重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法
1．room的用法
1)room 用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“(未占用的或可利用的)空間；地位；余地”。例如：
①Is there room for me?
還有我的地方嗎？
②There's room for three more.
還有三個(gè)人的位置。
③I haven't much room to move here.
我這兒沒(méi)有多少活動(dòng)余地。
④Can you make room for another?
你還能騰出一個(gè)人(或一件東西)的地方嗎？
⑤This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out.
這張桌子占的地方太大，我們最好把它搬到外面去。
2)room用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“房間；一套房間；寓所”。例如：
①How many rooms are there in this house?
這所房子里有多少房間？
②This room is a very pleasant one.
這個(gè)房間很舒服。
【注意】與room常合成的詞有：bathroom 洗澡間； sitting－room 起居室；din-ning-room 飯廳；schoolroom 教室
2．hold的用法
1)hold 用作動(dòng)詞，意為“抓住”，常用“hold sb. by the+表身體部位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
①She was holding her father's hand.
她緊緊抓住父親的手。
②I hold him by the sleeve.
我抓住了他的袖子。
2)hold可用于表示“承受(某人/物)的重量；支承”。
①Is that branch strong enough to hold you?
那樹枝經(jīng)得住你嗎？
②The dam gave away. It was not strong enough to hold the flood waters.
水壩塌了，它不夠堅(jiān)固，擋不住洪水。
3)hold可用于表示“容納，包含”之意，不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也不用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
①This barrel holds 25 litres.
這個(gè)桶能裝 25升。
②I don't think the car can hold you all.
我看這輛車坐不下你們這些人。
③My brain can't hold so much information at one time.
我腦子一下子記不住這么多信息。
4)hold可用于表示“使保持(某種狀態(tài))”之意，常在賓語(yǔ)后接介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞或分詞，表示該賓語(yǔ)的位置、姿態(tài)或狀態(tài)。
①She held her baby in her arms.
她抱著她的小孩。
②He is holding a cigarette between his lips.
他嘴里叼著一支香煙。
③They held their heads high.
他們把頭抬得高高的。
④I couldn't hold the door closed .
我沒(méi)法把門關(guān)上。
5)hold還可作“認(rèn)為，相信，持有某種觀點(diǎn)”解。
①People once held that the earth was flat.
人們?cè)欢认嘈诺厍蚴瞧降摹?/p>
②I hold the view that the plan cannot work.
我認(rèn)為那個(gè)計(jì)劃不可行。
6)hold還可表示“召開，舉行(會(huì)議等)”。
①The meeting will be held in the community centre.
會(huì)議將在社區(qū)活動(dòng)中心舉行。
②We hold a general election every four or five years.
我們每四五年舉行一次大選。
③The Motor Show is usually held in October.
汽車展覽會(huì)通常在十月舉行。
7)在電話交談中，我們常說(shuō) Hold on, please.意為“請(qǐng)別掛掉�！�
8)習(xí)語(yǔ)hold one's tongue意為“住嘴”，多用于祈使句。
Hold your tongue! Don't bother me any more.
住嘴！別再打擾我了。
3．sight的用法
sight[sait]意為“視力；目光”，是不可數(shù)名詞。 catch sight of意為“看見”，lose sight of意為“看不見”，go sightseeing意為“去觀光”，get nearsighted意為“變成近視眼”。例如：
①Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不見，心不念。
②Standing at the top of the hill you can catch sight of the whole city.
站在山頂，我們能夠看見全城的景色。
③I used to have a good sight, but because of years of hard work, I got nearsighted.
我過(guò)去視力很好，但由于常年的艱苦工作，我變成了近視眼。
④The little boy lost his sight after three year's illness.
那個(gè)小男孩病了三年之后失明了。
【注意】sight還可以作“景象；情景”解。例如：
⑤The sunset with the colourful cloud behind it is a beautiful sight.
這落日的景象襯托著后面的彩云真美啊。
⑥The earthquake was a frightening sight.
那次地震的情景真可怕。
4．fit的用法
1)表示與職務(wù)、身份、場(chǎng)合是否相稱，用形容詞fit，詞組為 be fit for。
①The book is fit for children.
這種書適合兒童閱讀。
②She is not fit for the job.
她不能勝任這工作。
2)表示衣服鞋襪等是否合身要用動(dòng)詞fit。
①His coat fits beautifully.
