most important day in the year. All the people come back to their homes to have the day with their parents or their children.

On Christmas Day bells ring everywhere. The ringing bells tell people. Christmas is coming, people sing and dance day and night. They have a good time.

Most families buy a Christmas tree for their children. And there are presents hanging from the tree here and there. People also put presents in their children’s stockings. In many places father Christmas himself brings presents to them. He is a kind old man. He is in red clothes, a big bag on his back. In the bag there are a lot of presents.

Christmas is also a day when people enjoy all kinds of food. But some poor people have no homes to go back to and have no food to eat. They even die of (死于) cold and hunger(饑餓) on Christmas Day. Have you read the story “A Little Match(火柴) Girl”？ She died on the morning of Christmas Day.

根據(jù)短文判斷下列句子正(T)誤(F).

1.Christmas Day is a Children’s Day.

2.People usually plant Christmas trees in their gardens.

3.Children like Father Christmas because he brings them beautiful things.

4.Some poor people don’t have homes to go back to and don’t have food to eat on that day.

5.“A Little Match Girl” was born on the morning of Christmas Day.

(答案： F F T T F )

8.Lucy the Great Wall twice, and now she still to go there.

A. went to； wanted B. goes to， wants

C. has gone to；wants D. has been to；wants

解析 have been(to)表示去過某地，人已返回； have gone(to)表示已去某地，人未返回，答案為D.

9.Mr Smith here since the factory opened.

A. has gone B. has come

C. has been D. has arrived

解析 表面上容易誤認(rèn)為是考查 has been， has gone和 has come的區(qū)別，實際上是考查在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)里，與一段時間連用時，用延續(xù)動詞代替瞬間動詞，選C.

10.Mike is learning a computer.

A. how can to use B. how to use

C. how he use D. how does he

解析 這里動詞不定式和疑問詞how連用，在句中作賓語，答案是B.

11.Let’s play with football after school.

解析 “踢足球”中的踢用動詞play，此時的play是及物動詞, 后不需跟介詞.play with…意為“玩耍……”如“玩球”為play with a ball.

改正：Let’s play football after school.

12.Don’t wake up him.

解析 wake up后帶賓語意為“弄醒/ 喚醒……”后面的賓語若是代詞必須放在 wake與up之間. 若是名詞既可放在wake與up之間，也可放在up的后面.

改正：Don’t wake him up.

【關(guān)于“Unit 8 Merry Christmas!”的常見問題】

常見問題1: Merry Christmas!1

問題：

請選擇正確答案

( )1. Don’t make a noise here, ?

A. shall we B. do you C. will you D. don’t you

( )2.Jim says he is working hard his Chinese.

A. on B. for C. to D. with

( )3.Please cover the Christmas tree lights.

A. for B. with C. on D. over

( )4.Please give my best wishes everybody.

A. for B. to C. on D. with

( )5. Has he been there before？

A. never B. already C. ever D. just

解答:

l－5，CABBC

常見問題2: Merry Christmas!2

問題：

完成句子

1.He will stay with us until next Tuesday.

He until next Tuesday.

2.It took him two hours to do the operation.

He two hours the operation.

3.She hasn’t returned yet.

She England.

4. Please tell me where the hospital is.

me， the hospital.

5.When does the ship leave？ Do you know?

Do you know when .

解答:

1.won’t leave 2.spent，on(doing) 3. has gone to 4.Excuse， where’s 5. the ship leaves.

常見問題3: Merry Christmas 3

問題：

--_____________has he been there ? For about three months .

A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How far

解答:

分析此題前三個詞組都用來詢問時間，但意義不相同。How often指動作發(fā)生的頻率，即每多少時間進行一次，與一般現(xiàn)代時或一般過去時連用，回答一般是once a week，every two days等這樣的短語；How soon指還要多久將發(fā)生某個動作或達到某種狀態(tài)，與一般將來時連用，回答一般是介詞in加表示時間段的名詞，如in two hours，in an hour等；How long指某個動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久，與持續(xù)性動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時或完成時連用，回答一般是for two hours，for a year等表示時間段的名詞；how far指距離，問有多遠。

答案C

注意！詞組之間有差別。

常見問題4: Merry Christmas 4

問題：

It’s important for us to learn new things everyday

A B C D

解答:

分析此句It為形式主語，不定式作真正主語，后置。錯誤之處在于everyday與every day相混。everyday為形容詞，作定語，修飾名詞；而every day為名詞短語，作時間狀語，修飾謂語。

答案D

常見問題5: Merry Christmas 5

問題：

Christmas Day is the birthday of Jesus Christ.

此句的意思是：Christmas Day is birthday .

解答:

分析 此句重在考查名詞所有格，即the birthday of sb=sb’s birthday。名詞所有格是考試中的考點之一，應(yīng)熟練掌握。

答案Jesus Christ’ s