詞匯導(dǎo)練

1．The professor came into the lecture hall，__________ (陪伴)by some assistants.

2．His newly bought mobile phone is equipped with two __________ (電池)，which may save a lot of time.

3．Gas is one of the modern __________ (便利)the newly built apartment building provides.

4. His busy work didn’t prevent him from going to see his colleagues before the Spring Festival (親自)．

5．As middle school students，you should make your plans for studies with __________ (謹(jǐn)慎)，otherwise a lot of time would be wasted.

6．I didn’t know the fact that the recorder player used to be w__________ by hand until I learned the history of TV and audio devices.

7．To the d__________ of his parents，he has made a full recovery.

8．The new technology was a__________ to farming.

9．When will the football game be b__________ live on TV?

10．This computer is s__________ to the one you bought last year，and they are almost the same.

11．She d__________ an immediate explantion.

12．My mother doesn’t like me wearing short skirts to church－she doesn’t think they’re (suit).

1．a(chǎn)ccompanied　2.batteries　3.conveniences　4.personally　5.caution　6.wound　7.delight　8.applied　9.broadcast

10．similar　11.demanded　12.suitable

短語(yǔ)匯集

1．在過(guò)去幾十年里

2． 上市，面市

3． 有史以來(lái)第一次

4． 給人民生活帶來(lái)極大的方便

5． 誤拿了你的傘

6． 未必，不一定

7． 目前；暫時(shí)

8． 熟悉某事

9． 被暴露在……之下

10. 向那家公司申請(qǐng)一份工作

11. 及時(shí)趕上……

12. 負(fù)責(zé)某事

13. 基于……之上

1.in the last few decades　2.come onto the market　3.for the first time ever　4.bring great convenience to people’s life　5.take your umbrella by mistake　6.not necessarily,7.for the time being　8.sb.be familiar with sth./sth.be familiar to sb.　9.be exposed to...　10.apply to the company for a job　11.in time for.../in time to do sth. 12.be responsible for sth./take the responsibility for sth.,13.be based on...

語(yǔ)句試譯

1．(回歸課本P2)It __________ more than two decades，though，until 1951，__________ colour broadcasts __________ begin in the USA.但是，直到1951年，花了20多年時(shí)間，彩色電視節(jié)目才得以在美國(guó)開播。

2．(回歸課本P3)Development of MP3 technology started in 1987 in Germany and since the beginning of 1999，the popularity of MP3 has increased to __________ a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players.

德國(guó)于1987年開始研發(fā)MP3技術(shù)。自1999年初以來(lái)，MP3越來(lái)越受歡迎，因此許多大公司憑借MP3播放器占領(lǐng)了便攜式音樂(lè)播放器市場(chǎng)。

3．(回歸課本P14)It was found that people who used mobile phones were likely to have a brain tumour on the side of the head where they held their phones __________ people who did not use them.

人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用手機(jī)的人頭部一側(cè)接觸話機(jī)患腦瘤的可能性是不使用手機(jī)者的兩倍半。

4．(回歸課本P14)It was found that after eighteen months，the first half had __________ the second half.

人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，18個(gè)月后，受輻射的老鼠患癌癥的比例是未受輻射的老鼠的兩倍多。

5．(回歸課本P8)．..but it took 50 years __________ 66 percent of USA families had it in their homes.

……但花了50年時(shí)間66%的美國(guó)家庭才得以擁有它。

1.took；for；to　2.such　3.two and a half times more；than 4.more than twice the cancer rate of　5.before

核心知識(shí)

1. apply　vt.& vi.　應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用；申請(qǐng)

(回歸課本P3)They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.

他們買下專利，將該技術(shù)用于生產(chǎn)晶體管收音機(jī)。

歸納拓展

例句探源

①The tour companies applied to be allowed to hunt some for a fee，which made a lot of money for the farmers.

旅游公司申請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)有償捕獵，這樣農(nóng)民就賺到了很多錢。

②Now think of some more questions to ask people applying for these jobs.

現(xiàn)在多想一些問(wèn)題來(lái)問(wèn)應(yīng)聘人員。

③(朗文P83)New technology is being applied to almost every industry process.

新技術(shù)正被應(yīng)用到所有工業(yè)流程中。

④(牛津P82)We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我們絞盡腦汁尋求解決問(wèn)題的辦法。

1．完成句子

(1)這項(xiàng)研究成果將應(yīng)用于肺癌的治療。

The result of this research will ____________________ the treatment of lung cancer.