他的上衣很合身。
②This suit doesn't fit me well. Have you got a larger size?
這套西裝不怎么合身，有尺碼大一點(diǎn)兒的嗎？
3)fit用作形容詞，還有“恰當(dāng)?shù)模皿w的；健康的”的意思。
①The room is a fit place for study.
那間房很適合學(xué)習(xí)用。
②He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day.
他每天跑5英里以保持身體健康。
4)fit用作動(dòng)詞還有“配合，安裝”的意思
①The key doesn't fit the lock.
鑰匙和鎖不配。
②A man came and fitted the telephone for her.
來(lái)了個(gè)人替她把電話裝上了。
5．water 的用法
1)water ['w&t+]作“水”解時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但在指大量的水(mass of water)，如海水、湖水或河水時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式 waters。例如：
①One week without water makes one weak.
一周不飲水，將使人虛弱。
②If you have a fever, you must drink plenty of water.
如果你發(fā)燒，就必須喝足量的水。
③In summer we usually find Huanghe River full of waters.
夏天我們通常發(fā)現(xiàn)水滿黃河。
④Have you seen the place where the waters of the Changjiang River flow out into the East Sea?
你見到過(guò)長(zhǎng)江的入海處嗎?
2)water 既可用作名詞，意為“水”；又可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“澆水，灌溉；加水；淚水流出；流口水”。如：
①It's very dry, and we must water the garden.
天很干，我們應(yīng)該澆園了。
②They were watering the streets.
他們正在街上灑水。
③Our ship watered at every port we visited.
我們的船每到一港口，就加水一次。
④The smoke made my eyes water.
煙使我眼睛流淚。
⑤The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water.
廚房的氣味使我直流口水。
6．dirty的用法
dirty['d+:ti](= make dirty) vt.弄臟；變臟/vi.變臟。例如：
①The student dirtied his new books carelessly.
那個(gè)學(xué)生不小心弄臟了他的新書。
②On rainy days, the bicycle dirties quickly.
雨天，自行車很快就臟了。
【注意】在英語(yǔ)中，有一些形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。又如：
③They calmed down after the quarrel.
爭(zhēng)吵之后他們平靜下來(lái)。
④You must slow down when you come into the town.
進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)，你就必須減慢速度。
⑤It can help to cool the soup.
它可以幫助湯涼下來(lái)。
④In order to better their life, they worked very hard.
它們?yōu)榱烁纳粕睿ぷ鞣浅ＥΑ?/p>
7．a(chǎn)fter的用法
1)after用作介詞時(shí)，后面可接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如：
①They ate in a restaurant after the film.(＝After seeing the film. they ate in a restaurant.)
看完電影后，他們?cè)谝患也宛^吃了飯。
after不是副詞，不能與 afterwards，then或 after that互換使用。例如：
②They went to the cinema and afterwards (then/after that) they ate in a restaurant. (×…and after they ate in a restaurant.)
他們先去看電影，然后在一家餐館吃了飯。
2)after也可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……之后”。例如：
①I called him after you told me his telephone number.
在你告訴我他的電話號(hào)碼后，我便給他打了電話。
②Soon after he entered the classroom , the students stood up and said hello to the teacher.
老師剛一進(jìn)教室，同學(xué)們就站了起來(lái)并向老師問(wèn)好。
8．home 意為“動(dòng)植物的產(chǎn)地或棲息地”。例如：
①Do you know the home of the tigers?
你知道老虎的產(chǎn)地嗎？
②Heze is quite famous for its peony flowers .It is the home of peony.
菏澤以牡丹花著名，它是牡丹之鄉(xiāng)。
③The teacher told us that the home of the lion was Africa.
老師告訴我們獅子的產(chǎn)地是非洲。
9．present
1)present用作形容詞，表示“出席，在場(chǎng)”，讀作['preznt]。
①Were you present when the news was announced?
宣布消息時(shí)你在場(chǎng)嗎？
②Everybody present welcomed the decision.
出席的每個(gè)人都?xì)g迎那個(gè)決議。
③There were 200 people present at the meeting.
有200人到會(huì)。
2)present 用作形容詞，還可表示“現(xiàn)有的，現(xiàn)在的”。
①You can't use it in its present condition.
