核心詞匯
1．Not having seen him for a long time，I can hardly ____________ (認(rèn)出)him.
2．They went____________(直接)home without stopping at the gas station，for it was too late.
3．The result of the long police investigation is that the ____________(身份)of the killer is still a complete mystery.
4．I know from the young man’s ____________(口音)that he is from the South.
5．You’d better find a ______________(本地人)to tell you how to get there.
6．Follow the ____________(說(shuō)明)that your doctor gives you.
7．Reading is one of the best ways of enlarging your ____________(詞匯量)．
8．____________ on a real story happening in Shenzhen，the film attracted a lot of audience.(base)
9．He is a strong ____________ and he ____________ the whole nation with an iron hand.(government)
10．Recovery from the disease is very ____________.As the weather ____________ becomes warmer and warmer，he will pick up.(gradual)
1．recognize 2.straight 3.identity 4.accent 5.native 6．directions 7.vocabulary 8.Based 9.governor；governs 10.gradual；gradually
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 因?yàn)�；由�?/p>
2．________________ 走近；上來(lái)；提出
3．________________ 現(xiàn)在；目前
4．________________ 利用；使用
5．________________ 例如……；像這種的
6．________________ 扮演一個(gè)角色；參與
7．________________ 即使
8．________________ 以……為基礎(chǔ)
1．because of 2.come up 3.at present 4.make use of
5．such as 6.play a part(in) 7.even if 8.be based on
重點(diǎn)句式
1．Today，____________ people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language ____________ ever before.
如今說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多了，他們有的是作為第一語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)，有的是作為第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)。
2．Native English speakers can understand each other __________ they don’t speak the same kind of English.
以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。
3．Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and ________________ each other.
事實(shí)上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所變化、有所發(fā)展的。
4．____________ more ____________ German than the English we speak at present.
當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)不是。
5．________________，there is ________________ as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。
1．more；than 2.even if 3.communicate with 4.It was based；on 5.Believe it or not；no such thing
知識(shí)詳解
1command n． [C]命令，指令；[U]掌握
vt. 命令；指揮，支配；博得，贏得
(回歸課本P12)Can you find the following command and request from Reading？
你能從閱讀中找出下面的命令和要求嗎？
[歸納拓展]
(1) at sb.’s command聽(tīng)某人的支配
in command of指揮；控制
under one’s command由……指揮
take command of控制；擔(dān)任……的指揮
have a good command of很好地掌握，精通
(2) command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that...(should)do...命令……做……
[例句探源]
①(牛津P390)The police arrived and took command of the situation.
警察到達(dá)后就控制了局勢(shì)。
②Applicants will be expected to have a good command of computer skills.
申請(qǐng)人必須有很好的電腦技能。
③The general commanded that we attack at once.
將軍下令我們立刻發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。
[即境活用]
1．In order to have a good________of English，he resigned and went abroad.
A．command B．need
C．master D．direction
解析：選A。句意：為了很好地掌握英語(yǔ)，他辭了職到國(guó)外去了。have a good command of表示“很好地掌握”的意思。
2．He commanded that the students________the classroom before he returned.
A．didn’t leave B．wouldn’t leave
C．needn’t leave D．not leave
解析：選D。本題考查command后that從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，具體表示為：從句謂語(yǔ)部分用“should(not)＋動(dòng)詞原形”形式，should可以省略。
2request n．& vt. 請(qǐng)求；要求
(回歸課本P12)In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.
在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)你想讓別人做事時(shí)，你使用命令或請(qǐng)求方式。
[歸納拓展]
(1) make (a) request for請(qǐng)求；要求……
at sb.’s request＝at the request of sb.應(yīng)某人
之要求
(2) request sb.to do sth.請(qǐng)求/要求某人做某事
request that...(should)do sth.請(qǐng)求……做某事
request sth.from/of sb. 向某人請(qǐng)求某物
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1280)They have made an urgent request for international aid.
他們緊急請(qǐng)求國(guó)際援助。
②(牛津P1693)You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.
請(qǐng)不要在餐館吸煙。
③(牛津P1693)He was there at the request of his manager.
他按經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。
④(牛津P1693)She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision.
她要求不要向任何人談起她的決定。
【巧學(xué)助記】 常用(should)＋do構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞口訣：
一堅(jiān)持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建議：advise，suggest，propose
四要求：request，require，demand，desire
[即境活用]
3．I’m sorry that I cannot accept your________to attend your birthday party，Linda，because I’m ________to answer all the customers’ letters tonight by my boss.
A．requirement；required
B．demand；requested
C．request；asked
D．request；required
解析：選D。句意：對(duì)不起Linda，我不能接受參加你生日宴會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)，因?yàn)槔习逡笪医裢戆杨櫩偷膩?lái)信全部回完。第一個(gè)空表示邀請(qǐng)或請(qǐng)求，用request；第二個(gè)是老板的要求，用required。
4．Don’t respond to any emails________personal information，no matter how official they look.