答案：be applied to

(2)我將去那家公司申請(qǐng)那份工作。

I will ____________________ the company ____________________ the job.

答案：apply to；for

(3)這些規(guī)定不適用于孩子。

These rules don’t ____________________ children.

答案：apply to

2.(2010年福建晉江四校聯(lián)考)After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to American citizenship.

A．concentrate on　　 B．a(chǎn)pply for

C．look out for D．a(chǎn)ppeal to

解析：選B。句意：他在美國(guó)15年以后，終于決定申請(qǐng)美國(guó)國(guó)籍了。apply for表示“申請(qǐng)”；concentrate on“集中精力于”；look out for“小心”；appeal to“呼吁，吸引”。

3.(2011年蕪湖調(diào)研)He has decided to _________________ the bank ________________ loan.

A．a(chǎn)pply；to B．a(chǎn)pply to；for

C．a(chǎn)pply for；to D．a(chǎn)pply；for

解析：選B。句意：他已決定向銀行申請(qǐng)貸款。apply to sb.for sth.“向某人申請(qǐng)”……。

2demand　vt & vi.　要求，需要

　　　　n．　要求，需要，所要求的事物

(回歸課本P3)．..，and in 1988，for the first time ever，people were demanding more CDs than LPs.

...，及至1988年，人們對(duì)CD唱片的需求第一次超過(guò)了LP唱片。

歸納拓展

例句探源

①But the eldest daughter demanded that he reduce the number of his soldiers to fifty.

但是他的大女兒要求他將他的衛(wèi)隊(duì)人數(shù)減少到50。

②(牛津P530)I demand to see the manager.

我堅(jiān)決要求見經(jīng)理。

③(朗文P535)Some parents demand too much of their children.

有些父母對(duì)孩子的要求太高了。

④As many as 300,000 new houses were needed to meet demands this year.

需要30萬(wàn)幢新房子來(lái)滿足今年的需求。

4．完成句子

(1)教師的工作需要極大的細(xì)心和耐心。

The work of a teacher .

答案：demands great care and patience

(2)老師要求我們下課后交上家庭作業(yè)。

The teacher demanded that we ____________________ our homework after class.

答案：(should) hand in

(3) 我們非常需要書本。

We are ____________________ the books.

答案：in great demand of

(4)對(duì)這種書的需求增加了。

答案：There is an increased demand for the book.

(5)他要求被告知有關(guān)這件事的情況。(用2種方式翻譯)

①

②

答案：①He demanded to be told about the matter.

②He demanded he (should) be told about the matter.

3degree　n．　等級(jí)；程度；學(xué)位

(回歸課本P3)．..，the popularity of MP3 has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players.

……，MP3受歡迎的程度高漲，各大公司便開始用MP3播放器來(lái)占領(lǐng)便攜式音樂(lè)播放器市場(chǎng)。

歸納拓展

to a certain degree在某種程度上

take/do a degree攻讀學(xué)位

例句探源

①Water boils at 100 ℃(100 degrees centigrade)．

水在攝氏一百度時(shí)沸騰。

②(朗文P531)To what degree is unemployment society’s fault?

失業(yè)情況達(dá)到什么程度就算是社會(huì)的過(guò)錯(cuò)？

③(牛津P526)She has a degree in Biochemistry from London University.她有倫敦大學(xué)生物化學(xué)的學(xué)位。

5．完成句子

(1)她對(duì)電影的興趣到了什么程度了？

____________________ is she interested in films?

答案：To what degree

(2)他通過(guò)了考試，現(xiàn)在他有了碩士學(xué)位。

He passed the examinations and now he ____________________ of Master.

答案：has the degree

(3)我在某種程度上同意你的觀點(diǎn)。

I agree with you ____________________.

答案：to a certain degree

4assume　vt.　假設(shè)，設(shè)想，認(rèn)為

(回歸課本P5)Germany was the birthplace of MP3，not Japan or the USA as I had assumed they would be.

德國(guó)是MP3的誕生地，不是我以前所認(rèn)為的日本或美國(guó)。

歸納拓展

例句探源

①So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.

因此，我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒就住在這些洞穴里。

②(朗文P103)It is assumed that they will eventually join the EU.

人們認(rèn)為他們最終會(huì)加入歐盟。

③(牛津P104)I had assumed him to be a Belgian.

