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New words:

1. reliable adj. able to be trusted; dependable可信賴的，可靠的

（反）unreliable

He looks a nice, reliable man.

Is this information reliable?

reliance n. 依靠，信賴

have/ place / put reliance on sb.

A child has reliance on his mother.

You can put no reliance on Tom.

Do you place much reliance on your doctor?

2. fire vt. 解雇， 開(kāi)除dismiss from a job(反)take on , hire, employ

Get out! You are fired / dismissed!

vi. shoot off bullets發(fā)射（子彈），射擊

fire at sb./ sth.

fire a gun at sb.

He is firing at us.

He ran into the bank and fired his gun into the air.

Don’t move or I’ll fire.

3. face n. 1)臉，面孔 [c] 2) 表面，面貌

*face to face

She stood face to face with him.

a face-to-face interview

hide one’s face (由于難為情或羞愧)低下頭或把臉躲開(kāi)

*in one’s face當(dāng)面，迎面

“It’s your own fault!” he shouted in her face.

*in the face of

What could he do in the face of all the difficulties?

*look in the face正面看某人（而不羞愧），正視

If he knows ---how can I look him in the face?

I want you to look the facts in the face.

*lose (one’s) face

*make a face / faces

*pull / wear a long face

vt.1) 面向,朝著

The kitchen faces north.

2) 面臨(形式,問(wèn)題)

Such was the situation we were facing.

*be faced with面臨,面對(duì)

We are all faced with the same problem of rising costs.

4. reason n. 意思是理由，原因，緣故著重指產(chǎn)生某種行為或想法的理由：

the reason for /why

Give your reason for the plan.把你計(jì)劃的理由講一下.

　 The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.

The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain.

理由=reason

There is no cause/reason for alarm.

You have no cause for complaint.

cause n.1).起因，原因，緣故，理由，根源[c]

著重是指產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果的原因：the cause of

The cause of the fire was dry. 起火的原因是干燥。

The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving two fast.事故的原因是他開(kāi)車太快了.

reason vt.i. 說(shuō)服,推理,勸說(shuō)

She can reason very clearly.

I reason that since she had not answered my letter she must be angry with me. 我推斷既然她不給我回信,她一定是生我的氣了.

reason with sb. (try to persuade by fair argument)以理說(shuō)服;勸說(shuō)

You should reason with the child instead of just telling him to obey.

5. injure vt.

1）injure vt.事故中受傷或器官，the injured

機(jī)能，外貌受損（外傷）

2）hurt vt.身體的內(nèi)傷和精神上的傷

vi. 痛

3)harm vt.人們已認(rèn)識(shí)到的客觀害處,

公認(rèn)的害處

4)wound vt.肉體上的外傷 (多指刀槍傷) the wounded

a) When I fell , I _____ my leg.

b) His words _____ her.

c) He was badly _____ in the accident.

d) Doctor says getting up early won’t

_____ you.

e) He got ________ in the war.

6. inform vt. to tell or give the information to (正式)告知,通知,報(bào)告

inform sb. that

of

疑問(wèn)詞+ to do

n. / pron.

She informed him that she was to send for it the next day.

He informed them of his arrival.

He will informed us where to go.

If you saw the accident please inform the police.

a well-informed man消息靈通的人

*say, tell, inform, speak, talk用法

*say vt.只能用話語(yǔ)(不能用人)作賓語(yǔ):

He said, “I’m tired.”

He said a few words then sat down.

*tell vt. 接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)

He told us that he was tired.

*inform vt. 賓語(yǔ)是人

He informed us that he was tired.

只有say可以同原話連用

tell可以用于命令

speak, talk 不及物，有時(shí)可及物但絕不是人作賓語(yǔ)．

Do you speak French?

informed adj.有知識(shí)的，見(jiàn)聞廣的，了解情況的

7．relate vt.

1) to tell a story講述（故事）

relate to sb. sth.

relate +clause

He related (to us) the story of his escape.

The witness related what he had seen.

2) show a relation between把…聯(lián)系起來(lái)，看出或顯示出…與…的關(guān)系

I can’t relate those two ideas. 我看不出那兩個(gè)想法之間的關(guān)系。

*relate to 1)和… 有關(guān),涉及

This letter relates to the sale of the house.

I don’t know to what this relates

2)和…相處很好, 和...合得來(lái) (通常用否定)

She doesn’t relate very well to her mother.

*be related to

1)和…有聯(lián)系,和…有關(guān)

All things were related to all other things.

2)和…有親屬關(guān)系

Are you related to Mr Smith?

8. talent

genius – 是一個(gè)很重的詞,只用于少見(jiàn)的才華或有天才的人:

Einstein had genius./was a genius.