A．searching B．a(chǎn)sking
C．requesting D．questioning
解析：選C。ask for sth.和request sth.都可表示“要求某事物”，而question sth.為“對(duì)某事物提出質(zhì)疑”；search a place表“搜某處”。
5．I shouldn’t have accepted the man’s present，but I found it difficult to turn down his________.
A．offer B．request
C．suggestion D．plan
解析：選A。本題考查名詞辨析。從句子的意思分析，此處用名詞offer，表示無(wú)法拒絕他的這種好意：主動(dòng)給予禮物。
3recognize vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)
(回歸課本P13)Although many Americans move a lot，they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
雖然美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬遷，但他們?nèi)匀荒茏R(shí)別并理解彼此的方言。
[歸納拓展]
recognize sb./one’s voice認(rèn)出某人/聽(tīng)出某
人的聲音
recognize sb./sth.as/to be...承認(rèn)某人(物)是……
be recognized as... 被公認(rèn)為/承認(rèn)是……
It is recognized that... 人們公認(rèn)……
(2) recognition n．認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí)
out of/beyond recognition認(rèn)不出來(lái)
[例句探源]
①The moment I picked up the phone，I recognized his voice.
我一拿起電話就聽(tīng)出了他的聲音。
②I recognize that I am not fit for the job.
我認(rèn)識(shí)到我不適合這個(gè)工作。
③(牛津P1658)Drugs were not recognized as a problem then.
那時(shí)候還沒(méi)把毒品看成嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。
[易混辨析]
recognize，know
(1)recognize指原來(lái)很熟悉，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的間隔或別的原因后又重新認(rèn)出來(lái)，是終止性動(dòng)詞。
(2)know是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指相互間十分熟悉和了解。
[即境活用]
6．完成句子
(1)雖然他們10年沒(méi)有見(jiàn)面了，但是他們一眼就認(rèn)出對(duì)方來(lái)了。
Although they hadn’t met for 10 years，they ________ each other at first sight.
答案：recognized
(2)我認(rèn)識(shí)他10年了。但他變化如此大，我剛才沒(méi)有認(rèn)出來(lái)。
I have ________ him for ten years.But I didn’t ________ him just now because he has changed so much.
答案：known；recognize
4because of 因?yàn)椤捎凇木壒?/p>
(回歸課本P9)Later in the next century，people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries.
在下一個(gè)世紀(jì)晚期，來(lái)自英國(guó)的人們長(zhǎng)途跋涉去征服世界的其他地方，也是由于這一點(diǎn)，英語(yǔ)在許多國(guó)家得到使用。
[例句探源]
①(牛津P159)He walked slowly because of his bad leg.
他因?yàn)橥炔环奖愣凶呔徛?/p>
②He was very angry because of what you said.
由于你說(shuō)的話，他非常生氣。
[易混辨析]
because of，owing to，due to，thanks to
這四個(gè)短語(yǔ)都有“由于”，“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑�，都是介詞短語(yǔ)，因此后面不可接從句。
(1)because of意為“由于，因?yàn)椤�，�?qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)。
(2)owing to與because of一樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
(3)due to 引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與owing to同義，但due to一般不置于句首。
①Liu Xiang gave up the competition because of his injury.
②The game was cancelled owing to the heavy rain.
③The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
(4)thanks to只能用作狀語(yǔ)，可以表達(dá)正面意思“幸虧”。
④It was a great success-thanks to a lot of hard work.
[即境活用]
7．-Did you return Fred’s call?
-I didn’t need to________I’ll see him tomorrow.
A．though B．unless
C．when D．because
解析：選D。句意：--你給Fred回電話了嗎？--我沒(méi)必要，因?yàn)槊魈煳乙ヒ?jiàn)他。though“雖然”；unless“除非”；when“當(dāng)……時(shí)”；because“因?yàn)椤薄?/p>
8．The openair celebration has been put off________the bad weather.
A．in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
解析：選D。句意：戶外慶典由于惡劣天氣被推遲了。in case of“萬(wàn)一”；in spite of“盡管”；instead of“代替”；because of “因?yàn)椤薄?/p>
9．Tom，together with his classmates，________because of________the school rule.
A．was punished；obeying
B．were punished；breaking
C．was punished；breaking
D．were punished；obeying
解析：選C。together with...短語(yǔ)只是句中主語(yǔ)Tom 的補(bǔ)充成分，句子謂語(yǔ)還應(yīng)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)Tom來(lái)決定，用單數(shù)；而because of后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。break the rule“違反規(guī)則”；obey the rule“遵守規(guī)則”。
5come up 走近；上來(lái)；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；(太陽(yáng)、月亮等) 升起
(回歸課本P10)
I’d like to come up to your apartment.