我本以為他是比利時(shí)人。

④Assuming (that) he’s still alive，how old would he be now?

假定他還活著，現(xiàn)在有多大年紀(jì)了？

6．完成句子

(1)我認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

I ____________________ him ____________________ an honest man.

答案：assumed；to be

(2)我猜想你已聽過(guò)了這個(gè)消息。

I ____________________ you have heard the news.

答案：assume that

(3)假設(shè)他的話是真的，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？

(that) his word is true，what should we do?

答案：Assuming

5. measure　v．　測(cè)量；(比喻)估計(jì)，估量，

衡量，判定；

　　　　　　 為(某體積、長(zhǎng)度、容積等)；仔 細(xì)考慮

　　　　 n．　測(cè)量，尺寸

(回歸課本P11)It only weighs 96 grams and measures 104×72×15 mm.

它僅重96公斤，長(zhǎng)104 mm，寬72 mm，高15 mm。

歸納拓展

例句探源

①The doctor weighed the baby and measured its height.

大夫給嬰兒量了身長(zhǎng)，稱了體重。

②(牛津P1251)It’s difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.

在現(xiàn)階段還難以估量這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的成敗。

③(朗文P1279)Measures are being taken to reduce crime in the city.

正在采取措施減少城市中的犯罪。

④You’ll need to get a suit made to measure.

你得定做一套西裝。

7．完成句子

(1)母親給我量好尺寸，好知道我穿多大號(hào)的衣服。

Mother ____________________ to see what size of dress I wear.

答案：measured me

(2)裁縫依照我的尺寸為我做了一件上衣。

The tailor made a coat for me .

答案：to my measure

(3)應(yīng)該采取有效措施提高工作效率。

____________________ should be taken to improve our work.

答案：Effective measures

6expose　vt.　暴露；揭露；使曝光；接觸

(回歸課本P14)This study was conducted with 200 mice，half of which were exposed to radiation while the other half did not receive any radiation.

該研究對(duì)200只老鼠進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)，其中一半接受輻射，另外一半不接受任何輻射。

歸納拓展

例句探源

①But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

但一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。

②(牛津P704)He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone.他不想向任何人顯露他的恐懼與不安。

③(朗文P709)Flowers will develop only if the plants are exposed to sunlight daily.

這些植物只有每天曬太陽(yáng)才能開花。

8．完成句子

(1)父母不應(yīng)該讓孩子接觸暴力節(jié)目。

Parents should not ____________________ the children ____________ violent programs.

答案：expose；to

(2)傷口暴露在外愈合得更快。

Wounds that ____________________ to the air heal more quickly.

答案：are exposed

(3)這個(gè)膠卷已經(jīng)曝光了。

The film ____________________.

答案：has been exposed

9. (2011年浙江省寧波市第一次聯(lián)考) ____________________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A．Exposed　　　　B．Having exposed

C．Being exposed D．After being exposed

解析：選C�？疾閐oing做主語(yǔ)，句意：“在陽(yáng)光下暴曬這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)人的皮膚有害�！敝髡Z(yǔ)是 to sunlight，所以選C。

7acknowledge　vt.　承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；告知已收到；為……表示感謝

(回歸課本P15)For years，the cigarette companies would not acknowledge that cancer is associated with smoking，but now we all know that it is.

多年來(lái)，煙草公司不愿意承認(rèn)肺癌與抽煙有關(guān)，但現(xiàn)在我們都知道的確如此。

歸納拓展

acknowledge doing sth./having done sth.承認(rèn)做了某事

acknowledge sb.(sth.)as/to be承認(rèn)/認(rèn)為……是……

sb.acknowledge(s)that...某人承認(rèn)……

It is/was acknowledged that...……是大家承認(rèn)的

acknowledge one’s help感謝某人的幫助

例句探源

①It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever.

當(dāng)代電影界公認(rèn)它是有史以來(lái)最成功的電影系列。

②My son walked right past me without even acknowledging me.

兒子從我身旁走過(guò)竟連招呼都沒(méi)跟我打。

③We must acknowledge his letter.

我們必須告訴他來(lái)信已收到。

④(朗文P17)The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the Defense Department.

作者希望對(duì)國(guó)防部的協(xié)助表示感謝。

⑤(牛津P17)The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.