She has a genius for mathematics.

talent-- 也表示特殊才能(她不指人本身not the person who has it),但不如genius重

a young actor with a lot of talent

She has a talent for music.

He is a talented football player.

skill -- talent和genius都是某人天生的能力,而skill指一種可以學(xué)到的本領(lǐng),技能,只可以做好某事的能力

a skilled worker

gift-- a natural ability to do sth.天賦,天才

He has a gift for music.

a gifted painter

9. switch vt.i. change or exchange改變,交換

They switched the positions.

He got tired of teaching and switched to painting.

*switch off = turn off

電器用品的開(kāi)關(guān)用turn on, turn off或switch on / off

門(mén)窗或盒子的開(kāi)關(guān)用open或shut

水龍頭或煤氣的開(kāi)關(guān)用turn on或turn off

10. interview n.會(huì)晤,接見(jiàn)

have an interview with sb.

Father had an interview with the teacher about John’s work.

receive an interview受到采訪

give an interview to sb. 接受某人的采訪

He refused to give an interview to the journalist.

a face-to-face interview

interviewee n.

interviewer n.

11.present /pri’zent/ vt.

1)呈獻(xiàn),贈(zèng)予(尤指在典禮場(chǎng)合)

He presented a silver cup to the winner/ presented the

winner with a silver cup.

2)bring to one’s attention, offer for consideration呈遞,提交

The committee is presenting its report next week.

3)introduce (正式) 介紹

May I introduce Mr. Johnson ( to you)?

introduce sb. to

make oneself known

present adj.

1) in the place talked of出席的，到場(chǎng)的opp. absent

How many people were present at the meeting?

People present will get a gift each.

be absent from

Four students are absent from class.

2)現(xiàn)存的， 現(xiàn)在的

What’s your present address?

present n. 現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)前，目前

We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.

at present= at this time = now現(xiàn)在

for the present暫時(shí)

12．truthfully yours

13. effort ---努力，盡力the use of strength

with (without)effort 費(fèi)（不費(fèi)）力

He lifted the heavy box without effort.

make an/ every effort to do努力做某事

spare no effort不遺余力

The prisoner made an effort to escape but he failed.

power-1)動(dòng)力doing work, driving a machine, producing electricity

Mills used to depend on wind power or water power.

2)力量 Knowledge is power.

strength-力氣

force-武力

energy-精力

14.ignore 不顧，不理，忽視r(shí)efuse to notice, take no notice of

比較：ignore : He ignored the s peed limit (=he knew about it, but paid no attention to it) and drove very fast.它無(wú)視時(shí)速限制，車開(kāi)得很快。

ignorant :無(wú)知的，不知道的

He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the fact that (= he didn’t know that) there was a speed limit. 他車開(kāi)得很快，因?yàn)樗�不知道有時(shí)速限制。

15．a(chǎn)ttention n. 注意 （力）[u]

pay (close) attention to注意，重視

draw / catch / call /attract attention to

devote one’s attention to專注于

turn one’s attention to注意力轉(zhuǎn)向

give attention to

concentrate / hold one’s attention upon將注意力集中在

fix one’s attention on留意，專心于02

　 Now they stopped to pay attention to him.

He is very quiet and doesn’t draw much attention to himself.

All his attention was concentrated upon the great blue circle.

16．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍is used of people or behavior , but usually not of suffering （用于忍受人或行為，通常并不指忍受痛苦）

tolerate doing

I find it hard to tolerate your behavior.

bear/stand極大的肉體痛苦

He bore/ stood the pain as long as he could. 他盡力忍受

痛苦. 還可同can連用,表非常討厭的事情

I can’t bear/ stand strong coffee.

17. 1)affair事，事情[c]多指已發(fā)生的大小事情或必須去做的任何事情；

Leave me alone: mind your own affair.

It’s no affair of mine.

事務(wù)（多用復(fù)數(shù)）多指經(jīng)濟(jì)，外交方面的重大事情

international affairs

affairs of state　　�。�　　family affair

current affairs時(shí)事

2)event 事件，事[c]

The important event of the year was the big earthquake.

3)incident事件；事變；插曲

　　　July 7th Incident

accident事故，意外的事

　　by accident偶然

business n.商業(yè)，生意上的事　

18. concern vt.

1）關(guān)于,關(guān)系到，與…有關(guān)to be about（無(wú)被動(dòng)）

The story concerns a man who is wrongly imprisoned.這個(gè)故事是關(guān)于一個(gè)被冤枉入獄的人.

Does this concern me?

2)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)be concerned with … 和…有關(guān),牽涉

I’m not concerned with that matter any longer.

His work is concerned with the preparation of the documents for

3)過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ): 有關(guān)的

The man concerned was her husband.

We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.