目前這樣情形你無(wú)法使用。
②After being taken back 200 years, we were suddenly returned to the present day.
我們剛還在200年前的歷史場(chǎng)景中，一下子又回到了現(xiàn)在。
3)present 可用作名詞表示“現(xiàn)在、目前”的時(shí)間概念。
①We learn from the past, experience the present , and hope for success in the future.
我們從過(guò)去中學(xué)習(xí)，從現(xiàn)在體驗(yàn)并展望未來(lái)成功。
②She is busy at present and can't speak to you.
她現(xiàn)在很忙，不能和你說(shuō)話。
4)present 用作名詞，還可表示“禮物”之意。
①I'm buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely.
我買這東西送人，請(qǐng)幫我好好包裝一下。
②He admired my old typewriter so much, I made him a present of it.
他非常喜歡我的舊打字機(jī)，所以我就送給他了。
5)present 用作動(dòng)詞，可表示“捐贈(zèng)；介紹(正式的)”的意思，讀作[pri'zent]。
①they presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
為紀(jì)念兒子他們向?qū)W院捐贈(zèng)了一大筆錢。
②The ambassador was presented to the president.
大使被引見給總統(tǒng)。
10．square 的用法
1)square 是可數(shù)名詞，表示“正方形”
①The handkerchief is a square .
這塊手帕是方形的。
②The handkerchief is in the shape of a square.
這塊手帕是正方形的。
【注意】其它表示形狀的詞有： rectangle(oblong)長(zhǎng)方形， triangle三角 形，quadrangle 四角形， pentagon五角形， hexagon 六角形， heptagon 七角形，polygon多角形
2)square 作“廣場(chǎng)”解，常與專有名詞連用。
Venice Square (羅馬)威尼斯廣場(chǎng)
Tian An Men Square 天安門廣場(chǎng)
the Red square (莫斯科)紅場(chǎng)
the People's Square in Shanghai 上海人民廣場(chǎng)
3)square 用作形容詞，表示“平方的”。
①one square meter 一平方米
②A carpet six meters square has an area of 36 square meters.
六米見方的地毯面積為36平方米。
【注意】圓形廣場(chǎng)叫circus，方形廣場(chǎng)叫square
11．else的用法
1)else在該句中用作形容詞，意為“別的”，“其它的”。它作形容詞常用來(lái)修飾疑問(wèn)代詞 who，whom，whose，what；不定代詞all，little，much及以any-，every-，some-，no-加上-body，-one，-thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞。else要放在它所修飾的詞之后。
①What else can I do for you?
還有什么事我可以為你做的呢？
②He is more diligent than anyone else in his class.
他比班里的其他任何學(xué)生都勤奮。
③Someone else may see it.
還有別的人可能看到了。
④I have much else to say about this.
關(guān)于此事我還有更多的話要說(shuō)。
【注意】other 作形容詞用時(shí)詞義與 else相同，但用法不一樣：other通常修飾普通名詞，且放在被修飾詞之前。上述有關(guān)句子可改為：
①What other thing can I do for you?
我還可以為你做點(diǎn)什么別的事嗎？
②He is more diligent than any other student in his class.
他比班里其他別的學(xué)生都更勤奮。
③Some other person may see it.
其他人可能看見它。
2)else用作副詞，意為“另外”，“其他”，用來(lái)修飾疑問(wèn)副詞how，when，where，why及以any-，every-，no-some-加上-where構(gòu)成的詞。如：
①Why else were you absent from class?
你缺課還有什么別的原因？
②We went nowhere else.
我們沒(méi)去別處。
12．reason & cause
1)reason 是指“(為什么做某事)的原因，理由”。(人的主觀性)
①You have no reason to get angry.
你沒(méi)有理由發(fā)脾氣。
②Tell me the reason why you are so late this morning.
告訴我你今天早上來(lái)得這么晚的理由。
2)cause 是指“(引起一件事發(fā)生的)起因�！�(客觀因素)
①The cause of the fire was carelessness.
起火的原因是不謹(jǐn)慎。
②We can't get rid of war until we get rid of the causes of war.
不首先消失戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的起因，就不能消滅戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
重要詞組短語(yǔ)
1．go on doing sth .繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事情；go on to do sth .接著去做另一件事。例如：
①After reading the text, we went on to translate some sentences.
