1.A woman lost in the fog
沉迷于________________
迷路________________
And there, almost _________ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
2.Sense
感覺(jué)官能
the sense of sight/hearing/smell/humor
常識(shí)見(jiàn)識(shí)
There’s a lot of sense in what she says.
make sense
eg: what you say makes no sense.
Make sense of sth=make out/understand
Common sense常識(shí)
3..By touching
by (doing) sth
You switch the radio on _________ (press) the button.
__________ (work) hard he gained rapid promotion.
The room is heated by gas/oil.
我可以用支票付款么？
比較：
by (doing) sth通過(guò)做什么，用什么交通工具
with sth 用于有形的工具或身體某些器官，其后的名詞多被冠詞，物主代詞等修飾（with a pen/ pencil）
through sth 后多接抽象名詞
in sth使用語(yǔ)言，原料，材料
用英語(yǔ)___________________
用墨水_____________________
用收音機(jī)___________________
通過(guò)電話___________________
用望遠(yuǎn)鏡___________________
4..even if/though
Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there.
She loves the child _______ she were his mother.
I like her _______she can be annoying.
5..cover
1).cover sth (up) with sth
cover the table with a cloth
be covered with sth
2).Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly.
3)By sunset we had covered thirty miles.
4).Is this historical event covered in today’s newspaper?
6.usual 通常的，平常的。
Ordinary 普通的，一般的
Common 1）常見(jiàn)的，通常的 2）共有的。
Robbery is not ________ in this area...
Make all the ________ excuses
We share a ________ purpose
I’ll have my _________, please.
As is _________ with children, they soon got tired.
We were dressed up for the party but he was still in her _____ clothes.
________ people just like you and me
Pine trees are ________ throughout the world.
7.比較：
observe/watch/glance/stare/glare
she ___________ shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.
________ what I do and how I do it.
The police ___________ the man entering the bank.
She had little time and had to _______ at the news titles before going to work.
He didn’t shout or swear, but just _________ silently at me.
She used to like ________ the behavior of birds.
Do they _________ Christmas in that country?
They are _______ for further development.
It is rude to ________.
She was __________ into the distance.
Could you ________ my clothes while I have a swim?
8. deserted adj.
a. with no one present 無(wú)人的
這個(gè)辦公室里沒(méi)有人______________________
b. abandoned 被離棄的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的
被離棄的房子＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
desert
1) v.
a. go away from a place without intending ever to return離棄
全村人都逃走了，或許因?yàn)樵摰貐^(qū)有恐怖分子．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
b. leave sb. without help or support; abandon 離棄；拋棄
他拋棄了妻子兒女，出國(guó)去了．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
c. leave (service in the armed forces, or a ship) without authority or permission; run away擅自離開(kāi)（軍中或船上的職守）；潛逃
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間開(kāi)小差的士兵要受到嚴(yán)懲．＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
d. fail sb. when needed 在關(guān)鍵時(shí)使某人失望
他喪失了勇氣．＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2) n［C,U］. 沙漠，荒原
撒哈拉大沙漠 the Sahara Desert
[attrib作定語(yǔ)]desert wastes, sands, esc.不毛的荒地，沙漠
desert island 無(wú)人居住的島
deserter n. 擅離職守者，潛逃者
desertion n. 離棄；拋棄；遺棄
deserts n. 應(yīng)得到的事物
(2005湖南,49) Have you got used to the life in the _____? It must be quite a shock after living in Boston.
A. desert B. city C. state D. country
9. lie
1). v.
A. 說(shuō)謊 (pt): lied，(pp): lied, (pres p): lying
她謊報(bào)年齡．
She lies about her age.
B. (pt): lay, (pp): lain, (pres p): lying
a. 躺，平臥
別一上午都躺在床上！
Don’t lie in bed all morning!
b. be at rest on a surface 平放
c. remain in a certain state 留在或保持在某種狀態(tài)
地面上厚厚的雪
snow lying thick on the ground
e. 位于
該城位于海邊．
The town lies on the coast.