這個(gè)國(guó)家承認(rèn)了他繼承王位的權(quán)利。

答案：having made；had made

(2)人們普遍認(rèn)為紫色是高貴的顏色。

It ____________________ universally ____________________ that purple is a noble colour.

答案：is；acknowledged

11.The young couple wrote to Mr.Grand to ____________________ his warm reception during their visit to his farm.

A．a(chǎn)cknowledge　　 B．update

C．consult D．a(chǎn)cquire

解析：選A。語(yǔ)意為：這對(duì)年輕的夫婦寫信感謝Grand先生熱情的招待。acknowledge“感謝”；update“更新”；consult“咨詢”；acquire“獲得”。

8be superior to　較高的，上級(jí)的；(數(shù)量等方面)較大的，較多的；(品質(zhì)等方面)比……杰出的，上等的；不向……屈服的，超越……的

(回歸課本P2)Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV...

有些人認(rèn)為數(shù)字電視要比衛(wèi)星電視好……

歸納拓展

be superior/inferior to...in sth.在某方面優(yōu)于/劣于……

superior表示“比較”，后用to，不用than，superior無(wú)比較級(jí)

rise superior to不受……的影響，不為……所動(dòng)

have no superior in在……方面沒(méi)有優(yōu)于……的人

superiority n.優(yōu)秀，優(yōu)越

溫馨提示

在be superior to中，to不能換成than.superior本身就帶有比較含義。

例句探源

①This western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.

這家西餐館比我們上星期去的那一家好。

②(牛津P2027)This model is technically superior to its competitors.

這一款式在技術(shù)上超過(guò)了與之競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)品。

③(朗文P2069)She always acts so superior to everyone else.

她總是表現(xiàn)得比別人優(yōu)越。

12．翻譯句子

(1)在這方面沒(méi)人能勝得過(guò)他。

答案：He has no superior in this respect.

13．(2010年湖南領(lǐng)航卷)-Do you know the 3G mobile phone will come into the market soon?

-Really？It is said to be superior _______ any other mobile.I can’t wait to buy _________.

A．to；one　　　 B．than；one

C．to；it D．than；it

解析：選A。句意：“--你知道嗎？3G手機(jī)很快就進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)了。--真的嗎？據(jù)說(shuō)它比其它手機(jī)性能要好得多，我迫不及待地要買一個(gè)。”be superior to...比……杰出的，優(yōu)越的；one指代mobile。

9a variety of　多種多樣的

(回歸課本P5)．..，people would be able to choose what to watch from a variety of 200 different channels because of cable TV.由于有線電視，人們能從200個(gè)多種多樣的頻道中來(lái)選擇看什么。

歸納拓展

vary vt.改變，使多樣化；vi.變化，不同

various adj.不同的，各種的；多方面的；許多的；雜色的

近義詞diverse adj.強(qiáng)調(diào)多樣的

varied各種各樣的，種類不同的

vary greatly/enormously大不相同

vary in price/quality價(jià)格/質(zhì)量不同

例句探源

①These new parks have a variety of things to see and do.

這些新的公園里有各種各樣可看可玩的東西。

②(朗文P2273)For a variety of reasons，our team will not be participating.由于種種原因，我們隊(duì)將不參加比賽。

③(牛津P2232)There’s a wide variety of patterns to choose from.

有種類繁多的圖案可供選擇。

14．完成句子

(1)Human IQs ____________ from under 50 to over 200.

答案：vary

(2)We have quite a ____________ of pictorial story books.

答案：variety

(3)They are the people from ____________ cultures.

答案：varied

15．翻譯句子

每個(gè)老師的教學(xué)方法都大不相同。

答案：Teaching methods vary greatly from teacher to teacher.

10. be familiar with　對(duì)……熟悉；通曉

(回歸課本P9)I don’t think you will have any difficulty using it even if you are not familiar with digital cameras.

我想即便你不熟悉數(shù)碼相機(jī)，你使用它也不會(huì)有任何困難。

歸納拓展

be familiar to...為……所熟悉

look/sound familiar (to sb.)看起來(lái)/聽起來(lái)熟悉

unfamiliar不熟悉的

例句探源

①Its topics can be different from a diary，often including people，things，and events less familiar to the readers.

它的話題可能與日記的不同，常包含讀者所不熟知的人物、事物和事件。

②(牛津P724)Are you familiar with the computer software they use？你熟悉他們使用的計(jì)算機(jī)軟件嗎？

③(朗文P732)Your face looks familiar to me.