讀完課文，我們接著翻譯了幾個(gè)句子。
②The students went on talking and laughing all the way.
同學(xué)們一路上不停地談笑。
③After a short break, he went on writing the letter.
休息一會(huì)后，他繼續(xù)寫了這信。
④If the population goes on increasing , there will only be standing room left for us next century!
如果人口繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的話，下個(gè)世紀(jì)我們就只有站的地方了。
2．be fit for 意為“適合于”。例如：
①The old man is so weak and he isn't fit for the job.
那位老人太虛弱了，不適合于這項(xiàng)工作。
②Our headmaster is fit for his position.
我們的校長(zhǎng)是稱職的。
▲be fit to do sth. 意為“適合于做某事”。例如：
③The glasses too large. They are not fit for me to wear.
這架眼鏡太大了，不 適合我的。
④I do think she is fit to look after the children .
我的確認(rèn)為，她是適合照顧這些孩子的。
3．a(chǎn)gree，agree to，agree with＆agree on 的用法區(qū)別
1)agree后可接不定式，也可接that從句。
①He agreed to finish the job as soon as possible.
他同意盡早結(jié)束這項(xiàng)工作。
②I am sure you will agree that it is most important for us to keep fit.
十分重要的是要保持身體健康。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)我肯定你會(huì)同意的。
2)agree with sb. 表示“同意某人的意見”，也可接what 從句。
①I agreed with you.
我同意你的意見。
②I agree with what you have said.
我同意你說(shuō)的話。
3)agree to 表示對(duì)所述之事表示肯定或答應(yīng)。
He has agreed to this arrangement .
對(duì)于此項(xiàng)安排，他已經(jīng)表示同意。
4)agree on 表示“商定，達(dá)成協(xié)議”。
Can we agree on a date for the next meeting!
我們可否商定下次開會(huì)的日期？
4．to one's joy
“to one's+感情名詞”或“to the+感情名詞+ of”結(jié)構(gòu)，用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。常見的感情名詞有joy(高興)，delight(歡喜)，surprise(驚奇)，astonishment(吃驚)，disappointment(失望)，amusement(好笑)，annoyance (煩惱)，horror(恐懼)，shame(羞愧)，relief(安心)等。
①To our astonishment, she began to laugh.
使我們吃驚的是她笑了起來(lái)。
②To the disappointment of the spectators, the match had to be abandoned.
令觀眾失望的是，這次比賽不得不取消。
③He has recovered, much to the delight of his friends.
他病好了，使得朋友們大為歡喜。
5．cut down 意為“砍伐、砍倒”，另外還可以作“削減”解。例如：
①Young trees are not allowed to cut down in some countries.
在一些國(guó)家不允許砍伐小樹。
②The bullets cut down the soldiers like corns.
子彈象砍玉米一樣將士兵一排排射倒。
③We must cut down the expenses.
我們必須削減開支。
④The tailor cut the dress down.
裁縫把衣服改小了。
6．in place 是一個(gè)固定詞組，意為“在原來(lái)的地方”。例如：
①You must put every book in place after reading .
你閱讀后，必須把每一本書都放回原處。
②We should put the shoes in place before we decided which pair to buy.
在我們確定買那一雙之前，我們應(yīng)該將鞋子放回原處。
③The manager persuaded us to keep the bicycle in place.
管理人員說(shuō)服我們把自行車放回原出。
④We'd better leave the computer and printer in place in order to protect them.
我們最好將電腦和打印機(jī)留在原來(lái)的地方，以便保護(hù)它們。
7．表示一類人，可以用“the+形容詞或過(guò)去分詞”形式。例如：
the rich＝ the rich people 富人
the poor = the poor people 窮人
the young＝ the young people 年青人
the old＝the old people 老人
the wounded＝ the wounded people 傷員
the deaf = the deaf people 聾子
the laid-off＝ the laid-off workers 下崗職工
the unemployed＝ the unemployed people失業(yè)者
the dead = the dead people 死人
8．play a part(in)意為“在……中起作用”。例如：
①M(fèi)ost Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people's life.
大多數(shù)愛爾蘭人星期天都去教堂做禮拜。教會(huì)在人們生活中起著重要的作用。
②They are playing an important part in building our country.
他們?cè)谖覈?guó)的建設(shè)中起著重要作用。
③The part played by religion was very great.