2). n.
A．謊言，假話
他說(shuō)的純粹是一派謊言．
His story is nothing but a pack of lies.
B. 某物所處的狀態(tài)或位置
the lie of the land 地形地貌
Lay v. (pt/ pp): laid (pres p): laying
A. put sth. in a certain position 將某物置于某位置
把書(shū)放在桌上
lay the book on the table
B. cause sth./ sb. to be in a certain state 使某人／物處于某種狀態(tài)
C. produce (eggs) 產(chǎn)卵，下蛋
現(xiàn)在那些母雞不愛(ài)下蛋．
The hens are not laying well.
10. Sight
1) n.
A. vision; ability to see 視力，視覺(jué)
B. 看，看見(jiàn)
C. 視野，視界
in/ within/ out of one’s sight 看得見(jiàn)／看不見(jiàn)
還能看見(jiàn)那列火車(chē)．
The train is still in sight.
D. 情景，景象，奇觀
春天百花盛開(kāi)十分美麗．
The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.
2) v. 看見(jiàn)
海上航行三天后我們見(jiàn)到了陸地．
After three days at see, we sighted land.
＊辨析sight, scene, view, scenery
sight 指觀光風(fēng)景；
Scene 指人工場(chǎng)景或某個(gè)具體情景
View 指遠(yuǎn)眺，俯視或仰視看到的景色
Scenery 是景色的總稱(chēng)，且不可數(shù)．
11.set off 開(kāi)始(旅行，賽跑)，出發(fā)，動(dòng)身
你打算明天幾點(diǎn)鐘啟程？
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
set sth. off : cause (a bomb, mine, etc) to explode使(炸彈,地雷)等爆炸;引爆
set sb. off (doing sth.) 使某人開(kāi)始做某事
別讓他談?wù)危蝗凰徽劸偷靡粋�(gè)晚上．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
區(qū)分set off , set out 和set about:
set off 出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；觸發(fā)；引爆
set out 出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；開(kāi)始；陳列
set about 開(kāi)始做或處理；著手；做
飯已經(jīng)擺在桌子上了．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
他開(kāi)始著手做家務(wù)．
�。撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸�
set about sb. : attack sb. with words 攻擊或抨擊某人
set forth : start a journey ; set out 啟程；出發(fā)；動(dòng)身
Set aside : (a) save or keep( money or time) 節(jié)省或保留
(b) place sth. to one side 將某物放在一邊
(c) ignore sth.不理會(huì)某物；對(duì)...不予考慮
set sb./ sth. apart (from sb./ sth) 使某人／物與眾不同或優(yōu)于其他的
set up 豎起，創(chuàng)立，造成，產(chǎn)生
(2004江蘇,29) It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
10. beat (vi.)
a. (心臟)跳動(dòng)；雨水擊打
聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那個(gè)男人的聲音，我的心跳得厲害．
�。撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸�
冰雹落在窗戶(hù)上．
�。撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸撸�
b. 用棍打；打�。怀�
我隊(duì)被對(duì)方輕易打敗了． __________________________________________
擊鼓 beat a drum
辨析beat，defeat，win
＊beat和defeat是同義詞，其賓語(yǔ)是人或集體，如a team, a class, a school, an army等．defeat側(cè)重在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)打敗敵人，beat常用于比賽中，但在實(shí)踐中常替換使用．
敵人在一場(chǎng)決定性的戰(zhàn)斗中被擊�。甠_______________________________________
他下棋贏了我．____________________________
*win 表示在較強(qiáng)的比賽中取得了勝利，常帶的賓語(yǔ)有：game, war, prize等．
保守黨在上次議會(huì)選舉中從工黨手里奪得這個(gè)議席．
___________________________________________________
(2005遼寧,36) When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians had _____ them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.
