基本句型五:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)
該句型中的動(dòng)詞只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分,如名詞、形容詞、副詞(少見)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ),才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在意義上有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在“意義上”是一種主謂關(guān)系。
根據(jù)賓補(bǔ)的不同可分為以下幾種情況:
1.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+名詞。如:
President appointed John manager of Marketing.總裁任命約翰為營(yíng)銷部經(jīng)理。
歸納 常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate(提名),crown,think,consider, leave等。
2.主語(yǔ)十及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞。如:.
The news made me happy.那消息使我很高興。
歸納 常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:make, paint, dye, get(ready),cut(short),set(free),keep, drive(mad),find, want, hold(responsible),wish, like, imagine; turn, beat(black and blue),boil(hard),suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。
3.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)十介詞短語(yǔ)。如:
I found myself in dark.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己還蒙在鼓里。
4.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)十不定式。如:
(1) He encouraged her to work harder.他鼓勵(lì)他努力工作。
歸納 要求用to do作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。
(2) The boss made him work ten hours a day.老板要他一天工作10小時(shí)。
歸納 要求用do作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have等;感官動(dòng)詞observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see., watch等。
【注意】若變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)了,此時(shí)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to 如:
He was made to work overtime.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))老板叫他加班。
5.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+分詞。如:
Don't leave the water running, after you have washed your hands.
洗手之后不要聽任水白流。
I heard my name called.我聽到有人04我的名字。
【注意】現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;過(guò)去分詞為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。
6.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)十真正賓語(yǔ)。
(1)Sb+謂語(yǔ)+it --adj. /n. +to do sth。如:
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.我覺(jué)得與你家人相處令人愉快。
(2) Sb十謂語(yǔ)+it十a(chǎn)dj. /n.十that從句。如:
He believed it unlikely that she would agree.他相信她不可能同意。
(3)Sb+謂語(yǔ)+it+adj. /n.十doing sth。如:
She thinks it no point practicing so much她認(rèn)為練習(xí)這么多沒(méi)有意義。
【說(shuō)明】(1)該句型中的真正賓語(yǔ)通常是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句。
(2)能用于該句型的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有consider, believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。
(3)用doing作真正賓語(yǔ)時(shí),其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)通常是useless, senseless, no use, no good, no sense, no point等,表示“無(wú)益或沒(méi)有意義”。
即時(shí)練習(xí)
請(qǐng)用“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)十賓補(bǔ)”句型翻譯下列句子。
1.那噪音快要使我發(fā)瘋了。
2.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。
3.他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。
4.我要你把真相告訴我。
5.明天我要找人來(lái)修理機(jī)器。
6.每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。
7.他們感到汽車行駛得很快。
8.我們必須保持身體健康。(in good condition)
9.我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。
10.他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。
11.我從來(lái)沒(méi)看見這個(gè)字這樣用過(guò)。
12.他感到很難跟你交談。
13.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。-
14.學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則,開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。(make)
15.我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無(wú)益的。
1. The noise is driving me crazy.
2. We must make our school more beautiful.
3.. He asked us to join in the game.
4. I want you to tell me the truth.
5. I will have the machine repaired tomorrow.
6. We hear him reading English aloud every morning.
7. They felt the car moving fast.
8. We must keep our health in good condition.
9. We won't have her go out at night.
10. He has his hair cut once a month.
11. I've never seen the word used in this way.
12. He feels it hard to talk with you.
13. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
14. The schools made it a rule that students should stand up at the beginning of the class.
15. 1 believe it no use talking with that man.