宗教起的作用是巨大的。
④The part that women played during the was great.
婦女在那次戰(zhàn)役中起的作用是巨大的。
⑤The workers have played an important part in the development of production.
工人在生產(chǎn)發(fā)展中起著重要作用。
9．in all作“總共”(altogether)解。例如：
①In our school there are twenty-five English teachers in all.
我們學(xué)�？偣灿�25位英語(yǔ)教師。
②New Zealand has no more than 3.5 million people in all
新西蘭一共只不過(guò)三百五十萬(wàn)人。
10．no more than & not more than
1)no more than表示“少”，not more than表示“不多于”。
①I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.
我口袋里只不過(guò)5元錢。(太少了)
②I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.
我口袋里不多于5元錢。(不言其多或少)
2)no less than表示“多”，not less than 表示“不少于”。
①He is no less determined than you.
他的決心決不亞于你。(言其決心大)
②He is not less determined than you.
他的決心不比你小。(無(wú)言其大或小的含義)
常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1．if引導(dǎo)的條件句的用法
1)當(dāng)if用于表示普遍真理和科學(xué)事實(shí)的條件句中，其主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
①If you heat ice, it melts.
如果給冰加熱，冰便融化了。
②If you pour oil on water, it floats.
把油倒在水上，油浮于水面。
③If the temperature drops to zero degrees centigrade, water freezes.
如果溫度降至零度，水便結(jié)冰了。
④If you divide eight by two, you get four.
8除以2，等于4。
2)當(dāng)if用于表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣動(dòng)作條件句中，其主從句的謂語(yǔ)也都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
①lf I make a promise, I keep it.
我只要許下諾言，就信守不渝。
②if it rains, I go to work by bus.
每逢雨天，我就搭乘公共汽車上班。
3)當(dāng)if用于表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作的條件句中，其主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用一般過(guò)去式。
①lf I made promise, I kept it.
以前我只要許下諾言，就總是信守不渝。
②If it rained, I went to work by bus.
以前每逢下雨，我就坐公共汽車上班。
4)if還常與從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用 will/shall/can加動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)搭配使用。
①If you go to England, you will have to learn English .
如果你到英國(guó)去，就必須學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
②If it is fine tomorrow , we can have a picnic somewhere .
如果明天晴天，我們可以去野餐。
5)if從句還常出現(xiàn)以下結(jié)構(gòu)，主句祈使句，從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
①If you wake up before me, give me a call.
如果你比我醒得早，就叫醒我。
②If you meet Mary in London , introduce youself to her .
如果你在倫敦遇見瑪麗，就向她做自我介紹。
6)有時(shí)if從句中還使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，加重語(yǔ)氣。
①If we should miss the 10 o'clock train, we won't get there till after lunch.
如果我們錯(cuò)過(guò)10點(diǎn)鐘的火車，就要在午餐后才能到達(dá)。
②If he should fail to come, ask Philip to work in his place.
萬(wàn)一他不來(lái)，就請(qǐng)菲利浦代替他工作。
7)if從句中也常使用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“意愿”。
①If he will accept the nomination , a lot of electors will vote for him .
如果他愿意接受提名，許多選民都會(huì)投他的票。
②lf you will wait for a few more minutes, the doctor will see you without your making an appointment.
如果你愿意再等幾分鐘，醫(yī)生不用預(yù)約就來(lái)看你。
8)if主從句中都用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“意愿”，用于客氣的請(qǐng)求。
①If you would try Italian food, you would like it.
如果您愿意嘗試意大利食品，你會(huì)喜歡的。
②If you would read more carefully , you would understand what the writer is trying to say.
如果你愿意更加細(xì)心閱讀，你會(huì)理解作家的意圖。
2．It is thought/said/ believed that…據(jù)認(rèn)為/說(shuō)/信……相當(dāng)于People think that… 例：
①It is thought that the team will certainly win the match.
據(jù)認(rèn)為這支球隊(duì)肯定能贏得比賽。
②It is said that the first printed book came out at this period.
據(jù)說(shuō)第一本印刷書就是這時(shí)出現(xiàn)的。
③It is reported that Bill Clinton will meet Blair next week.
據(jù)說(shuō)下周比爾克林頓要會(huì)見布萊爾。