我覺(jué)得你看起來(lái)面熟。

16．一句多譯

我不熟悉他的名字。

答案：I’m not familiar with his name.

His name is not familiar to me.

17. She looks very ____________ but I can’t remember her name.

A．familiar　　　　 B．similar

C．known D．a(chǎn)like

解析：選A。句意：她看起來(lái)很面熟，但我記不起她的名字了。familiar熟悉的，常見的；similar相似的；known已知的，眾所周知的；alike相像的。

11be based on　以……為基礎(chǔ)

(回歸課本P14)The report is based on the findings of research that was carried out in Sweden，comparing 1,617 patients found to have brain tumours (cancer) between 1997 and 2003 with the same number of healthy people.

這個(gè)報(bào)告是以一個(gè)研究結(jié)果為根據(jù)的，這個(gè)研究是在1997年至2003年間在瑞典進(jìn)行的，對(duì)1617名腦癌患者和同等數(shù)量的健康人進(jìn)行了比對(duì)。

歸納拓展

例句探源

①The book is based on a true story.

這本書是以一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事為原型的。

②(朗文P140)Discrimination based on race or sex is forbidden by law.

種族和性別上的歧視是法律所禁止的。

③(牛津P146)They decided to base the new company in York.

他們決定將新成立的公司總部設(shè)在約克鎮(zhèn)。

18．完成句子

(1)這支歌源于一首古老的民歌。

This song ________________________ an old folk song.

答案：is based on

(2)意見應(yīng)以事實(shí)為根據(jù)。

One should always ____________ one’s opinions ____________ facts.

答案：base；on

(3)What are you ____________ this theory (以……為根據(jù))?

答案：basing；on

(4)The company’s headquarter ____________ (把……設(shè)在……)Paris.

答案：was based in

19.The film ____________ on a book written by Jack London is well worth ____________.

A．basing；seeing

B．based；being seen

C．to be based；to see

D．based；seeing

解析：選D。句意：以杰克倫敦所寫的一本書為根據(jù)的那部電影很值得看。based on 以……為根據(jù)作定語(yǔ)修飾the film；be worth doing...值得做……。

句型解析

1【教材原句】　It was found that after eighteen months，the first half had more than twice the cancer rate of the second half.(P14)

人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，18個(gè)月后，受輻射的老鼠患癌癥的比例是未受輻射的老鼠的兩倍多。

【句法分析】　該句使用了倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一即“倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，width)of＋其他”。

倍數(shù)表達(dá)的句型：

(1)A＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞的原級(jí)＋as＋B

(2)A＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋B

(3)A＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，width，price，height...)＋of＋B

20.(2009年高考遼寧卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost _________ his.

A．a(chǎn)s much twice as　B．twice as much as

C．much as twice as D．a(chǎn)s twice much as

解析：選B�？疾楸稊�(shù)表達(dá)法。B項(xiàng)為固定的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法，即“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋比較對(duì)象”結(jié)構(gòu)。

21.(2009年高考四川卷)My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice ____________ expensive.

A．a(chǎn)s B．so C．too D．very

解析：選A�？疾楸稊�(shù)句型及其省略。這里是倍數(shù)句型：倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as。這里省略了as ours。

22．Ten years ago the population of our village was ____________ that of theirs.

A．a(chǎn)s twice large as B．twice as large as

C．twice as much as D．a(chǎn)s twice much as

解析：選B。考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。倍數(shù)句型主要有以下三種：

(1)A is...times as＋adj.＋as B；

(2)A is...times the size/length/width/height/depth，etc.＋of B；

(3)A is...times＋adj.比較級(jí)＋than B；

由題干可知本題是第一種句型，又由于population應(yīng)用large修飾，而不能用much修飾。

23.I collected ____________ he did for the Hope Project the day before yesterday.

A．three times as many money as

B．three times much money than

C．three times more money than

D．three times much more money

解析：選C。考查倍數(shù)的用法。語(yǔ)意：前天我給希望工程募集的錢比他的多三倍。這里用倍數(shù)＋more＋名詞＋than句型，這里more是much的比較級(jí)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞money。

24．A study of more than 18,000 Chinese men suggests that green tea drinkers are ____________ to develop stomach cancer as those who drink little or no tea.