4)使擔(dān)心,掛念worry

concern oneself with / about

be concerned about /with /for / over

Please don’t be concerned about me.

We are concerned about/for her safety.

5) so(as) far as … is concerned就…來(lái)說(shuō)， 就…而論

So far as I’m concerned some other arrangement would have been satisfactory.

It is impossible as far as we are concerned.

n. 擔(dān)心，焦慮 [u]

There is no reason for concern.

Mother’s concern over her sick child kept her awake all night.

19. telegram n. 電報(bào)

He sent me a telegram yesterday.

比較: telegraph n. [u]

The news was sent by telegraph.

v.打電報(bào)

We telegraphed her the news.

20. locate -v.

1)to learn the position of確定…的地點(diǎn),找到…的位置

We located the library, schools, and stores as soon as

we moved into the town. 我們一搬到這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)里,就

找到了圖書(shū)館,學(xué)校和商店的地點(diǎn).

2)使…坐落于, 把…設(shè)置在fix/ set in a certain place.

be located位于

Where is it located?

The firehouse is located on Main Street.

The house is located next to the river.這房子坐落在河邊.

21.look up to =respect=admire

(opp.) look down upon

look into

look on

look forward to

look on …as

look out

look through

22.bore vt.使厭煩make sb. uninterested

The lesson was boring.

The students were bored (by it).

23.fall in love with

be in love with

24.attitude n.

(1) a way of feeling態(tài)度,表現(xiàn)

attitude to( towards)

What ‘s you attitude towards this idea?

(2) a position of the body (正式)姿態(tài),姿勢(shì)

25.disappoint –vt.

1)使失望, 使計(jì)劃受挫unhappy at not seeing hopes come true

I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I can’t come after all.

讓你失望了很抱歉,可我實(shí)在不能來(lái).

2)disappointed adj. 失望的

*be disappointed about/ at/ in / with sb. /sth.

be disappointed to do

Are you disappointed about/ at losing the race?

My parents will be disappointed in/ with me if I fail

the examination.

She was very disappointed to hear it.

3) disappointing adj.令人失望

Her acting was disappointing.; I hoped she would do better.

What disappointing news !

He was disappointing , so his parents were very disappointed with him.

to one’s disappointment

The film made all of us ___. It is really ___.

A. disappointing; disappointed

B. disappointed; disappointing

C. disappointed: to be disappointed

D. fell disappointing; disappointing

Text:

1. generous 1) 慷慨，大方 (opp) mean

It is generous of sb. to do

It is generous of you to lend me your car yesterday.

be generous to sb.

The poor are usually generous to each other.

be generous with sth.

She is not very generous with the food.

2）豐盛的

He gave me a generous meal.

2.rob sb. / sp. of sth

不能說(shuō)：rob sth.

Mrs Smith was robbed of her 4 3,000 designer watch at her west London home.

steal sth from sb./sp.

不能說(shuō)：steal sb.

She was caught stealing food from the shop.他在商店偷食品時(shí)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了.

pick one’s pocket掏腰包

3.Food prices are going up.

go up go down vi.

上漲 rise 下降 bring down (the prices) vt.

get higher reduce vt.

The prices have been brought down.

The price is too high/ low.

The shirt is too expensive / cheap.

4. burn down (a building) be destroyed by fire燒毀 (強(qiáng)調(diào)破

壞性)

The building was burned down and only ashes were left.

burn out make hollow by fire燒光，燒掉

The building was burned out and only the walls remained.

burn up destroy completely by fire燒完，燒盡 (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

All the wood has been burned up.所有的木頭都已燒完.

5. experienced pp. used as an adverbial分詞作定語(yǔ)

1) When shall we send the corrected papers back to them?

2) The unexpected arrival of the letter made us jump with joy. 那封信突然的到來(lái)使我們高興得跳了起來(lái).

3) He made an inspiring speech at the meeting.

4) The inspired audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause.受到鼓舞的聽(tīng)眾站立起來(lái),對(duì)他報(bào)以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的熱烈掌聲.

6.relate to sb. / sth. 能理解或同情某人(某事物)

Students find it difficult to relate to the life of a scientidt. 學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)理解科學(xué)家的生活很難.

relate… to有關(guān)聯(lián)的, 相關(guān)的

It refers to something in the past which is directly relate

to the present time. 它指的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去但與現(xiàn)在有直接關(guān)系的某件事.

If you relate the results to the cause, you will find things are not that simple. 如果你把結(jié)果與援引聯(lián)系起來(lái)看,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)事情并不那么簡(jiǎn)單.

7. for once=just for once=for this once=this once (至少)這一次(平時(shí)不這樣)

1) For once, they broke the rule.

2) For once ,you are wrong.