A. hit B. fought C. won D. beaten
11. fear
1) n. emotion caused by the nearness or possibility of danger, pain, evil, ect 恐懼，懼怕
嚇得說(shuō)不出話來(lái) ____________________________
醫(yī)生的報(bào)告證實(shí)了我們最為擔(dān)心的事．__________________________________
2) v. 害怕，懼怕
中世紀(jì)時(shí)這種瘟疫十分可怕。_______________________________________
fearful adj. 緊張的；可怕的
fearless adj. 無(wú)畏的
fearsome adj. 樣子可怕的
fear for sb./ sth. 對(duì)某人／事?lián)鷳n或關(guān)心
for fear of 以免，怕的是
for fear that 生怕；為了防止...發(fā)生
辨析be afraid , fear, frighten
* be afraid to do :怕，不敢；be afraid +that ...恐怕
Eg. 我不是害怕那輛車(chē)，我是怕那個(gè)開(kāi)車(chē)的人．
__________________________________________________________________
他不敢和陌生人交談．
____________________________________________________
我恐怕不能． _________________________
＊Fear 可作動(dòng)詞也可作名詞，但口語(yǔ)中多用be afraid of
＊frighten 只用作動(dòng)詞，指“嚇唬，使害怕”；fear 側(cè)重指“怕”；afraid （adj）擔(dān)心，通常用very much 修飾，且只作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)．
14. wish for
have or express a desire for sb./ sth. 盼望，想要，期盼
夫復(fù)何求？一切已盡善盡美__________________________________________________
Wish+賓語(yǔ)從句：用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
⑴表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式
⑵表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could+do
⑶表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done 或could/would have done
我希望能記得母親更多的事情_(kāi)___________________________________________
我希望你下周一能和我一起購(gòu)物。________________________________________________
我希望我們兩小時(shí)之前就到達(dá)了北京____________________________________________
辨析wish和hope：
＊兩者后都可接不定式
＊hope后接賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣；wish后可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)成分是不定式／形容詞／過(guò)去分詞／副詞，而hope不可接復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)．Wish后可接雙賓語(yǔ)，hope不可．
祝你旅途愉快．
Wish you a pleasant journey home.
＊wish用做名詞，作“祝愿，祝�！敝v時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式．
Best wishes to you.
(2002上海)How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. Has B. had C. will have D. had had
15. still
1) adj. without movement or sound ; quiet and calm不動(dòng)的，寂靜的
死水 still water
我給你拍照時(shí)請(qǐng)別動(dòng)_______________________________________________________
(saying) still water run deep : a quiet or apparently calm person can have strong emotions, much knowledge or wisdom, etc靜水流深 (沉靜或沉默寡言者會(huì)有強(qiáng)烈情感，豐富知識(shí)或非凡智慧等)
2) n. 劇照，定格畫(huà)面
(saying) the still of the night : the calmness or silence of the night 夜間的寂靜
3) v. (cause sth to) become calm or at rest 使平靜下來(lái)或靜止
她無(wú)法消除內(nèi)心的不安． __________________________________________
stillness [u.n] quality of being still 靜止；寂靜；平靜
4). adv. 仍然，依舊；更(修飾比較級(jí))
She is still busy.
他寫(xiě)出的小說(shuō)更多了．
_________________________________________
(2004上海,55) A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can ____ swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.
A. only B. hardly C. still D. even
16. reach out 伸出來(lái)
他伸出援助之手幫助有困難的人____________________________________________
reach...for...=reach out ...for...伸出...夠...
他伸手拿字典． ______________________________________________
(2004湖北) Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the _____ of children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
17. find oneself doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在做...