A．half as likely B．likely half as

C．likely as half D．a(chǎn)s half likely

解析：選A。考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。表示事物對(duì)比時(shí)，可用“倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as＋比較對(duì)象”。只有A項(xiàng)正確。

2【教材原句】　...but it took 50 years before 66 percent of USA families had it in their homes.(P8)

……但花了50年時(shí)間66%的美國(guó)家庭才得以擁有它。

【句法分析】　before在此譯為“……才……”。

before的譯法靈活，具體如下：

(1)趁……還沒(méi)，以免

①Write down the telephone number before you forget it.

趁你還沒(méi)忘記，把電話號(hào)碼記下來(lái)。

(2)……才

②He had walked for a whole day before he found water.

他走了一整天才找到水。

(3)……就

③I had not waited long before he came back.

我沒(méi)等多久他就回來(lái)了。

(4)在……前

④He had learned some Chinese before he came to China.

他來(lái)華之前，學(xué)過(guò)一些漢語(yǔ)。

(5)用在It is/was/will be＋一段時(shí)間＋before，“才……”或“就……”。

⑤It was not long before he left for the United States.

不久他就去美國(guó)了。

⑥It will be four years before we meet again.

四年后我們才能見面。

25．(2010年石家莊高中畢業(yè)班教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)A taxi driver saw a man luckily escape from the building just ____________ it went up in flames.

A．unless　　　　 B．until

C．before D．a(chǎn)fter

解析：選C�？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句連接詞的用法。before在這里引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“在……之前”。句意：一位出租車司機(jī)看到一個(gè)男子在大樓起火之前幸運(yùn)地逃了出來(lái)。

26.(2010年安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.

A．a(chǎn)fter B．before

C．when D．then

解析：選B�？疾闀r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了四年最后以北方勝利才結(jié)束。由句意知B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

27．-How long do you suppose it is ____________ he arrives here?

-Nearly five weeks.

A．when　　　　 B．since

C．a(chǎn)fter D．before

解析：選B。問(wèn)句句意：你猜他來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)多久了？It is＋一段時(shí)間＋since...表示“……以來(lái)多久了”，主句時(shí)態(tài)可以是完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在時(shí)。It is...when...表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)間，……”；after...表示“……以后”；before...表示“在……之前”，都與題意不符。

28．-It’s a long time ____________ I saw you last.

-Yes，and what a pity！It will be a long time we see each other again.

A．since；before B．when；when

C．since；when D．before；since

解析：選A。It’s/It has been＋一段時(shí)間＋since...；It is/was＋具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)＋when...；It will be/was＋一段時(shí)間＋before...；It is/was＋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)＋that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。由這幾種固定句型的構(gòu)成不難看出只有A項(xiàng)正確。

29.(2009年上海交大附中檢測(cè))The police helicopter managed to land on the roof and rescued all the people ____________ the fire burnt up to the top of the building.

A．a(chǎn)fter B．before

C．until D．while

解析：選B。警察的直升機(jī)成功地在樓頂著陸，在大火還沒(méi)燒到頂樓前將所有遇險(xiǎn)人員全部救出。根據(jù)句意可知B為正確答案。

作文指導(dǎo)

提綱式作文

【體裁導(dǎo)航】

提綱式寫作也是情景作文的一種，是通過(guò)給出段落提綱或者給出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)等提示的一種“引領(lǐng)”性的寫作。

無(wú)論是英語(yǔ)的段落主旨句、提綱提示，還是漢語(yǔ)的詞組或短語(yǔ)等引導(dǎo)寫作思路，進(jìn)行習(xí)作時(shí)，畢竟減少了審題環(huán)節(jié)，也不用謀篇布局、重組語(yǔ)序,所以，在寫作練習(xí)的初級(jí)階段，這種習(xí)作形式尤其受到師生的歡迎。

做這類寫作題要特別注意以下三點(diǎn)：

1．要按照所提供的“綱”的思路而寫；

2．要考慮提供的各“點(diǎn)”之間該用什么樣的連接詞、連接句，以及上下句之間的關(guān)系；

3．看有無(wú)題目要求，有無(wú)詞數(shù)限制，有無(wú)邏輯悖理現(xiàn)象(觀點(diǎn)不要悖理或前后矛盾)。

總之，能做到循“綱”蹈“句”、“綱舉目張”，此類寫作便能順利完成。

【寫作示例】

學(xué)校即將舉行以“Turning a bad mood(心情)into a good one”為題目的英語(yǔ)作文比賽，請(qǐng)按下列要求寫一篇120～150詞的記敘文或議論文。