3) For once, Brown, the toughest man, was asking for support.只有這一次Brown這個(gè)硬漢,開(kāi)口求人了.

at once/immediately/

all at once/ suddenly/ all of a sudden

8. 1)rather than 而不是，與其…寧愿 instead of

The color seems green rather than blue.

He is a write rather than a poet.

He ran rather than walked.

Rather cause trouble, he left.

2)rather than連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)與前者一致

He rather rather you is to blame.

3) A rather than B = more A than B與其說(shuō)B,不如說(shuō)A.

He is an artist rather than a philosopher.

=He is more an artist than a philosopher.與其說(shuō)他是位哲學(xué)家,不如說(shuō)他是位藝術(shù)家.

4)would (had) rather … than寧愿…不愿

He would rather listen to others than talk himself.

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would

beg in the streets.

9.keep + adj. (present p./past p.) 使保持，繼續(xù)（處于某種狀態(tài)）

　Will you take these home and keep them safe?請(qǐng)你把這些帶回來(lái)，安全保管好嗎?

Keep the fire burning.

Would you keep me informed of how things are going? 你隨時(shí)通知我事情的進(jìn)展好嗎？

10. make sure that 確保，設(shè)法做到

Please make sure that the house is locked when you leave.

Before she called on her friends, she rang to make sure that they were home.

make sure of / about

Make sure of all the facts before you write the report.

寫(xiě)報(bào)告前要弄清所有的事實(shí).

There is just one or two details that I would like to make

sure about. 只有一兩個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)我想弄明白.

11. bring back 1)帶回, 送回

He always brings me back something nice when he goes overseas.

4) 使回憶起來(lái),使恢復(fù)

Her heart stopped three times, but they brought her back.

Talking about it brings it all back.一談起這件事就全想起來(lái)了.

12. adapt to改變，使能適應(yīng)change so as to be suitable for new needs

It is not easy to adapt oneself to new conditions. 要使自己適應(yīng)新環(huán)境是不容易的。

When you go abroad, you are often obliged to adapt yourself to foreign habits and customs. 一個(gè)人出國(guó)后往往被迫適應(yīng)外國(guó)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。

13….it was the first time that I had written with real passion…

一些時(shí)態(tài)的固定句型:

1) That /It is the first /second …time that + have done

was had done

This is the first time I’ve come here.

It was the third time(that) he had made the same mistake.

2) It is / has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since did

was had done

It is ( has been) two weeks since I came here.

我來(lái)這兩個(gè)星期了．（終止性動(dòng)詞表延續(xù)）

　　 It is five years since I smoked.

我不吸煙五年了．（沿續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表終止）

　　 I have smoked for five years.吸煙五年

　　 She said it was five years since she had finished her work.完成工作五年了

　　 It is ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.十年沒(méi)這么快樂(lè)了

3) was/ were about to do when + did

was/ were doing

was/were going to do

was / were on the flight

We were about to leave when the telephone rang.

4) Hardly had…done when did

No sooner than

Scarcely when/ before

Hardly had I got home when it rained.

5) It won’t be／take + 一段時(shí)間＋before do用不了多久就

It will be/take + 一段時(shí)間 ＋before…　用了多久就．．．

It won’t be long before he comes back.

It will be two hours before he comes back.

It wasn’t + 一段時(shí)間 + before did 沒(méi)過(guò)多久就．．．

It was + 一段時(shí)間　+ before did　過(guò)了多久就．．．

It wasn’t ten years before they met again.

6)It is time that should do/ did

It is time that they went to school.

13．be/ get / become addicted to sth.… 對(duì)…有(上)癮unable to stop having, taking

Soon he became addicted to cigarettes.

The children are addicted to television.

addiction 嗜好

14. on all sides = on every side 在各方面,四面八方

On all sides there was great enthusiasm over his speech. 他的演講及其各界人們極大的熱情.

They were trapped with enemies on every side.他們陷入困境四面楚歌.

15. respect 1) vt.

He respect every opinion his friend held.

2) n. 尊敬 [u, 可加a ] 重視

have (no, much) respect for sb. /sth.

I have much respect for him.

He has no respect for his promises.

3)n. (pl) 敬意,問(wèn)候 =regards

Give my respects/ regards to your wife.

16. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth.示威者們?cè)趫?chǎng)外與工人們交談，積極呼吁保護(hù)地球，表現(xiàn)出了勇氣和力量。

brave and strong表句子主語(yǔ)在talk和leave a message時(shí)的情形, 即:when the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth, they were brave and strong..

eg. The old man went to bed hungry last night. (The old man was hungry when he went bed last night. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)與副詞作狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)不同.前者主要說(shuō)明主語(yǔ),后者主要說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ).

The old man went to bed slowly. (The action of “ going to bed” is slow)

He went home, tired and hungry.

17.