他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在地上． ________________________________________
find +賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)(adj./p.p./adv./to be/prep. phr)結(jié)構(gòu)：
他們?cè)谏蕉蠢锇l(fā)現(xiàn)士兵們傷得很重．
_____________________________________________________________
希望我們?cè)僖?jiàn)面時(shí)你的情緒能好一些
_____________________________________________________________
他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的父母那天早上在飛機(jī)場(chǎng)等他．
_____________________________________________________________
(NMET2003, 22) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. not to smoke
18. stare up at 抬頭凝視
stare v．
stare（at sb./ sth.） 瞪著眼睛凝視
他們都驚訝得瞪大了眼睛___________________________________________________________
使某人驚諤 make sb. stare
stare (n.) long fixed gaze; staring look 凝視，注視；盯
不禮貌地瞪某人一眼 _______________________
辨析stare，gaze，glare，和glance的區(qū)別：
＊gaze表示目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看，并含有“驚嘆”，“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思．
她對(duì)它凝視了一會(huì)兒，然后補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“你根本不需要書(shū)柜．”
___________________________________________________________
＊stare特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”，“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思．
那位貴族對(duì)那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘．
___________________________________________________________
＊glare表示“兇狠而且?guī)в型{性地瞪眼睛”
穿著襯衣的男人站在房子外面瞪著我們．
___________________________________________________________
＊glance指“看一看”的動(dòng)作，glance的結(jié)果是glimpse(瞥見(jiàn))
17. rest
1) v.
a. be still or asleep in order to regain one’s strength 休息
b. rest (sth) on/ against sth
lie or be placed on/ against sth. for support倚靠在某物身上；靠某物支撐
她把肘部靠在桌子上．_____________________________
c. rest on sb./ sth. :depend or rely on sb./ sth.依靠或依賴(lài)某人
英國(guó)把獲得獎(jiǎng)牌的希望寄托在他的身上．_____________________________
d. rest on sb./ sth. 目光等停留在某人／物上
e. be left without further investigation or pursuit中止
事情不能就此作罷，我要求向我道歉．
___________________________________________________________
2) n. [C, U] 睡眠或休息的時(shí)間
20. watch out for 當(dāng)心，注意．可單獨(dú)使用，也可接介詞for再接賓語(yǔ)
當(dāng)心！車(chē)子過(guò)來(lái)了．
Watch out! There is a car coming.
watch v. & n. 觀看；注視；注意；當(dāng)心
當(dāng)心身體 watch one’s health
留心找尋；小心等候 watch for
小心；謹(jǐn)慎行事 watch one’s step
監(jiān)視；密切注視 keep (a) watch on/ over
＊watch out (for) = look out (for) “當(dāng)心，小心”，接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，后加for．be careful 和take care 也可譯為：“注意，當(dāng)心”，后接動(dòng)詞不定式．
Be careful not to catch cold.= Take care not to catch cold.
21. that of an old man: “that”代替前面的the face
*that用來(lái)代替前文提到過(guò)的不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞,不能和冠詞連用,其后總有修飾語(yǔ),其復(fù)數(shù)形式是those.
Eg. 中國(guó)的人口比日本多.
___________________________________________________________
對(duì)很多小學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，老師的建議比家長(zhǎng)的建議重要得多
___________________________________________________________
＊that 指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于the one; those 相當(dāng)于the ones. One和ones也是替代詞，用來(lái)代替前面提到過(guò)的可數(shù)名詞，one指代單數(shù)，ones指代復(fù)數(shù)，所替代的是同名異物，表示泛指，可有前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)，也可單獨(dú)使用．特指時(shí)必須加定冠詞the．
Eg．我希望這里有足夠的杯子分給每個(gè)客人．
___________________________________________________________
＊區(qū)分it和替代詞that：it特指上文提到的同名同物，不能帶任何修飾語(yǔ)．That所替代的是同名異物，其后總有修飾語(yǔ)．
Eg．只有一臺(tái)電視機(jī)了，我想把它買(mǎi)下來(lái)．
___________________________________________________________
展會(huì)上有很多車(chē)．我喜歡那種車(chē)．
___________________________________________________________
(2005江蘇,26) I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ___ in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those