【寫作要領(lǐng)】

一、審題

1．體裁：題目中已明確給出可以寫記敘文也可以寫議論文。

2．時(shí)態(tài)和人稱：如果寫記敘文，應(yīng)是結(jié)合過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件來(lái)說(shuō)明怎樣有一個(gè)好的心情，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和第一人稱。如果寫議論文，則應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和第三人稱。

二、謀篇

1．記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：

Para.1：描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的一件令人心情不好的事情以及由此產(chǎn)生的不良情緒。

Para.2：講述如何從壞心情轉(zhuǎn)至好心情的。

2．議論文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為：

Para.1：提出問(wèn)題：好心情的重要性。

Para.2：分析問(wèn)題：產(chǎn)生壞心情的原因。

Para.3：解決問(wèn)題：調(diào)整心情的方法。

三、注意事項(xiàng)

提綱作文雖然給出了寫作的要點(diǎn)，但要點(diǎn)非常簡(jiǎn)略，因而還需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行豐富和拓展。

【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】

Turning a bad mood into a good one

①At the end of the last semester，I got a C in the English examination.②When I knew the result，I couldn’t hold back my tears.③My mood was terrible and I thought the world was coming to an end.④I feared to see my English teacher and I thought my classmates would laught at me.⑤My parents weren’t satisfied with me and maybe they would scold me.⑥So I even wanted to leave my school and family.

⑦But after a while，I found I was wrong for I came to realize “Failure is the mother of success”．⑧What I should do was to find the reason why I got so bad a result.⑨And I thought this was a lesson to me and it helped me to find my shortcomings.⑩Maybe it could help me to improve my English.So my bad mood turned into a good one.

1．文章標(biāo)題，不要遺漏

本段為造成心情不佳的事件以及造成的影響，具體如下：

(1)①言簡(jiǎn)意賅地點(diǎn)明導(dǎo)致心情不佳的事件。

(2)②③為具體心情不佳的表現(xiàn)。

(3)④⑤為導(dǎo)致心情不佳的心理原因。

(4)⑥為心情不佳造成的影響--想離家(學(xué)校)出走。

(5)綜上所述，整個(gè)事件的敘述娓娓道來(lái)，語(yǔ)意連貫，步步深入。

2．本段為“我的心情是如何由壞變好的”。具體過(guò)程如下：

意識(shí)到“失敗是成功之母”--自我反省--吸取教訓(xùn)--提升英語(yǔ)--心情變好。

3．本文作者心情由壞變好的原因就是“自我反思，不放棄，繼續(xù)努力”。當(dāng)然也可以借助外力，如老師、父母的教導(dǎo)，書中的某一句話等都可以成為心情變好的原因。

【類題嘗試】

(2011年山東濰坊質(zhì)檢)假如你是李華，你們學(xué)校最近開展了創(chuàng)建“平安校園”的活動(dòng)。你們班為此組織主題班會(huì)，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇發(fā)言稿，談一談你對(duì)如何創(chuàng)建“平安校園”的一些想法。短文應(yīng)該包括下面的內(nèi)容：

1．安全意識(shí)的重要性；

2．在運(yùn)動(dòng)中要注意安全；

3．在校內(nèi)要注意人身安全；

4．同學(xué)間發(fā)生矛盾時(shí)，一定要保持冷靜、理智；

5．逐步將“平安校園”活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為全體師生的實(shí)際行動(dòng)。

注意：

1．不要逐句翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫；

2．詞數(shù)：120左右；

3．文章開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：校園安全safety at school

My dear classmates，

There is no denying that safety plays an important part in our daily life. Recently our school has carried out a program aimed at making our campus a safe place to stay on.

One possible version：

My dear classmates，

There is no denying that safety plays an important part in our daily life. Recently our school has carried out a program aimed at making our campus a safe place to stay on.

I consider this as indeed a good practice，which will make us aware that safety should always come first in our daily life，whether when we stay at school or outside it. When we are doing sports，we should attach importance to the safety and avoid being hurt. Furthermore，when we get into trouble with our classmates，we should remain calm and avoid any form of fighting，which may only bring suffering and pain to us mentally and physically.

As far as I’m concerned，I feel all the students and teachers should work hard and creatively to keep the “safety at school” activity in mind. Besides，we are supposed to observe the law discipline where we are at any moment.

Thanks.