我愿意來(lái)你的公寓。
[歸納拓展]
come about發(fā)生
come across(偶然)遇見(jiàn)
come out(照片上)顯露；結(jié)果是；出版
come to恢復(fù)知覺(jué)；共計(jì)；達(dá)到(某種狀態(tài))
come up with提出
come along一道來(lái)；一起去；進(jìn)步；趕快
[例句探源]
①Your question came up at the meeting.
你的問(wèn)題在會(huì)上被提出來(lái)討論了。
②(朗文P286)I’ll let you know if anything comes up.
如果發(fā)生什么事，我會(huì)告訴你的。
③I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.
我想出一條建議，很快這條建議在會(huì)上被提出來(lái)了。
④I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
我就不明白你為何一周遲到三次。
⑤I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰見(jiàn)了一位老校友。
[即境活用]
10．(2010年亳州模擬)Facing the emergency，we were at a loss and none of us could________a solution to the problem.
A．come about B．come out
C．come up D．come up with
解析：選D。句意：面對(duì)危機(jī)，我們不知所措，沒(méi)有人想出解決問(wèn)題的方法。come up with“想出”，符合句意。
11．A famous writer’s new book My New Life will ________next month.
A．come across B．come out
C．come along D．come up
解析：選B。come out“出版”，符合句意。come across“(偶然)遇見(jiàn)”；come along“一道來(lái)，一起來(lái)”；come up“走近，被提出”。
6 make use of 利用，使用
(回歸課本P10)So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
所以到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時(shí)期都大。
[歸納拓展]
make full use of 充分利用
make good use of 好好利用
make little use of 不充分利用
make the most of 最好地利用
take full advantage of 充分利用
[例句探源]
①We should make the best use of our limited time.
我們應(yīng)該充分利用我們有限的時(shí)間。
②We should consider what use can be made of such a material.
我們應(yīng)該考慮這樣的材料被用來(lái)做什么。
③In my opinion，the old shopping bag can still be made use of.
依我來(lái)看，這個(gè)舊的購(gòu)物包仍能使用。
[即境活用]
12．The money collected should be made good use________the people who suffered a lot in this terrible earthquake.
A．of helping B．to help
C．to helping D．of to help
解析：選D。make good use of sth.好好利用，后邊用不定式表示目的。
13．The manager of the company told us that very little________was made of the waste material in the past.
A．cost B．value
C．use D．matter
解析：選C。注意make use of 的被動(dòng)形式。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.(P10)
以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。
【句法分析】 even if或even though意為“即使，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
①(牛津P683)I’ll get there even if I have to walk.
我就是走也要走到那兒。
②I’ll go to her birthday party even if it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我也要去參加她的生日宴會(huì)。
③(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，even if they have the interest.
工程師很忙，盡管他們對(duì)戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣也沒(méi)有時(shí)間運(yùn)動(dòng)。
[即境活用]
14．Allow children the space to voice their opinions________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(即使不同于你自己的觀點(diǎn))．
答案：even if they are different from your own
2【教材原句】 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.(P10)
當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)不是。
【句法分析】 more... than...與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……
①I(mǎi) was more angry than worried when they didn’t come home.
他們沒(méi)有回家，與其說(shuō)我擔(dān)心倒不如說(shuō)我生氣。
②She was more sad than angry when her son lied.
當(dāng)她的兒子撒謊時(shí)，與其說(shuō)她生氣倒不如說(shuō)她傷心。
【溫馨提示】 (1)more than＋數(shù)詞，表示“超過(guò)，多于”。
(2)more than＋名詞，表示“不僅是，不只是”。
(3)more than＋形容詞/副詞，表示“非常，十分”，與very同義。
(4)no more than＝only意為“只有，僅僅”；not more than常用于數(shù)詞之前，意為“至多，不超過(guò)”，其意義相當(dāng)于at(the)most。
(5)no less than不少于
③He is more than a scientist，he is also a poet.
他不僅僅是位科學(xué)家，還是一位詩(shī)人。
④I’m more than happy to take you there in my car.
我非常樂(lè)意用我的車(chē)帶你去那里。
[即境活用]
15．(2009年高考浙江卷)It took________building supplies to construct these energyMsaving houses.It took brains，too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：選B。句意：建造這些節(jié)能住宅不僅僅需要建筑用品，還需要用腦。more than意為“不僅僅”，修飾名詞。other than不同于，除了；rather than寧可……也不愿，與其……倒不如；less than 不到，少于。
16．(2010年安徽十校檢測(cè))What a wonder！They’ve finished________half of the project in such a short time.
A．no more than
B．no less than
C．not more than
D．much less than
解析：選B。句意：真是一個(gè)奇跡！他們?cè)谶@么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就完成了多達(dá)一半的工程。no more than(＝only)“僅僅”；no less than(＝as much as)“不少于，多達(dá)”；not more than(＝less than)“少于，不多于”；much less than“比……少得多”。